Black to Swallow Planet Earth 

A monstrous black hole was discovered six thousand light years far from the Earth 

Is there an absolute evil deed in the world? Is there the absolute evil, like the absolute zero of temperature, the symbol of death and stillness, when there is not even a small vestige of any movement? The absolute and perfect evil is the black hole. Any kind of disaster pales in comparison with a black hole. A black hole devours everything in its path in a blink of an eye. 

The horrid black hole called GRO J1655-40 is approaching planet Earth with great strides. It might swallow our Sun, like a huge crocodile. This black hole was discovered by the American space telescope Hubble. This telescope has already made a lot of discoveries, which has allowed mankind to push the boundaries of the knowledge of the Universe further. However, the Hubble’s latest discovery is something that is not pleasant to know, and bad piece of news makes its messenger bad as well. People will definitely hate that damned American Hubble and its discoveries. 

It might seem ridiculous to say that the Sun, which has a radius of 700 thousand kilometers, can be squeezed to the size of a soccer ball. Yet, this is exactly what happens to a star that turns into a black hole. Its gravity is monstrous, and it cannot be subdued by the fastest physical body, not even by a ray of light. A black hole is a place from which nothing returns, ever. 

A black hole is absolutely invisible. It is totally insatiable. Scientists’ calculations show that a black hole weighing one billion tons (the weight of a mountain) would have the radius of 10(-13). This is the size of a neutron or of a proton. Describing the things that happen as you fall into a black hole is very similar to a horror movie. 

This invincible black hole is moving towards the Earth from the constellation of Scorpio. At the present moment, this space monster is six thousand light years far from the planet. It is moving towards the Earth at a rate of 400 thousand kilometers an hour. Scientist Vadim Pimenov said that it is the first of all discovered black holes moving towards out Galaxy very fast. “This is an impressive discovery, because its speed confirms its connection with a Supernova explosion. Scientists from the Institute of Astrophysics in Germany have recently discovered the largest of all black holes next to the solar system. Therefore, there are many black holes objects in the Universe. 

This is good news, is it not? It’s like learning that there is a blood-thirsty killer living next door to you. This news gets even worse, because every black hole is invisible. It is not easy to find a black hole in space. Scientists have compared the pictures that the Hubble telescope took with other data. This allowed them to calculate the speed and the trajectory of a black hole’s movement in the Galaxy. 

The hole is called GRO J1655-40. It gradually devours a star next to it, absorbing gas from it and becoming bigger and bigger. This process creates a reaction jet, like in a blowpipe. A reaction jet moves away from a black hole at a speed comparable to the speed of light. Astrophysicists call this effect a microquasar – a diminished model of a black hole that live in the nucleus of most active galaxies, known as quasars. This is the second microquasar in the Milky Way. 

If a black holes gets close to a star, it destroys it without any vestige of pity or mercy. Is there any way to avoid this? There are some ideas, but hopes are rather vague for the time being. However, a black hole opens up very interesting possibilities for distant journeys in space. If there is an object called a black hole, where everything disappears, there should be an object called a white hole, in which nothing can fall. In other words, the idea goes that, if you jump into a black hole in one place, you will fall out of a white hole in another spot. Is it insane? Not according to Einstein's relativity theory. Needless to mention, such theories are only theories. The path from a black hole to a white hole might be shut down on account of slight perturbation. Yet, there might be such a path, although it would be more risky than jumping off a building. 

Jumping from a high altitude was equal to suicide until the invention of a parachute. Diving in the depth of the ocean was impossible until the invention of the aqualung. Will humanity manage to fall into a black hole and jump out of it in another Galaxy? 

Aryan UFOs and Antarctic Bases 

Germans were very close to solving the mystery

Much has been said about the “UFO” developments of the Third Reich; however, some important questions still remain. Were the Germans actually successful with these developments or not? According to some sources, an UFO crashed near the city of Freiburg in 1936. The UFO was found, and it’s likely that German scientists with the assistance of Schutzstaffel (SS) managed to repair and even test the UFO’s energy system and propulsion systems. 

However, all attempts to reproduce the alien technology failed. That is why there was only one variant of the flying apparatus. Representatives of three occult societies, “Tule,” Vril,” and “Ahnenerbe,” ran those projects. 

For five years, the Germans carried out work for the creation of a secret project code-named “Base-211,” This has been determined by several independent experts. By the end of WWII, the Germans already had nine scientific enterprises where “flying disk” projects were tested. Many scientists are positive that at least one of these Third Reich enterprises was transferred to the Antarctic. 

Famous researchers of the Third Reich’s Antarctic mysteries, R. Vesko, V. Terziysky, and D. Childress, claim that from 1942, thousands of concentration camp prisoners, prominent scientists, pilots, politicians with their families, and members of the Hitlerjugend were taken to the South Pole via submarine. Some scientists believe that a German base still remains in the Antarctic. Moreover, it is even said that there is an underground Aryan city called New Berlin, which has a population of two million people. 

It is claimed that population of this city researches genetic engineering and space technology. UFOs have been witnessed several times near the South Pole, which is an indirect confirmation of the base’s existence there. In 1976, with the help of the latest technology, the Japanese managed to detect nineteen round objects at the same time; the objects dived from space to the Antarctic and disappeared from the radar screens. 

