COMPUTERIZED TABLE OF  ISOTOPES

“NUCKLIDE TRACK” (NT)

 

COMPUTERIZED TABLE OF  ISOTOPES. 1

“NUCKLIDE TRACK” (NT) 1

Nuclide properties represented in program’s. 2

“Nuclide Track” Data  Base (NTDB) 2

Nuclide data representation types in “Nuclide Track” program.. 4

About “Nuclide Track Manager” window.. 4

Table of isotopes – “Nuclide track” window.. 5

Graphs. 5

Nuclide Track Program’s complement and other information. 5

 

It is computerized interactive program, which represents most essential propeties of atomic nuclei (nuclides, isotopes) in dependence of number of protons Z, number of neutrons N and mass number A=Z+N on tables and graphs. Nuclide data is retrieved from nuclide database, reordered due to users requirements and represented in convenient form.

 

Investigated nuclide propeties are saved in Nuclide Data Bases (NDB) . Most representative of those are in Nuclear Data Center... Most essential  and popular propeties of nuclei from those data bases are copied to our “Nuclide Track” database in MS Access format.

Table of isotopes, where column number is equal to neutron number N in nucleus and row number is equal to proton number Z of nucleus is most natural interface to represent and retrieve propeties of nucleus from nuclide database. Every nucleus is represented in this table by separate box. But not every box corresponds to (represents) really existing nucleus. Totality of known existing nuclides  is represented in table of isotopes by an area which form resembles some track. That’s why our program and its interface to nuclide data is called “Nuclide Track.” (NT) .

Let us begin a tour along nuclide track

 Example of  “Nuclide Track interface”  to our  Nuclide Track  Data Base 

(NTDB)  is shown below in figure 1. and on the figure on table of homepage.

 

Figure 1.  Table of isotopes “Nuclide Track” , its initial part.

 

Columns in our table of nuclides NT are numbered from left to right, from N=0 to N=165 according to number of neutrons N in nucleus. Rows are numbered upward from Z=0 to Z=112 in correspondence with the number of protons Z in nucleus. Nuclides whose propeties are known very roughly are not compiled in our NTDB.

 

Particles bound in atomic nucleus, neutrons and protons are called nucleons

Neutrons and protons in nucleus are bound by attractive short ranged nuclear forces of saturative type. Range of those forces is within the radius of nucleus.

While long ranged repulsive insaturative Coulomb forses between protons  are known better. Proton repulsion force strength outside nucleus is roughly proportional to ~(Z-1)*e2/r2, where e is elementary charge and r – the mean distance between proton and residual protons of nucleus.  Those are the main reasons why there are no nucleus with large difference between proton and neutron numbers in nucleus and why there are no nucleus with Z~>118 and N~>170. All nuclides in table of isotopes are arranged nearby so called nuclide stability track, from both sides of it (Fig 1.).

Each box, representing stabile nuclide in our table on Fig 1.,  is composed of two rectangles: of black  and grey color. Percent of width of black rectangle with respect to full table box width represents natural percental abundance of this isotope in element.  

 

Nuclide properties represented in program’s

 “Nuclide Track” Data  Base (NTDB)

 

In main NTDB table every record (table row) represents propeties of separate nuclide. Number of records is equal to 2934, the number of nuclides in nuclide track.

Every column of the table (NTDB field) represents one specified parameter in all nuclides. Properties of nuclides may be represented together with dispersions (in the case of numeric parameters), referencies and remarks.

The next properties of nuclei are represented in Nuclide Track Data Base.

1.                  atomic number Z, neutron number N, mass number A=Z+N of nuclide;

2.                  atomic mass, mass defect, bind energy;

3.                  abundance of isotope in element;

4.                  concentracion of nuclide in earth’s surface, meteorites and cosmos in absolute  units or in  logarithmic scale;

5.                  lifetime of unstable isotope  in absolute  units or in  logarithmic scale;

6.                  spin and parity of nuclide ground state;

7.                  decay type and its probability for : 

isomeric transition;

beta+ decay;

beta- decay;

electron capture;

alpha decay;

proton emission;

neutron emission;

beta- decay and simultaneous neutron emission;

spontaneous decay;

8.                  neutron separation energy;

9.                  proton separation energy;

10.              alpha particle separation energy;

11.              separation energy of other particles;

12.              magnetic moment of ground state;

13.              quadruple moment of ground state;

14.              deformation of nucleus;

15.              energy levels of nuclides;

 

Data of more than 40 parameters of all nuklides are represented in “Nuclide Track” data base. This information can be got and represented with the aid  of interface of “Nuclide Track” program.

