Homage to Apollinaire

Cover image (click here if you haven't already seen it)
Back to my postcards page I used Apollinaire as my guide on a visit to Paris. This web page is a homage to Apollinaire, in free verse format because that's how he wrote several of his poems.

The Mirabeau Bridge

Here is Apollinaire's poem Le Pont Mirabeau
with a translation and a musical setting by Jem Finer of the Pogues
The first verse and chorus of the poem are carved on the wall at the end of the bridge
When I passed it I saw that another poem was chalked on the wall beside it
it was a homage to Apollinaire signed jan elsv zylberstein
with a postscript
ne pas effacer merci
La pluie s'en occupe
or in English
please don't erase this
the rain will do it for you

From the Mirabeau Bridge I could see other bridges and the Eiffel Tower
Shepherdess o Eiffel Tower your flock of bridges bleats at the morning
said Apollinaire in Zone
(I'm quoting from this translation).


Marcel Duchamp

Apollinaire's poem Le Musicien de St-Merry describes a musician walking along a precise route in Paris
from the Boulevard de Sébastopol to the Rue de la Verrerrie
followed by admiring women
I decided to follow the musician's steps and see what happened
I found out afterwards that the Swedish poet Jesper Svenbro had had the same idea
Here's a translation of the poem he wrote about it
read it first

Just like Jesper Svenbro
I worked out that the fountain where the musician drank must now be
inside the Centre Beaubourg
but instead of giving up on the fountain I went into the Centre Beaubourg
and in a gallery right above where the fountain must have been in Apollinaire's time
there was a Fountain
Not just any fountain
but a reconstruction of Fountain by Marcel Duchamp
The fountain from which flows all the avant-garde art of the last eighty-five years

On the gallery wall beside the Fountain there was a title plaque giving a lot of information about it
A man was standing facing the wall reading this information
His hands were in front of him
He was bending down slightly because the plaque was below his eyelevel

Like Duchamp, Apollinaire wasn't afraid to use banal or profane material
His poem La Chanson du Mal-Aimé contains the memorable image
my heart is as big as the arse of a dame from Damascus
Duchamp started doing ready-mades after going on a trip to the Jura with Apollinaire and Francis Picabia
Here is Duchamp's Apolinère Enameled
and here is a computer mockup of the original enamel tin

After my visit to the Centre Beaubourg I continued down the route described in Apollinaire's poem
As I turned into the Rue de la Verrerie
a small clarinettist in a black poloneck jumper came out round the corner
playing as he walked

If you try following the route, tell me what you find.


Robert Delaunay

Robert Delaunay did a portrait of Apollinaire
a scribbly depiction of charismatic energy
Apollinaire wrote Les Fenêtres
for the catalogue to the exhibition of Robert Delaunay's beautiful Windows paintings
The poem ends
The window opens like an orange
the lovely fruit of the light


Henri "Le Douanier" Rousseau's vegetation

Apollinaire's Inscription pour le tombeau du peintre Henri Rousseau douanier
mentions the tropical forests with mangoes and bananas
that Henri "Le Douanier" Rousseau liked to paint

Here is Rousseau's portrait of Marie Laurencin and Apollinaire
with poetic vegetation
and here is a group portrait painted by Marie Laurencin
of Picasso, another artist, Apollinaire, herself, a dog and some vegetation
Apollinaire dedicated several poems to Marie Laurencin

Apollinaire's Dromadaire poem has something of the naïve charm of a Rousseau
It's from Bestiaire
a book he did in collaboration with Raoul Dufy
Dufy's woodcut has vegetation that looks a bit like Rousseau's to me

Rousseau had never been to the tropics
although his paintings were frequently set there
he swotted up on tropical plants in the library
Nowadays he'd just have to saunter down the boulevard to a restaurant like La Creole
where you eat surrounded by imported vegetation.


Pablo Picasso


Saltimbanques
as Apollinaire explains in his poem Un fantôme des nuées
are street acrobats or travelling circus artists
In that poem the saltimbanques are a metaphor for the new artists
in Picasso's Family of Saltimbanques the Harlequin is a self-portrait
and the paunchy bloke in red is a portrait of Apollinaire

The Rue Guillaume Apollinaire is right by the church of St-Germain-des-Prés
In the churchyard there's a memorial to Apollinaire
with a sculpture of Dora Maar
a substitute for Picasso's original plan
Here's a 30-inch maquette of the sculpture Picasso planned for Apollinaire's monument
The full-sized sculpture was intended to be a bit over ten feet tall
The committee planning the monument thought it too radical
too radical for a memorial to APOLLINAIRE
and turned it down
Committees

If you know exactly what you're going to do
what's the point of doing it

said Picasso
according to a postcard I bought on the Boulevard St-Michel
near Rue Guillaume Apollinaire
Apollinaire's house at number 202 Boulevard St-Michel was covered with scaffolding
A graffitist had drawn a big heart on it


The Surrealists

Apollinaire invented the word surréaliste
he used it about the kind of art he'd like
and André Breton chose to use that name for the Movement
Have a look at this portrait of Apollinaire by De Chirico
See that faint mark inside his head near the temple in the profile view
The painting was done in 1914
later that year Apollinaire went off to fight in the First World War
In 1916 he was hit on the head by fragments of an exploding shell
he was operated on that night and trepanned two months later in Paris
For the rest of his life he had a star-shaped scar on his temple
and wore a kind of bandage-turban
The painting is known as Portrait prémonitoire de Guillaume Apollinaire

