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So, without further ado...
His face has been pretty much blown off, but that is Ben Siegel. Mr. Siegel didn't do a very good job getting The Flamingo going in Las Vegas, so the National Crime Syndicate passed a death sentence on him in 1946 at the Havana Conference. The key vote was cast by Meyer Lansky, one of Siegel's lifelong friends. Historians disagree as to who did the job, but the best guess is that Frankie Carbo handled the hit.
"The Cigar Problem," as Carmine Galante was known, was killed in 1979. At the time, he was boss of the Bonnano Family, and he was considered to be the toughest boss in New York (after Carlo Gambino died, anyway). It is not known who murdered Galante, but a man was heard yelling, "Get him Sal!" right before he was blasted with a shotgun, cigar still in his mouth.
Albert Anastasia violated a cardinal rule of the national syndicate when he ordered the hit of Arnold Schuster, a Brooklyn salesman. Ben Siegel once said, "We only kill each other," meaning honest lawmen and ordinary citizens were not to be touched. There are two thoughts of who may have had him killed. One school says the order came from Meyer Lansky, who became angry when Anastasia wanted to cut in on Lansky's gambling activities in Cuba. So Lansky allowed Vito Genovese to have the hit carried out.
The other school of thought says that Carlo Gambino, who had risen to the rank of capo in the Mangano Family, would never be able to rise above Anastasia, who was then the underboss of the Family. So in order to improve his chances of being boss, Gambino had Anastasia hit.
Paul Castellano, former boss of the Gambino Family, was a gangster who thought he was a businessman. As a result, he was very much unprepared when he was killed in 1985 outside the Sparks Steak House in Manhattan. There are a number of reasons why Castellano was killed, among them the fact that he was under indictment for racketeering, and other members of the family feared that he might rat to save his skin. He also missed the funeral of Aniello Dellacroce, a sign of disrespect, and he also was planning to split up John Gotti's crew. Castellano should've just had Gotti killed because, as you can see, Gotti's men eventually got to the boss, paving the way for Gotti to become head of the Gambino Family.
Another violator of the rule that says you don't kill honest lawmen. Dutch Schultz was out to get Thomas E. Dewey. He had been warned by Lucky Luciano and others not to kill Dewey, but Schultz wouldn't hear of it. Well, in the Mafia, you usually only get one warning, and Luciano, realizing the amount of heat that mob would draw if Dewey was assassinated, had Schultz hit first. Charles "The Bug" Workman shot Schultz at a Newark, New Jersey chop house; he lingered two days before dying. Workman was later convicted of the murder and did 23 years.