Proprietary Technology for Encapsulation of metal clusters in “Fullerene”

 

          Carbon Cages Produces “Magnetic Carbon with Conductive Properties” 

 

           Interesting experiments                            Sedimentation Experiments

               Material analysis                                       Magnets of carbon

               Mysterious magnetic fibers                       Properties still undetermined

               Most probable structure                            Present day market opportunities

 

                                                 Purchasing magnetic carbon    

        

   Applications abound for conductive magnetic carbon some example applications include, xerographic toner and ink jet ink for printed circuits. Other possible applications include low weight electric motors, electric propulsion systems, catalyst, semiconductors, computer memory storage and superconductors.

 

RW Industries has developed a new proprietary process for the manufacture of carbon that is both magnetic and conductive. This new-engineered material is available for researchers and experimenters to investigate.  The cost for small amounts of magnetic carbon is minimal and further reduced for university and researchers willing to share experiments and results with RW Industries. The cost will further drop drastically when produced in large amounts. If there is interest in purchasing these engineered materials please call me at 216-381-3831 or email Allisonpeterallison56@yahoo.com.  This technology can also be used to insert other metal clusters into fullerene structures for catalysis, etc.

 

The conductive magnetic carbon (CMC) has not been fully characterized but the material is suspected to be similar in structure to fullerenes doped with Fe, Cr, and Ni impurities.

  

                                                          Magnetic Carbon Experiments

Experiments show the resulting deposits of magnetic carbon pulled from suspension by a magnetic field

 

              

  Figure1                                                             Figure2

                                          

 

Close up of Figure 1 shows magnetic carbon with structure due to magnetic flux field. Close up of Figure 2 shows

Again, what is believed to be a magnetic flux pattern but pentagon and hexagon structures are unexplainable

 

                                      

                                                 MAGNETIC CARBON SETTLING EXPERIMENT

 

                                                             

                                                             Figure 3

 

Magnetic carbon dispersed in methanol will settle out of suspension in 8.37 minutes under the influence of

 gravity, while with the addition of a magnetic field the settling time has been reduced to 2.17minutes.

If the magnet were above the container, then the magnetic carbon would be held in suspension with out the aid of

rheological additives a new application useful to the paint industry. 

 

                       

 

 

                                      Material Identification and Characterization

             

             Gravimetric analysis

 

  

Calcining sample of magnetic carbon

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

75.80%

carbon

 

 

 

 

 

 

24.20%

Metal or possible trace metal oxides

 

 

 

 

 

 

100.00%

 

 

 

 

 

 

This analysis may have some error due to trace amounts of steel in sample

 

(Steel is Fe,Ni,Cr)

Due to this possible error the carbon level is slightly increased

. 

Other analysis problems may also bring the carbon content to as high as 83.06%

              

                SEM-EDS analysis

 

The analysis work was accomplished with Energy Dispersive   Spectrometer (EDS) where X-ray back scattering of heaver elements distinguishes heaver metal elements from the lighter ones.

                       

 

 

                              

                 The resulting analysis data indicate fullerene structures

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Fullerenes are

C28,C32.C50,C60,C70,C76,C78,C84,C240,C540

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Empirical formula calculations

#1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Percent carbon

 

75.80%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Atomic Wt of Carbon

12.011

 

The basic ratio for the chemical structure for fullerenes with:

 

 

number of atoms per molecule

6.310882

 

 

13.81874

carbon atom to one metal atom

or 14 carbon atoms

 

 

 

 

 

 

structure that would fit this molecule are:

 

 

 

 

%Metal Element

 

24.2

 

3XC6,2XC5

5XC6,8XC5

14XC6,0XC5

 

 

Ave Atomic Wt

 

52.99

 

C28

 

C70

 

C84

 

 

 

number of atoms per molecule

0.45669

 

2metal atoms

5metal atoms

6metal atoms

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The largest possible error due to metal impurities would result in the following:

 

 

 

 

 

component metals for the average atomic weight

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Empirical formula  calculation#2

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Percent carbon

 

83.06

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Atomic Wt of Carbon

12.011

 

Structures that fit are

 

 

 

 

 

 

number of atoms per molecule

6.858794

 

14XC6,0XC5

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

C84

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

percentage of metal

 

16.94

 

4 metal atoms

 

 

 

 

 

 

Average Atomic metal Wt

52.99

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Number of atoms per molecule

0.319683

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

the carbon metal ratio is

21.45499

**

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

or 21 carbon atoms to 1 metal atom

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

** If the number were 22 there are no analogs that fit, if you carry out the calculations further 21 is the closest number

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Emperical Formula #3

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Another way to view the results is to chose only the doped impurities of Fe ,Ni, Cr

