GUY LONGOBARDO, EngScD
CURRICULUM VITAE
March 17, 2009
HOME ADDRESS: 15 Crow's Nest Road,
Bronxville, New York 10708
EDUCATION:
Columbia University, New York
Undergraduate
Columbia College, 1945-1947
School of Engineering 1947-1949 BS, Mech Eng
Graduate and Professional
School of Engineering 1949-1950 MS, Mech Eng
1952-1962 Eng ScD
HONORS
Columbia University
Van der Poel Scholar 1947-1949
Tau Beta Pi 1948
Dumbells 1948
Sigma Xi 1950
Alumni Federation Medal for Outstanding Alumni Service 1989
Egleston Medal for Outstanding Engineering Achievement 2006
ENGINEERING ACTIVITIES
BIOENGINEERING RESEARCH 1960-2009
Researcher, consultant to research groups in pulmonary disease, and respiration. Recent research has been in sleep apnea.
Applied automatic control principles to the human body’s control of blood pressure and respiration. The mathematical modeling was based on research on humans and animals conducted by Dr. Neil Cherniack, and others. The collaboration is interdisciplinary, with the control concepts stimulating human and animal research and the experimental results extending the modeling activity. The collaboration is an early example of bioengineering and has continued for forty nine years.
Conducted formal, for credit, seminars for Engineering School graduate students and physicians, physiologists and biochemists at the Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons. Taught dynamic principles and systems concepts using body systems as examples for analysis and discussion. This was the first course of its kind at Columbia, in Engineering or at P&S.
Research continued at the following institutions:
U of Illinois/Chicago 1964-1964
Michael Reese Hospital 1964-1969
U of Pennsylvania 1969-1977
University Hospitals of Cleveland/
Case Western Research University 1977-1995
University of Medicine and Dentistry NJ 1995- 2009
At all listed universities lectured on respiratory control principles to in-training chest physicians, pulmonary physiologists, and physicians engaged in pulmonary research.
Research demonstrated that much instability in respiration, like sleep apnea and Cheyne-Stokes breathing could be explained as instability of respiratory control. The models developed of respiratory control describe effects blood flow distribution, brain metabolism, hypoxia, carbon dioxide uptake, respiratory patterns, optimization, all leading to increased understanding of the factors of importance in respiratory control, and the causes of respiratory instability.
Most recent work has included studying the impact of neural factors like alertness and hypoxic depression on respiratory response and variability, adapting current research by others at the cellular level on respiratory neurons and pacemakers for respiratory pattern generation into a practical form that can be included in integrated models of respiration, and studying the interaction between fluid mechanics and compliance in the upper airway, lung mechanics, and respiratory control system parameters in the production of obstructive apneas during sleep.
This research has provided a framework around which quantified respiratory research has been conducted for four decades. The work has increased understanding of respiratory control and pulmonary disease.
EMPLOYMENT
E.I.DuPont de Nemours and Co. , Development Engineer 1950-1952
Columbia University 1952-1965
School of Engineering
Mechanical Engineering Inst., Ass’t. Prof.
College of Physicians and Surgeons 1960-1965
Cardio-Respiratory Laboratory
Research Consultant, lecturer
AMF Corp. Consultant 1960-1965
IBM Corporation
Advanced System Development Div., Advisory Engr. 1965-1989
Manager for Computers in Clinical Medicine
Kingston Laboratory 1973-1974
Software Development Manager,
Helped develop and brought to market IBM's first expert system
Data Processing Product Group HQ, Senior Engr., Planner 1974-1976
IBM Headquarters, Armonk, Engineering Consultant 1976-1980
Europe/Middle East/ Africa Headquarters 1980-1989
Program Manager, Planning Europe/ Middle East/Africa
Responsible for developing the IBM European Main Frame
Revenue and Volumes Plan, including planning and
developing new strategic product initiatives.
