CHAPTER 14, DNA STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION QUIZ

_____1. Which is Not a major function of the genetic material?
a) store information                        c) catalyze chemical reactions
b) replicate itself                            d) undergo mutations

_____2. DNA was discarded as a possible candidate for the genetic material because
a) with only four types of nucleotides, it was a very simple, repetitive molecule that could not account for 20 different amino acids.
b) is had been shown that proteins were more important in transferring genetic information than nucleic acids.
c) proteins and carbohydrates were of more interest.
d) it was thought that RNA was more likely to be the genetic material.

_____3. The process of transformation in bacteria involves
a) transfer of genes for making a mucous capsule.
b) infection with a virus called bacteriophage.
c) production of a cancer cell.
d) the matting of two different kinds of live bacteria.

_____4. DNA was first proven to be the transforming factor on bacterial cells by
a) Meischer    b) Watson and Crick    c) Griffin    d) McClintock     e) Avery

_____5. Hershey and Chase experimented with radioactively labeled phosphorus and sulfur to determine that DNA and not
protein is the genetic material. Which of the following was essential to this confirming experiment?
a) Sulfur is present in amino acids in the protein coat of bacteria.
b) Phosphorus is present in high amounts in DNA.
c) Sulfur is not present in DNA.
d) Phosphorus is not present in amino acids in the protein coat of bacteria.
e) All of the above were critical to demonstrating DNA is involved in genetic material.

_____6. DNA was proven to be the transforming substance when only the _____ enzymes could inhibit transformation.
a) proteinase        b) RNase       c) DNase           d) lipase

_____7. One of Chargaff's rules state
a) A + T = G + C     b) A + G = T + C     c) A = G, T = C     d) A = C, T = G

_____8. The amount of adenine is always equal to the amount of ____ in DNA.
a) cytosine     b) uracil      c) guanine       d) thymine      e) ATP

_____9. The x-ray diffraction photography of Rosalind Franklin and Maurice was critical evidence of DNA
a) indicating that DNA has a double helix structure.
b) showing equal number of purines and pyrimidines.
c) showing the bases of DNA were held together by hydrogen bonds.
d) revealing the structure of the deoxyribose sugar.
e) of the location of each adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine.

_____10. In the Watson and Crick model of DNA, the "steps" of the ladder are composed of
a) sugars
b) a purine and a pyrimidine
c) two purines
d) two pyrimidines
e) a sugar and a phosphate molecule

_____11. Which of the following statements about DNA replication is Not correct?
a) Unwinding of the DNA molecule occurs as hydrogen bonds break.
b) Replication occurs as each base is paired with another exactly like it.
c) The process is known as semiconservative replication because one old strand is conserved in the new molecule.
d) The enzyme that catalyzes DNA replication is DNA polymerase.
e) Complementary base pairs are held together with hydrogen bonds.

_____12. Because one original strand of the double stranded helix is found in each daughter cell,
 the replication process is called
a) proofreading     b) semiconservative     c) redundant     d) freeing DNA     e) mutation positive

_____13. Which does Not describe a function of the DNA polymerase molecule?
a) recognize the free nucleotide that pairs with the base on the template strand of DNA
b) read the strand of template DNA and recognize the base there
c) proofread to ensure that the proper base has been incorporated
d) make the proper nucleotide to match with the base read on the template strand
e) cut out an improperly paired nucleotide and replace it with the proper one

_____14. Which statement is Not true about DNA replication?
a) It proceeds in a 5' to 3' direction only.
b) One strand of new DNA is replicated faster than the other strand at the replication fork.
c) DNA can only replicate at one point on a chromosome at one time.
d) It occurs more rapidly in bacteria than in eukaryotes.
e) Replication can only begin at a special origin of replication.

_____15. Which statement is Not correct about the repetitive DNA sequence?
a) They are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
b) Highly repetitive DNA is repeated 100,000 to 1 million times per cell.
c) Repetitive DNA separates regions that direct the synthesis of proteins.
d) The number of repeats of highly repetitive DNA in an individual is used in DNA fingerprinting.
e) Moderately repetitive DNA is seen in genes that code for ribosomal RNA.

_____16. Which statement is Not true about DNA replication in prokaryotes?
a) Replication begins at a single origin of replication.
b) Replication is bidirectional from the origin(s).
c) Replication occurs at about 1 million base pairs per minute.
d) Since bacterial cells replicate so rapidly, a second round of replication may begin before the first has completed.
e) There are numerous different bacterial chromosomes, with replication occurring in each at the same time.