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Percent carbon

 

75.80%

 

The basic ratio for the chemical structure for fullerenes with:

 

 

Atomic Wt of Carbon

12.011

 

only iron is

14.56175

  Or 15

 

 

 

 

number of atoms per molecule

6.310882

 

structure that would fit this molecule are:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5XC6,6XC5

40XC6,0XC5

50XC6,48XC5

 

 

%Metal Element

 

24.2

 

C60

 

C240

 

C540

 

 

 

Fe atomic Wt

 

55.847

 

4 Fe atoms

16 Fe Atoms

36 Fe Atoms

 

 

number of atoms per molecule

0.433327

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cr corresponds to 14/1 and Ni corresponds to 15/1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The following SEM-EDS dot maps further prove the proprietary technology has encapsulated metal clusters to produce “Fullerene” magnetic carbon that also have conductive properties.

 

                               

 

 

                     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

                                                     “Fullerene Carbon Magnets”

The following SEM photomicrograph could only go down to 5 microns due to residual magnetism left during

processing indicating the magnetic carbon particles were magnetized thus keeping the SEM electron beam

from focusing.

 

                 

                                    Note what appear to be huge fullerene “Bucky Ball” clusters

 

             

 

 

 

 

 

                

                                  Tubular shaped rods and other unknown objects

 

   Strange rod like shaped objects were originally viewed as contamination such as lint or fibers from clothes and other surrounding potential sources. Additionally, they were too large in diameter to be carbon nano tubes (5 microns or .0002 inches) so not much was thought of these foreign objects. It was not until the EDS chart was studied showing the presents of the doping materials Fe, Cr and Ni that it was realized that the contamination was consistent with magnetic carbon components.  The major difference was that that the doping materials for the tubular shapes were at a much lower level than Fe, Cr, and Ni in the magnetic carbon powder.

 


 

 


 



                                        


                                 

                          

 

 

 

 

                                          Magnetic Carbon Material Properties

                              Color –Black                                                           Solubility-Undetermined 

                             Form –Amorphous, soot like                                   Density- Estimate  >or=1

                             Melting point-decompose or sublimes                   Conductivity- conductive

                             Special Properties- Ferro Magnetic                       (SEM- no Au coating needed)

                             Curie Temperature –undetermined                         Superconductivity-Undetermined

                                 

                      

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

            

                                         C60 Structure Encapsulation of Metal Cluster atoms

 

                                   

         Figure 4                                                                Figure 5        

            While there are several conceivable models for encapsulation of the iron atoms, only Figure 4 which

surrounds the iron cluster fits the analysis ratio. In Figure 5 the ratio of Fullerene “Bucky ball” carbon atoms to iron atoms is too high or if the Fullerenes were replaced with individual carbon atoms, the carbon

to metal ratio is too low.  (Blue color =C atoms, red color = Fe atoms)   

 

 

 

 

 

                                                                                              

                            

 

 

                                             Immediate applications for Magnetic Carbon

 

   Measurement of small differences in low viscosity materials such as the differences in viscosity of

   MEK, methanol, mineral spirits etc., is easily accomplished using settling rates of magnetic carbon dispersed

   in the solvent. The application of a magnetic field is used to control the settling rates and small differences in

   viscosity can be resolved.

 

    Measurement of polymer molecular weight differences is accomplished using the magnetic carbon technology,

    small differences in molecular weight (the viscosity difference of solutions) can be resolved.

 

    Coatings applications: one example is using electrostatic spray systems to reduce over spray, the same idea can

    be applied using magnetic carbon as a pigment and a magnetic field  from a permanent  or electro magnet .

    Further, powder coatings uses the same technology and using magnet carbon as the prime pigment will allow

    (non colored) coating to be directed to the part to be coated .

 

    Dry toner for xerographic copy machines, Xerox is said to hold numerous patents for such a process.   

 

     Coatings applications for hard drive memory storage, magnetic carbon will be easier to disperse than iron oxide 

     or carbonyl iron currently used for this purpose.

                                      

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

                                                      Present cost of magnetic carbon

 

Presently the magnetic carbon is selling for $50 for 50 milligram plus shipping and handling.

Larger orders are available along with price break reductions.

To place an order, call or email me for details and current price at 216-381-3831, allisonpeterallison56@yahoo.com 

 

 

 

 

 

 ( Note1, this is only one application of RW Industries proprietary technology, there is an infinite number of       materials that can be synthesized. If you have specific material properties you are trying to achieve please write or email us with your specifications)

 

(Note2, we are currently looking for investors, venture capitalists, and in general funding for business expansion purposes)