Soil Degradation Brought to you by the Cogix Crossword Wizard

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ACROSS DOWN
1 Descent of an area into desert through lost water-holding capacity of eroded soil 2 Rows of trees that serve as windbreaks for farm fields
3 Thin surface of sand and stones left by wind erosion in deserts that protects underlying soil 4 Salt left behind when water evaporates concentraing in soil to the point where plant growth is suppressed
5 Type of irrigation in which diverted river water is channeled into a field 7 In ____________ removal, the light clay and humus particles erode, leaving behind heavy sand and rock
6 Provides superb soil protection against erosion by forming a smooth matter over which runoff flows 8 This kind of fertilizer does not replenish the matter required to prevent mineralization
10 In this kind of erosion, after soil pores clog, increased runoff carries away the fine particles 9 Type of irrigation where pumped water is sprayed from large sprinklers
11 Provides good soil protection against erosion by disrupting runoff flow 13 Wind and water carrying off soil and humus particles
12 A downside to no-till agriculture is that these are required before seeding 14 What erosion can turn into since degraded soil is more vulnerable to erosion
15 Plowing furrows horizontally to a slope to reduce runoff velocity 16 This overuse of public rangeland has led to desertification and up to 50% reduction of cattle forage growth
21 This common farming method increases topsoil exposure to erosion and decreases aeration and infiltration 17 A downstream result of erosion, these kill fish and coral reefs and damage aquatic ecosystems
22 In this kind of erosion, raindrops break up soil clumps and dislodged particles block soil pores 18 In this kind of erosion, further increased runoff forms small, fast streams that dig ravines
23 Increased runoff from eroded soil causes this 19 80% of this in the Amazon basin is done in an attempt to use poor oxisol soil for agriculture
24 Technique in which a furrow is opened, seed is deposited and the furrow is closed, all at the same time 20 Switching crops cyclically to sustainably replenish the soil


Reference

Nebel, Bernard J. and Wright, Richard T. Environmental Science: The Way The World Works. 7th ed. 2000: Prentice Hall, New Jersey.

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