Rationalism
Rationalists believe that learning is
based on an active mind acting on and adding to information that it gets from
the senses (as opposed to empiricism which postulated a much more passive mind
that acts on information automatically).
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Rationalism
The mind does not just categorize sensory information but rather adds something unique to it, the mind is active
Deduction, not induction is the way to do science
God, nature, and mind are inseperable
God is present everywhere and in everything
Mind and body are inseperable
Emotion versus passion à passions need to be controlled
All emotions are ceused by interactions of a set of basic emotions
Gotfried Wilhelm
von Leibniz 1710-1796
We can trust impressions of the world because it makes common sense to do so
The world is as we immediately experience it
Faculties are mental abilities which are alll part of a unified mind
Proponent of faculty psychology
Trust in common sense
Our senses immediately and accurately reflect reality
Immanuel Kant 1724-1804
People have innate categories of thought, these allow us to make generalizations
Notions of time can't come from experience, they must come from innate categories, time is a mind creation
Moral behavior is based on rational principle and free will, not hedonism
Johann
Friedrich Herbart 1776-1841
The activities of the mind can be expressed mathematically, allowing science
Ideas are the remnants of sensory impressions
Ideas fight with each other for conscious expression
The apperceptive mass s the group of ideas being attended
Educational psychology s based on review, overview, and connections
Georg Wilhelm
Friedrich Hegel 1770-1841
The whole is more important than particular instances, state is more important than citizens
Costant mediation between thesis and antithesis