Teenage steroid use
In this article, I outline some recent work that has focused on bodybuilding and evolving cultural standards of muscularity. teenage steroid use Steroid-side-effects. I also briefly note the occurrence in recent years of a particular type of body image disorder, muscle dysmorphia, and offer some guidelines for dealing with problematic issues that might accompany an excessive focus on muscularity. BackgroundOnly in the past 10-15 years have researchers actually given due attention to bodybuilding and body image. A primary reason is the greater prevalence of dissatisfaction with appearance that was initially documented in women, and the close connection between women's body image problems and eating disorders (which occur roughly 10 times more often in women). teenage steroid use Bodybuilding competition. However, beginning with a few studies in the mid-80s, a shift in attention to men's appearance concerns began, and this was accompanied by a focus on bodybuilding. This was due largely to the finding that men's dissatisfaction, when evident, was as often due to feeling too thin, small, or lacking in musculature as it was to a concern with excessive size or weight. In short order, researchers found that many individuals were quite unhappy with their lack of muscularity. teenage steroid use Anabolic steroids chemistry. PrevalencePerhaps the best evidence of the increase in muscularity dissatisfaction comes from three general population surveys, covering 25 years (Cash, 1997). Two features relevant to this discussion were assessed (from a broader array of body sites): the upper torso (defined in these studies as the "chest" area) and "muscle tone. " In 1972, 18% of men disliked their upper torso. By 1985 the percentage had risen to 28% and by 1996 it had reached 38% (surpassing, for the first time, women's dissatisfaction with the breast body site). Percentages for "muscle tone" for men and women were: 1972 (M-25%; W-30%), 1985 (M-32%; W-45%), 1996 (M-45%; W-57%). Another survey by Jacobi and Cash (1994) provides some information on the muscularity satisfaction levels of a general (non- bodybuilding) sample. In a sample of college men and women, they found that 91% of the men and 78% of the women wanted to be more muscular. Clearly, there is a desire for a more muscular body present for both men and women. It is also interesting to specifically evaluate bodybuilders, to determine if individuals who are objectively more muscular than average nonetheless experience body image problems (as noted above in the introduction, objective size may not translate readily into inner happiness). In our own investigation of this type, we found that both male and female bodybuilders/weightlifters (unfortunately, we did not differentiate in this study - a problem common to many investigations in this area) were more satisfied than runners and sedentary controls (Pasman & Thompson, 1988). In fact, there was no gender difference in the body image of male and female bodybuilders/weightlifters. Much of the research in this area was recently reviewed by Goldfield, Harper, and Blouin (1998). They noted that bodybuilding appears to be gaining in popularity and estimate that 5 million participate in the USA alone. Their review combines an examination of body image concerns with data on risk for eating problems. Their analysis revealed that male bodybuilders had more severe body image disturbance and eating problems than a matched athletic control group (4 of 5 studies that met criteria for inclusion).
Teenage steroid use
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