CHAPTER 11, MENDELIAN PATTERNS OF INHERITANCE QUIZ

Due: Monday, October 27, 2003

_____1. What aspect of Mendel's background gave him the necessary tools to discover the laws of inheritance?
a) He was a monk.
b) He was a teacher.
c) He lived in Austria.
d) He had studied mathematics and probability.
e) He corresponded with Charles Darwin.

_____2. What is the blending theory of inheritance?
a) Mendel's theory of how the traits of parents are passed to offspring through gametes.
b) Darwin's theory of how traits are passed from all parts of the parent's body into gamete to be transmitted to
  the offspring.
c) the modern theory of how genetic information is passed from parents to offspring.
d) an old theory that said that the offspring show traits intermediate between those of parents.

_____3. Which characteristic of pea plants was Not important in their selection as Mendel's research organism?
a) Most other scientists of the time were also using peas, so a lot was known about them.
b) Peas are easy to cultivate.
c) Pea plants have a short generation time.
d) Pea plants are self pollinating but can be cross fertilized easily.

_____4. In a Mendelian monohybrid cross, which generation is always completely heterozygous?
a) F1 generation      b) F2 generation      c) F3 generation      d) P generation

_____5. In a Mendelian monohybrid cross, which generation is always completely homozygous?
a) F1 generation      b) F2 generation      c) F3 generation      d) P generation

_____6. If a pea plant shows a recessive phenotype?
a) it can be either TT or tt.
b) it can be either Tt or tt.
c) it can only be TT.
d) it can only be tt.
e) it can be TT, Tt, or tt.

_____7. The symbol "F" in the results of a testcross stands for
a) dominant
b) recessive
c) first trait to show up
d) "faulty" or unexpected results
e) filial

_____8. The F2 offspring of a monohybrid cross would show the genotype(s)
a) AA and Aa      b) Aa and aa      c) AA, Aa, and aa        d) AA only        e) Aa only

_____9. The F1 offspring of a monohybrid cross would show the genotype(s)
a) AA and Aa      b) Aa and aa      c) AA, Aa, and aa        d) AA only        e) Aa only

_____10. The offspring of a monohybrid testcross would show the genotype(s)
a) AA and Aa      b) Aa and aa      c) AA, Aa, and aa        d) AA only        e) Aa only

_____11. In which kind of cross would you expect to find a ration of 3.1 among the F2 offspring?
a) monohybrid cross      b) dihybrid cross         c) test cross           d) None of the above.

_____12. Which is Not true according to Mendel's law of segregation?
a) Each individual contains two factors for each trait.
b) One factor must be dominant and one factor recessive in each individual.
c) Factors separate from each other during gamete formation.
d) Each gamete contains one copy of each factor.
e) Fertilization restores the presence of two factors.

_____13. A reciprocal cross would be
a) between a homozygous recessive individual and a homozygous dominant one with respect to one pair of traits.
b) between a homozygous recessive individual and a homozygous dominant one with respect to two pairs of traits.
c) between a homozygous recessive male and a homozygous dominant female, and a separate cross between
   a homozygous dominant male and a homozygous recessive female.
d) self fertilization of an F2 plant.
e) self fertilization of an F1 plant

_____14. If you had two guinea pigs of opposite sex, both homozygous, one black and one brown, but you didn't know
which was the dominant characteristic, how would you find out the dominant color?
a) Mate them together and see what color the offspring are - that will be the dominant color.
b) Mate them together and see what color the offspring are - the other will be the dominant color.
c) Mate them together, then mate their offspring to see what color the grandchildren are - that will be the
  dominant color.
d) Mate them together, then mate their offspring to see what color the grandchildren are - the other color will be
   the dominant color.

_____15. The Greek root word for allele means
a) gene     b) hereditary       c) mathematical         d) parallel or reciprocal       e) different

_____16. What are alleles?
a) genes for different traits, such as hair color or eye color.
b) alternative forms of a gene for a single trait, such as blue eyes or brown eyes.
c) the location of genes on a chromosome
d) recessive forms of a kind of characteristic carried by genes.
e) dominant forms of a kind of characteristic carried by genes.

_____17. In which kind of cross would you expect to find exactly the anticipated ration every time the cross is made?
a) monohybrid cross        b) dihybrid cross        c) test cross           d) None of above.

_____18. Mendel obtain plants that were pure for particular traits by
a) growing plants from the seeds of other plants that showed that trait.
b) discarding plants that showed other traits.
c) allowing plants to self pollinate for several generations.
d) allowing plants to cross pollinate for one generation.

_____19. When Mendel crossed a strain of tall pea plants with a strain of short pea plants, he observed that all the
plants in the F1 generation were tall. This suggest that
a) the tall was controlled by a dominant trait.
b) the short was controlled by a dominant trait.
c) both traits were controlled by a recessive trait.
d) the strain of short pea plants was not capable of pollinating the strain of tall plants.