 

Nuclide data representation types in “Nuclide Track” program

            There are few types of windows, where nuclide data information and management buttons are located:

1.     main information window Table of isotopes – “Nuclide track” as shown in Fig. 1. ;

2.     nuclide data table window;

3.     graphics window;

4.     nuclide ordering window;

5.     window of selected nuclide with all its parameters shown;

6.     movable control panel window  “Nuclide Track Manager”;

 

About “Nuclide Track Manager” window

 

Movable “Nuclide Track Manager” window is u

Movable “Nuclide Track Manager” window is shown together with current information window and is used: 1) to select information window, 2) to select data representation type,

3) to form selected parameter list and 4) to show selected parameters of specified nucleus on special table in Manager’s window for quick view.

This window contains:

1.       panels of command buttons, used to select information window and data representation type in our program;

2.       parameter name list box, used to make “selected parameters list” whose values will be shown:

1)     on selected parameters names and values table of specified nucleus (look 3.);

2)      on graphics, which represent selected parameters values in dependence of nuclide number in selected nuclide chain;

3.       table of selected parameters names and values of specified nucleus together with histogram.

 

All nuclides on tables and graphs can be scanned by their number in nuclide chain automatically with selected speed or by hand.

 

Table of isotopes – “Nuclide track” window

 

Example of this window is shown in Fig. 1.

Visible part of NT can be changed by pressing left mouse button on free Table space and drugging in needed direction.

There is another way to locate needed part of NT on the screen: 1-push “Pos”  on “Manager”, 2-select N and Z, 3-push ”Okay” . N,Z box of  NT will be located on the center of a screen.

The size of NT table boxes can be changed in NT Manager window: 1) with the aid of special Size buttons 2) by specifying box width and height.

NT boxes are sensitive to mouse marker. When marker is over nuclide box, corresponding selected parameters are shown in table on NT Manager window and are fixed after mouse click and boxes become insensitive to mouse marker. Another mouse click over NT box will renew sensitivity of boxes.

After double click over nuclide box all parameter names and values of corresponding nucleus are shown in special table.

User can make his own Table of isotopes with selected parameters set on NT boxes with the aid of special button on NT manager window. User himself must reset the size of nuclide box. 

Graphs

 

With the aid of NT graphical means we can represent values of selected parameters on graphs in dependence of nuclide position in some specified nuclide chain. It may be Element’s isotopes Z-chain, isotones N-chain or isobars A-chain.

For example, in element’s Z-chain You can represent nuclide’s proton separation energy in dependence on neutron number of isotope and compare it with the resembling dependence in the case of neutron separation energy.

Dependencies may be shown on ordinary graphs, where abscise axe is nuclide’s order number in chain, while ordinate axe represents parameter values.

 Dependencies may be shown directly on the table of isotopes, on selected nuclide chain, while line drawn through chain boxes serves as an axe of a graph, representing nuclide’s  order number in chain, while another, special drown axe, represents numeric values of parameters.

          Nuclide Track Program’s complement and other information

 

In programs description on separate booklet user will find the main information  about “Nuclide Track” program, what can it do, how to install and use program. Additionally user will find here the minimal and most essential information about nuclear structure and properties, needed in order to understand what is about.

Programs ”Nuclide Track” installation package is written on CD and may be installed on computers with windows based systems: WINDOWS 95, 98, Millennium, XP, 2000, NT.

          Programs ”Nuclide Track” algorithm size is about 0.7MB, programs size on CD together with data base and other dependencies – about 70 MB.

 

 

February 25,  2004                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Rimgaudas Ţirgulevičius