OTHER ACTIVITIES
Chairman, Columbia Alumni Wrestling Advisory Committee 1958-1960
President, The Working Gardeners of Bronxville 1975-1978
President, Columbia Engineering School Alumni Association 1988-1990
President, Bronxville Field Club, Bronxville, NY 1995-1998
HOBBIES Skiing, Tennis, Opera, Beach Bumming with Grand Children
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS, CHAPTERS, PAPERS AND ABSTRACTS
Doctoral Dissertation
An Experimental Study of Heat Transfer at High Temperature Differences in Turbulent Air-Flow between a Rotating Cylinder and a Stationary Concentric Outer Cylinder, 1962. G.S. Longobardo, Dep't. of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science,
Columbia University in the City of New York.
See also: Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Final Report No. AFOSR 3207, August 1962.
Determined experimentally that Reynold's Analogy, the equivalence of heat and momentum transfer for laminar flow, can be extended to high property variation, compressible turbulent flow.
Books, Chapters on Automatic Control
1. Automatic Process Control, W. A. Hadley and G. S. Longobardo,
London: Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons, Ltd. & Co., 1963.
2. G. S. Longobardo, Automatic Controls, In: Marks' Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers, Edited by T.Baumeister, Seventh Edition, McGraw Hill Book Company, New York, 1966.
3. Guy Longobardo and Anna Kazanjian Longobardo, Automatic Controls, In: Marks' Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers, Edited by T.Baumeister, E. A. Avallone, T. Baumeister III, Eighth Edition, McGraw Hill Book Company, New York, 1978.
Chapters on Respiratory Control System
1. Giordano A, Longobardo GS, and Cherniack NS. The effect of controlled system (plant) dynamics on ventilatory responses to disturbances in CO2 balance. In: Proceedings of the Symposium on Regulation and Control in Physiological Systems, Pittsburgh, Instrument Society of America, 1973.
2. Cherniack NS, Longobardo GS, and Fishman AP. The behavior of the carbon dioxide stores of the body during unsteady states. In: Carbon Dioxide and Metabolic Regulations, edited by G. Nahas and K.E. Schaefer. (Proceedings of the Monaco Satellite Symposium.) New York, Heidelberg, Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1974, p. 324-338.
3. Cherniack NS, Longobardo GS, Gothe B, and D. Weiner. Interactive effects of central and obstructive apnea. In: Advances in Physiological Sciences, Vol. 10, Respiration, edited by I. Hutas and L.A. Debreczeni. New York: Pergamon Press, 1981, p. 553-560. Presented at the 28th International Congress of Physiological Sciences, Budapest, 1980.
4. Cherniack NS, and Longobardo GS. Mathematical model of periodic breathing during sleep. In: Modelling and Control of Breathing, edited by B.J Whipp and D.M. Wilberg. New York: Elsevier Science Publishing Co., Inc., 1983, p. 361-368.
5. Cherniack NS, and Longobardo GS. Abnormalities in respiratory rhythm. In: The Handbook of Physiology, edited by S.R. Geiger; Section 3, The Respiratory System, edited by Fishman AP; Vol. II, Control of Breathing, edited by Cherniack NS and JG. Widdicombe. Bethesda: American Physiological Society, 1986, p. 729-750.
6. Longobardo GS, Cherniack NS, Strohl KP, and JM. Fouke. Respiratory control and mechanics. In: Handbook of Bioengineering, edited by R. Skalak and S. Chien. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1987, p. 25.1-25.35.
7. Cherniack NS, and Longobardo GS. Potential causes of recurrent apneas during sleep. In: Modeling and Parameter Estimation in Respiratory Control, 4th Annual Biomedical Simulations Resource Short Course proceedings, edited by M.C.K. Khoo. New York: Plenum Publishing Corp., 1990, p. 161-169.
8. Cherniack NS, and Longobardo GS. Effect of metabolic rate on the occurrence of periodic breathing. In: Sleep and Respiration, edited by F.G. Issa, P.M. Suratt, and JE. Remmers. Progress in Clinical and Biological Research, Vol. 345. NY: Wiley-Liss, 1990, 167-176.
