Chapter 28

1. List the characteristics of protists.
2. Explain why some biologists prefer to use the term undulipodia for eukaryotic flagella and cilia.
3. Briefly summarize and compare the two major models of eukaryotic origins, the autogenous hypothesis and the endosymbiotic hypothesis.
4. Provide three major lines of evidence for the endosymbiotic hypothesis.
5. Explain why some critics are skeptical about the bacterial origins for chloroplasts and mitochondria.
6. Explain why modern biologists recommend expanding the original boundaries of the Kingdom Protista.
7. Explain what is meant by the statement that the Kingdom Protista is a polyphyletic group.
8. List five candidate kingdoms of protists and describe a major feature of each.
9. Describe amoeboid movement.
10. Outline the life cycle of Plasmodium.
11. Indicate the organism that causes African sleeping sickness and explain how it is spread and why it is difficult to control.
12. Describe the function of contractile vacuoles in freshwater ciliates.
13. Distinguish between macronuclei and micronuclei.
14. Using diagrams, describe conjugation in Paramecium caudatum.
15. Explain how accessory pigments can be used to classify algae and determine phylogenetic relationships among divisions.
16. Distinguish among the following algal groups based upon pigments, cell wall components, storage products, reproduction, number and position of flagella, and habitat: a. Dinoflagellata b. Bacillariophyta c. Chrysophyta d. Phaeophyta e. Rhodophyta f. Chlorophyta
17. Describe three possible evolutionary trends that led to multicellularity in the Chlorophyta.
18. Outline the life cycles of Chlamydomonas, Ulva, and Laminaria and indicate whether the stages are haploid or diploid.
19. Distinguish between isogamy and oogamy; sporophyte and gametophyte; and isomorphic and heteromorphic generations.
20. Compare the life cycles of plasmodial and cellular slime molds and describe the major differences between them.
21. Provide evidence that the oomycetes are not closely related to true fungi.
22. Give examples of oomycetes and describe their economic importance.
23. Explain the most widely accepted hypothesis for the evolution of multicellularity.