CONIFERALES

Coniferales are branching woody plants. They have pycnoxylic wood, with tracheids with large uniseriate rarely multiseriate pits in radial walls. Resin canals can be found in their leaves, cortex, and sometimes in wood. The leaves are spirally arranged or opposite or rarely whorled. Unisexual cones are their reproductive organs. Female cones are fundamentally compound, their a main axis with few to indefinite bract-scales, each subtending, or fused with one ovuliferous scale (secondary fertile axis with fertile and sterile appendages). Male cones are simple, usually with many scale-like microsporophylls with two to indefinite fused or free pollen saces. Embryos have two to indefinite cotyledons.

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