9. Cherniack NS, and G. Longobardo. Periodic breathing during sleep. In: Sleep and Breathing, Second Edition, edited by N.A. Saunders and C.E. Sullivan. NY: Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1994, 157-190.
10. Longobardo GS, Cherniack NS, Modeling State and Behavioral Effects on Respiration. Course on Integrative Models of Respiration, University of Southern California, Biomedical Simulations Resource Center, 2001.
11. Longobardo G ,Evangelisti C, Prabhakar NR and Cherniack NS Neural drives and breathing stability. In Frontiers in Modeling and Control of Breathing; Integration at Molecular, Cellular and Systems Levels (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology Series, Volume 499) Eds C-S Poon and H Kazemi, Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, NY 2001,pp453-458.
12. Longobardo GS, Cherniack NS. The Role of Neural Mechanisms in causing Apneas and Irregular Breathing; Lessons from Mathematical Models. 7th World Congress on Sleep Apnea, Helsinki, Finland, 2003.
13. Longobardo GS ,Evangelisti CJ, Cherniack NS Effects of controller dynamics on simulations of irregular and periodic breathing. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 536; 389-410, 2003. (Chemoreception, from cellular signaling to functional physiology ed J-M Pequignot, C Gonzales, CA Nurse, NR Prabhakar. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Press.
14. Cherniack NS, Longobardo G. Applications of Bioengineering to Pulmonary Medicine, The Wiley Encyclopedia of Biomedical Engineering, M. Akay, Ed. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2006.
Abstracts
1. Damokosh-Giordano A, Cherniack NS, Longobardo GS, and Baan J. The effect of airflow shape on gas exchange across the lung. Fed Proc 33:353, 1974.
2. Damokosh-Giordano A, Longobardo GS, Haxhiu MA, and Cherniack NS. The effect of CO2 response on changes in body CO2 Stores. Am Rev Respir Dis 113: 193, 1976
3. Cherniack NS, Longobardo GS, and Gothe B. Respiratory control during sleep. Presented at 37th ACEMB meetings, Los Angeles, September 1984.
4. Cherniack NS, Gothe B, Van Lunteren E, and Longobardo GS. Interactive effects of hypoxia and hypercapnia: implications for sleep apnea. (Presented at the 1985 Adriatic Meeting on the Regulation of Breathing, Dubrovnik, Yugoslavia, September 1985.) Acta Biol. Med. Exp.
11:103-114, 1986.
5. Longobardo GS, Cherniack NS. Effect of Dead Space and Breathing Frequency on Periodic Breathing. FASEB J4(4), A950, 1990
Papers
1. Ferretti R, Cherniack NS, Longobardo G, Levin OR, Morkin E, Singer D, and Fishman AP. Systemic and pulmonary vasomotor waves. Am J Physiol 209:37, 1965.
2. Cherniack NS, Longobardo G, Staw I, and Heymann M. Dynamics of carbon dioxide stores changes following an alteration in ventilation. J Appl Physiol 21(3):785-93, 1966.
3. Cherniack NS, Longobardo GS, Levine OR, Mellins R, and Fishman AP. Periodic breathing in dogs. J Appl Physiol 21(6):1847-1854, 1966.
4. Longobardo GS, Cherniack NS, and Fishman AP. Cheyne-Stokes breathing produced by a model of the human respiratory system. J Appl Physiol 21(6):1839-46, 1966.
5. Palermo F, Longobardo GS, and Cherniack NS. Physiological modeling on digital computers. Proc Ann Conf Eng Biol Med 8:26, 1966.
6. Longobardo GS, Cherniack NS, and Staw I. Transients in carbon dioxide stores. IEEE Trans Biom Engr 14(3):182-91, 1967.
7. Cherniack NS, Longobardo G, Palermo FP, and Heymann M. Dynamics of oxygen stores changes following an alteration in ventilation. J Appl Physiol 24(6):809-16, 1968.