_____20. When alleles for different characteristics as on separate chromosomes, they are distributed to gametes
independently. This observation is summarized by the law of
a) cross pollination         b) independent assortment        c) segregation        d) molecular genetics
 

_____21. The appearance of an organism is its
a) genotype         b) phenotype         c) genotype ration          d) phenotype ratio

_____22. In a dihybrid cross between an individual with the genotype RRYY and an individual with the genotype rryy,
all of the offspring will have the genotype
a) RRYY        b) RrYY        c) RrYy        d) rryy         e) rrYY

_____23. A heterozygous individual would have the following genotype.
a) pp           b) YY             c) Zz

_____24. Segregation of alleles occurs during
a) mitosis      b) meiosis       c) fertilization        d) pollination

_____25. If two parents with dominant phenotypes produce an offspring with a recessive phenotype, then probably
a) both parents are heterozygous                               c) one parent is heterozygous
b) both parents are homozygous                                d) one parent is homozygous

_____26. Mendel called a trait that did Not show in a hybrid a(n)
a) parental trait       b) codominant trait          c) dominant trait          d) recessive trait

_____27. What are different versions of a gene for the same trait?
a) alleles          b) phenotypes         c) dihybrid         d) pure breeds

_____28. The law of segregation states that, during meiosis, each pair of alleles
a) stick together      b) is tripled         c) separates         d) becomes pure bred

_____29. An allele that expresses itself in a hybrid is a(n)
a) recessive allele         b) independent assortment         c) allele pair          d) dominant allele

_____30. The law of independent assortment states what?
a) Gene pairs sort randomly and independently from each other.
b) Gene pairs sort always in the same order.
c) Half of an organism's gametes have one allele per pair.
d) One allele is always dominant.

_____31. The actual genetic makeup of an organism is called its
a) phenotype         b) homozygous type       c) heterozygous type         d) genotype

_____32. An organism in which two alleles for a trait are different is
a) heterozygous         b) homozygous        c) genotypic       d) phenotypic

_____33. Punnett squares are grids that show
a) the phenotype of offspring
b) actual results of a genetic cross
c) all possible results of a genetic cross
d) only dihybrid crosses

_____34. Mendel obtain this P generation by allowing the plants to
a) self pollinate     b) cross pollinate       c) assort independently          d) segregate

_____35. The phenotype of an organism
a) represents its genetic composition
b) reflects all the traits that are actually expressed
c) occurs only in dominant pure organisms
d) cannot be seen

_____36. If an individual possesses two recessive alleles for the same trait, the individual is said to be
a) homozygous for the trait     b) haploid for the trait      c) heterozygous for the trait    d) mutated

_____37. A genetic trait that appears in every generation of offspring is called
a) dominant         b) phenotypic        c) recessive         d) superior

_____38. The law of segregation states that
a) alleles of a gene separate from each other during meiosis
b) different alleles of a gene can never be found in the same organism
c) each gene of an organism ends up in a different gamete
d) each gene is found on a different molecule of DNA

_____39. The difference between a monohybrid cross and dihybrid cross is that
a) monohybrid crosses involve traits for which only one allele exists, while dihybrid traits involve two alleles.
b) monohybrid crosses involve self pollination, while dihybrid crosses involve cross pollination
c) monohybrid crosses involve one gene, dihybrid crosses involve two genes.
d) dihybrid crosses require two Punnett squares, monohybrid crosses need only one.

_____40. A cross of two individuals for a single contrasting trait is called
a) monohybrid        b) dihybrid           c) dominant            d) codominant

_____41. Which of the following best describes the parents in a testcross?
a) One individual has the dominant phenotype and the other has the recessive phenotype.
b) Both individuals are heterozygous.
c) Both individuals have a dominant phenotype.
d) Both individuals have the recessive phenotype.
e) Both individuals have an unknown phenotype.

_____42. If "A" represents a dominant allele and "a" represents the recessive allele, what are the genotypes of the
parents that produce 300 progeny with the dominant gene and 100 progeny with the recessive gene?
a) AA x AA        b) AA x Aa         c) AA x aa         d) Aa x aa          e) Aa x Aa

_____43. In peas the trait for tall plants is dominant (T) and the trait for short plants is recessive (t). The trait for yellow
seed color is dominant (Y) and the trait for green seed color is recessive (y). A cross between two plants results in 296 tall
yellow plants and 104 tall green plants. Which of the following are most likely to be the genotypes of parents?
a) TTYY x TTYY
b) TTyy x TTYy
c) TtYy x TtYy
d) TtYy x TTYy
e) TtYY x Ttyy

_____44. In horses, chestnut coat is dominant to black coat, and trotting gait is dominant to pacing. A horse that was hybrid
for both traits would have the genotype CcTt. If a horse who is a chestnut pacer is bred several times to a black trotter, and
they always have chestnut trotters and black trotters, what are the genotypes of the parents?
a) CcTT x ccTT
b) CcTt x ccTt
c) CCTT x Cctt
d) Cctt x ccTT
e) Cctt x ccTt

_____45. Alternative versions of the same gene are called
a) copies          b) replicates         c) homologues         d) alleles             e) rads

_____46. When an organism has two copies of the same allele it is said to be
a) homozygous          b) heterozygous          c) hemizygous           d) zygotic          e) replicative

_____47. When an organism has two different alleles of the same gene it is said to be
a) homozygous          b) heterozygous          c) hemizygous           d) zygotic          e) replicative

_____48. Different alleles
a) are alternative versions of the same gene.
b) specify different proteins.
c) may have an influence on the phenotype.
d) represent differences in the genotype.
e) All of the above.

_____49. Breeding two genetically distinct organisms is called
a) promiscuity      b) randomization    c) cross breeding     d) cross pollination      e) asexual reproduction

_____50. A convenient graphical method for determining all of the possible combinations of gamete alleles in a cross is called a(n)
a) dichotomous key       b) intercalation          c) pedigree chart        d) Punnett square        e) phenogram