Parkinson's Disease Basics Parkinson's disease is a chronic progressive
neurological disease that affects a small area of nerve cells (neurons) in an
area of the brain known as the substantia nigra. [image of area of brain
affected] These cells normally produce dopamine, a chemical (neurotransmitter)
that transmits signals between areas in the brain that, when working normally,
coordinate smooth and balanced muscle movement. Parkinson's disease causes these
nerve cells to die, and as a result, body movements are affected
Early symptoms of Parkinson's disease are usually mild and generally occur gradually. You may have fatigue or a general sense of uneasiness. You may feel a slight tremor or have difficulty standing. Some may notice that their speech has become softer or that their handwriting has changed. You may forget a word or thought and have feelings of depression or anxiety. Generally, friends and family may begin to notice the changes before you do. They often notice the stiffening or lack of movement, or the absence of facial expression ("masked face") seen in Parkinson's disease.
As the disease progresses, it begins to interrupt daily activities. It is important to note that not all people with Parkinson's disease experience the full range of symptoms; in fact, most people with Parkinson's have mild, non-intrusive symptoms. Muscle Rigidity. Rigidity is the inability for the muscles to relax normally. Rigidity is seen when the doctor moves an arm or leg. Rarely, people with Parkinson's will feel stiff. Most people with the disease develop some degree of rigidity, or stiffness of limbs. This rigidity is caused by uncontrolled tensing of muscles and inhibits your ability to move about freely. Also, you may experience aches or pains from affected muscles.
Bradykinesia. Bradykinesia is the slowing down of movement and the gradual loss of spontaneous activity.
Changes in Walking (Gait).
Loss of balance
Stooped posture (when the head is bowed and the shoulders are slumped)
Head shaking
Voice and speech changes (voice will become softer with poor annunciation)
Loss of motor skills
Memory problems
Changes in handwriting (smaller writing)
Constipation
Depression
Feelings of fear and anxiety
Dementia
Fatigue
Just because you have these symptoms doesn't necessarily mean you have
Parkinson's disease. You should consult your doctor
It is important for you to visit your
doctor if you are experiencing any of these symptoms so you can receive the
proper diagnosis and treatment. If there is any question about the possibility
of Parkinson's disease, you should consider talking with a movement disorders
specialist.
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