_____17. Which statement is Not true about DNA replication in eukaryotes?
a) Replication of the entire genome takes about ten minutes.
b) A replication fork occurs at each growing point of the replicating chromosome(s).
c) Eukaryotes have numerous different chromosomes, with replication occurring in each at the same time.
d) Replication occurs at the rate of about 500 - 5000 base pairs per minute.
e) Multiple sites of replication are present on each chromosome.

_____18. The two strands of a DNA molecule are held together by
a) ionic bonds    b) covalent bonds    c) peptide bonds     d) hydrogen bonds

_____19. According to the base pairing rules, guanine binds with
a) cytosine    b) adenine    c) thymine     d) guanine

_____20. During DNA replication, the enzyme DNA polymerase
a) separates the two nucleotide chains of a DNA molecule.
b) constructs new nucleotide chains that are complementary to the chains in the original DNA molecule.
c) breaks down the original DNA molecule into individual nucleotides.
d) joins two DNA molecules into a single molecule.

_____21. If the sequence of nucleotides in one chain of a DNA molecule is T-C-A-A-G-C, a new
nucleotide chain will be produced during replication with the complementary sequence
a) T-C-A-A-G-C      b) A-G-T-T-C-G      c) C-T-G-G-A-T       d) G-A-C-C-T-A

_____22. Complementary base pairing links
a) amino acids    b) nitrogen containing bases    c) phosphate groups    d) proteins

_____23. Damage to DNA is usually repaired by
a) purines    b) nucleotides     c) enzymes      d) replication forks

_____24. During replication, the two strands of DNA separate at a point called a(n)
a) helicase       b) purines     c) replication fork      d) phosphate group

_____25. Each nucleotide in a DNA molecule is constructed of
a) a sulfur group, a five carbon sugar molecule, and a nitrogen base.
b) a phosphate group, a six carbon sugar, and a nitrogen base.
c) a phosphate group, a five carbon sugar, and a oxygen base.
d) a phosphate group, a five carbon sugar, and a nitrogen base.

_____26. In DNA replication,
a) each new single helix is composed of 50 percent protein and 50 percent DNA protein.
b) each new triple helix is composed of one old DNA strand and two new DNA strands.
c) each new double helix is composed of one old protein strand and one new protein strand.
d) each new double helix is composed of one old DNA strand and one new DNA strand.

_____27. Which of the following is a pyrimidine base?
a) adenine    b) guanine    c) thymine    d) colchicines      e) None of the above.

_____28. Which of the following is Not one of the four bases that makes up DNA?
a) adenine      b) uracil     c) guanine    d) cytosine     e) thymine

_____29. The diameter of the DNA ladder is always
a) 3.0 nm      b) 2.0 nm     c) 1.5 nm     d) 2.5 nm    e) 3.4 nm

_____30. Each complete turn of the DNA helix is how long?
a) 3.0 nm    b) 2.0 nm    c) 3.4 nm    d) 2.1 nm     d) 5.0 nm

_____31. Which of the following is a purine base?
a) cytosine    b) thymine    c) adenine     d) malomine     e) All of the above.

_____32. The structure of DNA is most like a
a) figure eight    b) double triangle    c) double helix    d) double ellipse    e) None of the above.

_____33. Which of the following is Not a proper base pairing for DNA?
a) A – C    b) T – G     c) C – A     d) G – T     e) All of the above.

_____34. Griffin did an experiment in which live R bacteria was changed by dead S bacteria.
Such a change is an example of
a) translocation      b) transduction    c) fertilization    d) transformation

_____35. Chargaff's rule state that in DNA, the amount of adenine equals
a) the amount of cytosine                                       c) the amount guanine
b) the amount of thymine                                       d) the amount of guanine and thymine

_____36. Rosalind Franklin helped reveal the structure of DNA by using
a) X-ray crystallography   b) cytosine analysis    c) centrifuge analysis     d) bacteriaphages

_____37. The correct structure of DNA is a(n)
a) double helix    b) diamond    c) octagon     d) single strand

_____38. The term replication refers to DNA's ability to
a) respond to X-ray photography                      c) attack bacteriaphages
b) make copies of itself                                     d) twist into a helix

_____39. Which is Not a characteristic of DNA?
a) cytosine
b) long strands of nucleotides
c) a "backbone" of sugar and phosphate
d) uracil
e) double helix

_____40. The direction of replication of DNA is
a) 5' to 3'    b) 3' to 5'    c) 5' to 5'     d) 3' to 3'     e) variable

_____41. If a change is made when DNA copies itself, a ________ results.
a) clone     b) death     c) mutation      d) base pair

_____42. A section of DNA with bases A-T-T-C-G-C will line up with bases
a) T-A-A-G-G-C                          c) A-T-T-C-G-C
b) T-A-A-G-C-G                          d) T-A-A-G-C-C