I went to Rue Gros because Apollinaire lived there at one time
On the noticeboard at the front gate of the school at number 18 Rue Gros there was
a fantastic crayon drawing of a figure wearing a turban
with a star on its forehead
a row of hearts across its waist
enormous mauve feet and two pairs of eyes
I wished I'd taken a camera with me to Paris

Anagram virtuoso Richard Grantham found this one of Apollinaire's official name
Guillaume Apollinaire de Kostrowitsky = Poem guy I know (Surrealist, a lot like Dali)
Here is a portrait by Avida Dollars
on the slip cover to his artwork Secret Poems by Guillaume Apollinaire


At Apollinaire's Grave

At Apollinaire's Grave is a poem by Allen Ginsberg
The war didn't kill Apollinaire
he died close to Armistice Day in the 1918 world-wide flu epidemic
aged thirty-eight

We went to the grave in the Père-Lachaise graveyard where Apollinaire and his wife Jacqueline are buried
I brought a bright flame-red flower which I thought would suit him
Flowering Sage
When we reached the grave
we discovered that there's a poem carved on the tombstone that mentions a flame
the heart poem from Coeur Coronne et Miroir
Here's a translation of the poem

                            d  F              y  H
                       e          l       M           e
                     t              a   e                 a
                    r                 m                  r
                     e                                  t
                        v                            I
                           n                      s
                               I               L
                                   n        i
                                     A  k
                                       e

Most of the visual poems I've ever seen are rubbish
Apollinaire's aren't
I think the heart poem isn't just a visual pun
on the shape of the heart being a flame shape upside-down
it's also about your heart burning inside you
because it can't send its warmth and light outwards to the one you love

It seems we were mistaken
there's a photo on the official Apollinaire site which seems to prove conclusively
that the heart on the tombstone is exactly Apollinaire's heart poem
Nevertheless he said the poem I remember seeing on the tomb ended with ren not renversée
and when I checked the copy I'd sketched quickly in my notebook in the graveyard it agreed
that the verse was cut off
like death did to Apollinaire

Here's another visual poem by Apollinaire
this version is more readable but it's lost the original visuals
the title Il Pleut means it's raining
or he's crying
I'd like to see a slowly-scrolling Internet version of this as a virtual war memorial


Alcohols

Apollinaire used to get enamelled in the Closerie des Lilas
which now has brass nameplates on its tables engraved with names of its famous ex-customers
Our table's nameplate listed four artists
but none of them were Apollinaire
Table to the left: Sam Beckett
Table to the right: no nameplate but a white frizzy poodle
Some customers left who had been at a table by the window
I got up and sneaked a glance at their nameplate while the way was clear
bingo!
Guillaume Apollinaire

I know ze rules but I dern't like to follow zem
the Parisian at Beckett's table was saying
she was talking in English
rather loudly
I know ze rules but sometimes if you follow zem you can lose your personalité


Marc Chagall

Here is a maleandfemale Homage to Apollinaire by Chagall
with a heart in the bottom left-hand corner
I think the hermaphrodite figure might be a reference to Apollinaire's theatre piece Les Mamelles de Tirésias
in which a man dresses as a woman and gives birth to thousands of children in a single day
Some critics say Mamelles is all about bisexuality
but I disagree; it's not one of his erotic works
I reckon it's about artistic fecundity

Jean Cocteau said that there are some poems by Apollinaire in which even the numbers are untranslatable Á Travers L'Europe might be one of the ones he was thinking of
However, the images in that poem of
the round house with a red herring flying past
the calf looking out of its mother's belly
the refugee going across Europe dressed in little multicoloured fires
all sound like translations of Chagall paintings to me

Perhaps the round house was La Ruche
the rundown building where Chagall and other artists had their studios?
La Ruche was circular
Chagall remembered cutting a herring in two when he was nearly penniless at La Ruche
eating the head one day and the tail the next

A Travers L'Europe mentions a man in the air
but not Chagall's recurring image of lovers flying
When Chagall left Paris he left Les Amoureux behind in his studio
He saw it later in an American museum with traces of feathers on it
It had been used in La Ruche to cover the chicken coop


Come to the Edge

Apollinaire didn't write the poem with the first line Come to the Edge
despite the enormous number of websites that claim he did
Christopher Logue wrote it ABOUT Apollinaire.

How did Apollinaire do it?
How did he make so many artists come to the edge and fly
in so many genres?
How in a short life did he influence everyone I've mentioned
and also Aragon, Braque, Cendrars, Derain, Jarry, Léger and Marinetti
all of whom knew him well (according to Michel Décaudin)
and many more besides - not to mention the dance soliloquy
the Japanese café
the song by Pham Duy
and the translations by Darren Wershler-Henry?

Well I don't know
but it helped that he wasn't a purist
he cheered on any style that was new, creative
and neither realism nor unanchored fantasy
anything flying off the edge

And I'm sure it was important that Apollinaire was a good friend
Max Jacob said they laughed together enormously
that their evenings of laughter were his most beautiful memories
The Official Apollinaire website has a film of Apollinaire talking with his friend André Rouveyre
Film was a new experimental medium then
The film moves slowly
frame by frame
but you can tell they were enjoying themselves

What would Apollinaire be doing now?
Seems obvious to me:
Internet art
Creative, collaborative, international, multimedia, and at the edge.


Copyright and Credits

Copyright Miranda Mowbray 2003. You're welcome to copy or distribute this work for non-commercial purposes, provided this notice remains attached.
Thanks to Jeremy, and to Stewart Cauley who gave me my first book by Apollinaire.