Early Philosophy and Religion

These early philosophers laid the groundwork towards creating a scientific study of the mind.

 

950-----1000-----1050-----1100------1150-----1200-----1250-----1300------1350------1400------1450-----1500-------1550

___--Avicenna--____________________________--Aquinas--_

-----Abelard-----                                      ---Occam----__________________________________________________________________________________________

Avicenna 980-1037

Especially influential in medicine

Determined that there were 7 internal senses

 

Peter Abelard 1079-1142

Used the dialectic method à pit questions against each other

Realism: Universals/ essences exist

Nominalism: Universals are simply labels

Conceptualism: Universals don’t exist, similarities do

 

St. Thomas Aquinas 1225-1350

Reason and faith are not incompatible

Fought to incorporate Aristotle into Christianity

Made possible philosophy without religion

 

William of Occam 1290-1350

Keep explanations as simple as possible: Occam’s razor

How does the mind classify experience?

-we habitually respond to similar things in a similar way

Nature is as we experience it