Chapter 33
1. From a diagram, identify the parts of a sponge and describe the function of each including the spongocoel, porocyte, epidermis, choanocyte, mesohyl, amoebocyte, osculum, and spicule.
2. List characteristics of the phylum Cnidaria that distinguish it from the other animal phyla.
3. Describe the two basic body plans in Cnidaria and their role in Cnidarian life cycles.
4. List the three classes of Cnidaria and distinguish among them based upon life cycle and morphological characteristics.
5. List characteristics of the phylum Ctenophora that distinguish it from the other animal phyla.
6. List characteristics that are shared by all bilaterally symmetrical animals.
7. List characteristics of the phylum Platyhelminthes that distinguish it from the other animal phyla.
8. Distinguish among the four classes of Platyhelminthes and give examples of each.
9. Describe the generalized life cycle of a trematode and give an example of one fluke that parasitizes humans.
10. Describe the anatomy and generalized life cycle of a tapeworm.
11. List distinguishing characteristics descriptive of the phylum Nemertea.
12. Explain why biologists believe proboscis worms evolved from flatworms.
13. Describe features of digestive and circulatory systems that have evolved in the Nemertea and are not found in other acoelomate phyla.
14. Describe unique features of rotifers that distinguish them from other pseudocoelomates.
15. Define parthenogenesis and describe alternative forms of rotifer reproduction.
16. List characteristics of the phylum Nematoda that distinguish it from other pseudocoelomates.
17. Give examples of both parasitic and free-living species of nematodes.
18. List characteristics that distinguish the phylum Mollusca from the other animal phyla.
19. Describe the basic body plan of a mollusk and explain how it has been modified in the Polyplacophora, Gastropoda, Bivalvia, and Cephalopoda.
20. Distinguish among the following four Molluscan classes and give examples of each:
a. Polyplacophora b. Gastropoda c. Bivalvia d. Cephalopoda
21. Explain why some zoologists believe the mollusks evolved from ancestral annelids while others propose that mollusks arose from flatworm-like ancestors.
22. List characteristics that distinguish the phylum Annelida from the other animal phyla.
23. Explain how a fluid-filled septate coelom is used by annelids for burrowing.
24. Distinguish among the classes of annelids and give examples of each.
25. List characteristics of arthropods that distinguish them from the other animal phyla.
26. Describe advantages and disadvantages of an exoskeleton.
27. Distinguish between hemocoel and coelom.
28. Provide evidence for an evolutionary link between the Annelida and Arthropoda.
29. Describe major independent arthropod lines of evolution represented by the subphyla:
a. Trilobitomorpha b. Cheliceriformes c. Crustacea d. Uniramia
30. Explain what arthropod structure was a preadaptation for living on land.
31. Distinguish among the following arthropod classes and give an example of each:
a. Arachnida b. Crustacea c. Diplopoda d. Chilopoda e. Insecta
32. Distinguish between incomplete metamorphosis and complete metamorphosis.
33. Define lophophore and list three lophophorate phyla.
34. Explain why lophophorates are difficult to assign as protostomes or deuterostomes.
35. List at least four characteristics shared by the deuterostome phyla that distinguish them from protostomes.
36. List characteristics of echinoderms that distinguish them from other animal phyla.
37. Describe the structures and function of a water vascular system, including ring canal, radial canal, tube feet and ampulla.
38. Distinguish among the classes of echinoderms and give examples of each.