Malaysia consists of 13 states and two federal territories of Kuala Lumpur and Labuan. Nine of the states have a hereditary ruler. The Monarch, the Yang Dipertuan Agong is elected every five years from among the hereditary rulers. The Government is based on parlimentary democracy. The Prime Minister heads the Cabinet of Ministers.


Climate

Malaysia is a tropical country. The climate is warm and humid throughtout the year. Temperatures range from 21C-32C. There are rainy periods, but these should not dampen visitors, as there is always plenty of sunshine. Light, cool and casual clothing is recommended all year round.

Malaysia is multi-racial country with a population of approximately 21 million. This consists of the main races- Malays, Chinese, Indian and numerous indigenous groups such as the Ibans, Dayaks, Kadazans, Bidayuhs and Muruts to name a few. Integration which has been nurtured through tolerance and respect for one another, is evident in the celebration of festivals- religious or ethnic. Malaysian culture is a healthy mix of diverse distinct cultures, its own indigenous practices intermingling with Islamic, Chinese, Indian and Western values. This has brought about a fascinating potpourri of customs, songs and dances.


Religions

Islam is the official religion but Buddhism, Taoism, Hinduism, Cristianity and other religions are practised freely. Mosques, temples and churches stand side by side testifying to the harmony that prevails in the country.

The Malay language, more popularly known as Bahasa Malaysia, is the national language of the country. English, as the second language is widely used, especially in business. Most Malaysians understand and speak English.


Festivals

Malaysians enjoy a variety of festivals, a reflection of the country's multi-religious character. Each festival provides an opportunity for Malaysian to strengten their relationships and promote harmony. These festivals are very colourful and potray the spirit of unity and togetherness. It is a common practise for Malaysian to hold an 'open house' during these festivals.The major festivals are:-

Aidilfitri (known as Hari Raya Puasa) is celebrated by Muslims after long month-long fast of Ramadhan. The celebration starts with draw prayer congregation at dawn in the mosques followed by exchange of forgiveness by family members. By mid-morning, the Muslims are ready to reice their well-wishers.

Chinese New Year- Family reunion dinners are a must among Chinese on the eve of the New Year. Angpows or red-packets with gift of cash are given out to children and those who are still single, while mandarin oranges are exchanged for good-will and prosperity.

Deepavali- This is Festival of Lights. It marks the triumph of good over evil. Hindu homes are brightly lit with oil lamps to symbolise this triumph.

Malaysia is a gourmet's delight, with its variety of food. It is said that in Malaysia, no one goes hungry. Some shops would be open no matter whwt time is it. in the cities, there are many 24-hour eating outlets. The choices of what to eat are countless. Varieties of Malay, Chinese and Indian styles of cooking are availble at homes and in restaurants. Popular Malaysia dishes include satay, nasi lemak, lemang, rendang, roti canai, murtabak,chicken rice and fried noodles.


Costumes

There are numerous costumes of Malaysians because of diverse cultures of the nation. The Malays, Indians, Chinese and indigenous groups each have their traditional costumes. Daily attire for ladies includes baju kurung, baju kebaya, dresses, skirts, blouse and pants, whilst the men wear shirts and pants.

Malaysians have inherited centuries of cultures, traditions and moral values. Over the years, they have adapted and modified the adat or traditions to suit local situations. Each ethnic group has its own customs, passed down through generations. Yet it is not uncommon to find some traditions that are practised by all.
# Respect for elders is common trait. One never raise one's voice when speaking to the elders.
# When entering a house, footwear should be removed.
# When food and drinks are offered, always accept it with the right hand.
# It is rude not to finish a drink that has been offered, when visiting a household.
# Intimacy in public is not acceptable behaviour.


Accomodation

Malaysia has wide range of accomodation at competitive rates. International standard hotel, medium and budget hotels, youth hostels timeshare apartments are available. At room in an international costs RM250.00 and above per night whilst aroom in a medium budget hotel costs RM100.00 per night. The cost of rooms at youth hostels are as low as RM20.00.