8. Cherniack NS, Longobardo GS. Oxygen and carbon dioxide gas stores of the body. [Review] Physiological Reviews 50(2):196-243, 1970.
9. Cherniack NS, and Longobardo GS. Cheyne-Stokes breathing: An instability in physiologic control. N Engl J Med 288(18):952-7, 1973.
10. Giordano AR, Tuteur PG, Longobardo GS, and Cherniack NS. The effect of increased metabolic rate and denervation on CO2 storage in muscle. Respir Physiol 18(3):309-27, 1973.
11. Damokosh-Giordano A, Longobardo GS, Baan J, and Cherniack NS. The effect of variations in airflow pattern on gas exchange - a theoretical study. Respir Physiol 25(2):217-34, 1975.
12. Damokosh-Giordano A, Longobardo GS, and Cherniack NS. Transient CO2 elimination and storage as a function of the ventilatory response to CO2. Respir Physiol 37(3):219-37, 1979.
13. Longobardo GS, Cherniack NS, and Damokosh-Giordano A. Possible optimization of respiratory controller sensitivity. Ann Biomed Eng 8(2):143-58, 1980.
14. Gothe B, Longobardo GS, Mantey P, Goldman MD, and Cherniack NS. Effects of increased inspired oxygen and carbon dioxide on periodic breathing during sleep. Trans Assn Am Phys 94:134-43, 1981.
15. Cherniack NS, and Longobardo GS. The chemical control of respiration. Ann Biomed Eng 9(5-6):395-407, 1981.
16. Longobardo GS, Gothe B, Goldman MD, and Cherniack NS. Sleep apnea considered as a control system instability. Respir Physiol 50(3):311-33, 1982.
17. Longobardo GS, Cherniack NS, and Gothe B. Factors affecting respiratory system stability. Annals Biomed Engrg. l7(4):377-96, 1989.
18. Cherniack NS, Longobardo GS. Effect of metabolic rate on the occurrence of periodic breathing. Prog Clin Biol Res 345:167-74; discussion 175-6, 1990.
19. Haxhiu MA,Mack SO, Martin RJ, Ferguson DG, Longobardo G, and Cherniack NS. Behavioral State Control and Airway Instability. In Frontiers in Modeling and Control of Breathing; Integration at Molecular, Cellular and Systems Levels (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology Series, Volume 499) Eds C-S Poon and H Kazemi, Kluwer Academic./Plenum Publishers, NY 2001, pp 445-452.
20. Longobardo G., Evangelisti C., Prabhakar NR. and Cherniack NS. Neural Drives and Breathing Stability. Advances in Experimental Medical Biology 499:297-302, 2001.
21. Longobardo G, Evangelisti C.J., Cherniack N.S. Effects of neural drives on breathing in the awake state in humans. Respiration Physiology 129:317-333, 2002
22. Longobardo G, Evangelisti C.J., Cherniack, N.S. Effects of Controller Dynamics on Simulations of irregular Periodic Breathing. Advances in Experimental Medical Biology, 536: pp389-399, 2003.
23. Cherniack N.S., Longobardo, G., Evangelisti C.J. What mathematical models tell us of the clinical causes of apneas during sleep. Sleep Medicine, 4S1, 2003.
24. Longobardo, GS, Physiological Insights Derived from Mathematical Models of Respiration. Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews, 2:397-403, 2006.
25. Cherniack NS, Longobardo GS. Mathematical Models of Periodic Breathing and their Usefulness in Understanding Cardio-Vascular Disorders. Experimental Physiology, 91.2:295-305, 2006.
26. Longobardo G, Evangelisti C.J., Cherniack, N.S. Analysis of the Interplay between Neurological Conrol of Respiration and Upper Airway Mechanics producing Upper Airway Obstruction in Humans. Experimental Physiology 93.2, pp281-287, 2007
27. Cherniack N.S., Longobardo, G., Evangelisti C.J. Causes of Cheyne-Stokes Respiration. Neurocritical Care, 3(2): 271-279, 2007.