BIBLIOGRAFIA SOBRE CUBA

Benjamin, Jules R., The United States and Cuba: Hegemony and Dependent Development, 1880-1934, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, University of Pittsburgh, 1977.

Burns, E. Bradford, Latin America: A Concise Interpretive History (sixth ed.), Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice Hall, 1994.

Carlson, Fred A., Geography of Latin America, New York, Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1952.

Gellman, Irwin F., Roosevelt and Batista: Good Neighbor Diplomacy in Cuba, 1933-1945, Albuquerque, New Mexico, University of New Mexico Press, 1971.

Greer, Thomas H., A Brief History of the Western World (fifth ed.), New York, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers, 1987.

Jenks, Leland H., Our Cuban Colony: A Study in Sugar, New York, Arno Press & The New York Times, 1970.

Kennedy, Robert F., Thirteen Days: A Memoir of the Cuban Missile Crisis (with afterword by Richard Neustadt and Graham Allison), New York, W.W. Norton & Co., 1971.

Langley, Lester D., The United States and the Caribbean: 1900-1970, Athens, Georgia, University of Georgia Press, 1980.

Lazo, Mario, Dagger in the Heart: American Policy Failures in Cuba, New York, Twin Circle Publishing Company, 1968.

Leckie, Robert, The Wars of America: From 1600 to 1900, New York, Harper Perennial, 1992.

Morley, Morris H., Imperial State and Revolution: The United States and Cuba, 1952-1986, New York, Cambridge University Press, 1987.

Nitze, Paul H., From Hiroshima to Glastnost: At the Center of Decision, New York, Grove Weidenfeld, 1989.

Paterson, Thomas G., Contesting Castro: The United States and the Triumph of the Cuban Revolution, New York, Oxford University Press, 1994.

Plank, John (Ed.), Cuba and the United States: Long-Range Perspectives, Washington, D.C., The Brookings Institution, 1967.

Skidmore, Thomas E. and P.H. Smith, Modern Latin America (third ed.), New York, Oxford University Press, 1992.

Williams, Eric, From Columbus to Castro: The History of the Caribbean, New York, Vintage Books, 1970.

Central Intelligence Agency

Report on Plots to Assassinate Fidel Castro. Text dated 25 April 1967; cover memorandum by the Inspector General dated 23 May 1967

This report was classified "Secret -- Eyes Only," and was declassified after Congress ordered a government-wide review of material relating to the JFK assassination. It was sent to the National Archives in November 1993. Perhaps twenty or so names are redacted, but that still leaves about 85 names. This is the most authoritative account available of the CIA-Mafia plots to kill Castro, which included poisoned cigars and poison-tipped ballpoint pens, an exploding sea shell, a skin-diving suit dusted with fungus, a chemical to make his beard fall out, and botulin pills that one technician "tested on monkeys and found they did the job expected of them."

Those who were high-up in the bureaucracy claim little knowledge of these plots. John McCone noted that over the years, phrases such as "dispose of Castro," "remove Castro," and "knock off Castro" were used in high-level government meetings, but that "those phrases were always construed to mean the overthrowing of the communist government in Cuba." Even William Harvey, who knew exactly what he was doing, made sure that phrases like "elimination of leaders" were excised from internal memorandums. The CIA has mastered the art of deniability. To put it bluntly, they can make a monkey out of anyone who tries to hold them responsible.