Unification
 
 
The Split

 
 

After the group of Vulcan opportunists left Vulcan during Surak's revolution of logic and reason 2,000 years ago, they had to walk a long way in search of a new home. Decades, probably even centuries, they crossed interstellar space with their primitive, not warp-propelled ships, and settled  or conquered numerous planets. In the Kaleb sector, the Taugus sector and adjoining areas of space near the later Romulan Neutral Zone and the Klingon Empire, still today the remains of these ancient Romulan colonies can be found, e.g. on Yadalla Prime, Calder II, Dessica II, Draken IV. While these planets were formerly uninhabited, the Romulans discovered in the same sectors planets like Barradas III, which were outposts of another space-travelling cilivisation - the Debrune. Either in peaceful co-existance, but most probably by subjugation of the other culture, the Romulans settled there as well, leading to a cross-breeding and mixture of both species. A few Debrune hereditary factors were integrated into the dominant Romulan DNA. The Debrune-Romulan hybrides had a slightly different skin color and a charasteristic forehead, separating them from the "Vulcan Romulans". The Romulans finally left the planets in those sectors and moved to Romulus and Remus, two planets which became their final home, located about 50 lightyears away from Vulcan. Although the Debrune-Romulans were in the majority, two Romulan races kept on existing. Consequently, a Vulcan does not stand out on Romulus, since he is regarded as a "Vulcan Romulan".
 
 

 
 
Additional Note: Although this theory, which was suggested by Bernd Schneider for the first time, of course is fairly daring and highly speculative, it seems probable with regards to the clues given in Star Trek: The Next Generation and, above all, the further development of Romulan history in [TNG] Gambit, which the hypothesis is based on to a high degree. In the end, regarding the Romulans always a similiar, but not an identical physiology was cited, therefore the integration of alien hereditary factors into the Romulan genotype cannot be ruled out. The most conclusive proof for this assumption was given in [TNG] The Enemy, since according to this episode, Vulcans and Romulans differ enough to make a ribosome transfusion between both species impossible.
Star Trek Dimension
 
 
 
Re-Unification
 
Pardek           Sela
In 2368, Spock secretly traveled to Romulus, on a personal mission to further the cause of Romulan-Vulcan re-unification. Spock's disappearance caused great consternation among Federation authorities, and the Enterprise-D was dispatched to determine his whereabouts and intentions. Spock's contact on Romulus was Senator Pardek, who was believed to have met Spock during the Khitomer conference in 2293.
Starfleet assigned Picard to investigate this intelligence report and confirm if Spock had defected to the Romulan Empire. Picard and Data, disguised as Romulans, met with Spock, who informed them of his efforts to held the underground movement reunify the Romulans and Vulcans. Romulan operative Sela and the military however, perceived this as an excellent opportunity to conquer Vulcan. With a transmission of Spock offering peace and unification paving the way for their entrance, a large Romulan invasion force headed for Vulcan. Pardek was later learned to be an agent of the conservative Romulan government, seeking to use Spock's initiative to cover the attempted Romulan invasion of Vulcan.
 Romulan WarBird When the true intents of the Romulan fleet were revealed, a Romulan warbird decloaked and destroyed the invasion force rather than allowing them to be captured by the Federation. Ambassador Spock to this day remains on Romulus, working towards his dream of one day reunifying Vulcans with Romulans. He continued his activities in the Romulan underground, and in 2369 helped arrange the defection of Romulan Vice-Proconsul M'Ret to the Federation. Spock indicated he believed the escape of M'Ret would help establish an escape route for other Romulan dissidents who lived in fear of their lives.
The deep split between Romulans and Vulcans has never been reconciled, but  Ambassador Spock continues to work in the underground movement of Romulus promoting a reunification of Romulans and Vulcans. Though the atmosphere is hostile to his teachings and the movement, it is his belief that the day may come when full reconciliation between the Romulans and Vulcans will be possible. "The inevitable evolution towards logic is taking place in Romulus," Ambassador Spock once said.
 
 
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