In 1927, an expedition of the famous English archeologist Albert Mitchell-Hedges discovered crystal skulls in Central America. The clearing of the ancient Mayan city in the tropical jungles of the Yucatan peninsula (it’s today’s Belize) in 1924 preceded the discovery. 

It was decided to burn down thirty three hectares of forests that covered the ancient buildings. When the smoke finally lifted, the expedition saw an unbelievable scene: stone ruins of a pyramid, of the city walls, and an enormous amphitheater that could hold up to several thousands spectators. During the excavation of the ruins, Mitchell-Hedges discovered the crystal skulls. His find became the most mysterious discovery of the 20th century. 

The skulls were brought to a Brazilian museum. In 1943, after an attempt to liberate the skulls, German “Ahnenerbe” agents were detained. during their interrogation, the agents confessed that they had been sent to South America with the special task of finding “the crystal skulls of the Goddess of Death.” Several more groups were sent there with the same task. Although the majority of them were detained, it is not ruled out some of the agents were successful. 

The seizing of the rare discoveries was directed by Karl Maria Willigut, a black magician with a large influence on high-ranking Nazi officials. He evinced particular interest in the magic methods used by the Atlantis pagan priests. The nazis hoped that those knowledge of “the progenitrix of the Aryan race” would help them create the superman. 

Today, some investigators suggest that the discovered crystal sculls were made in Atlantis and were saved by a miracle. If this is so, then it is clear why SS was so interested in the skulls. 

Bermudas Over the Baltic Sea

According to scientists, the phenomenon of the Bermuda Triangle appears in the Baltic Sea as well. Early morning, August 23, 1979, two fishing boats left the port of Hel in Gdansk for a fishing zone situated 70 kilometers offshore, near the boundary of Soviet territorial waters. Two Soviet trawlers already reached the area, and a merchant vessel was some distance from them. 

The fishing started. Suddenly, several red balls appeared in the sky right above them. Although one of the fishing boats performed a zigzagged move by the order of its captain, one of the red balls repeated all the maneuvers of the boat; at that, the ball always remained ahead of it and exactly before the rostrum. Soon, members of the crew were gripped with unexplainable fear, and they had headaches and nausea; it was difficult to breath. Simultaneously, all electrical appliances on the fishing boat stopped functioning. 

All of a sudden, after numerous changes of the boat’s course, the red ball soared upwards and disappeared. At that very moment, the electrical appliances started operating. Both fishing boats veered and headed for the port of Hel. Members of the crew were immediately examined by doctors of the naval base; however, the doctors found only nervous disorders and exhaustion. 

A Polish military newspaper reported on March 5, 1992 that a diabolic triangle appeared in the Baltic Sea. This was said to be the reason for a mysterious fishing boat wreck. The tragedy occurred under clear and windless weather conditions. The boat and all the appliances on it were in good shape, but when the fishing was over, the boat drifted. The crew was taking the fish out of the fishing net. Suddenly, without any visible reason, the boat almost flipped over. The motorist rushed to the engine room to start the engine. However, it was too late: the boat flipped over and went down. Seven members of the eight-man crew remained alive, but the brave motorist died. 

One of Poland’s leading UFO experts, Robert Lesnjakewic, thinks that UFOs have a connection with similar tragedies in the Baltic Sea (as well as in the Bermuda triangle). The tragedies probably developed the following way: a UFO hovers over a boat; it emits its energy, which paralyzes the boat’s crew and puts all technical appliances out of operation. The ufologist thinks that one of the following variants may occur: 

- the boat is carried into the time-spaace dimension of some other world; 

- the boat is carried away to some otheer planet or to an internal underground world of the planet (this is in accordance with the hypothesis saying on the existence of the city states of Agarta and Shambala underground); 

- UFO pilots take people from the boat and sink the boat itself; 

- UFO pilots take the crew off the boatt and don’t touch the boat itself; the latter turns into a Flying Dutchman drifting without any visible damage. 

Thirteen days after the UFO appeared over the fishing boats, on September 5, 1972 to be more exact, a glowing red ball appeared over an ambulance car on the coast of the Gdansk bay early in the morning. Four doctors in the ambulance and two pedestrians observed the red ball. However, it didn’t cause harm to the people. 

Out of Africa and into India

If R Spencer Wells is to be believed, then Adam probably never met Eve if only because Adam came thousands of years after Eve! Dr Wells and scientists from eight countries have concluded that the original paternal human ancestor might well have been many thousand years younger than the original maternal human ancestor. The supposition no doubts raises several interesting questions about the start and propagation of the human race! 

Wells, 33, is an American scientist who runs a laboratory at the Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics at Oxford University, United Kingdom. The WTCHG, which was established in 1994 to undertake research into the genetic basis of common diseases, is located in the Henry Wellcome Building of Genomic Medicine, University of Oxford. 

Wells is currently touring India, talking about the origins of the human race and promoting a television programme based on his book, Journey of Man. The TV programme, produced by National Geographic, will go on air at 9 pm on December 15, Indian Standard Time. 

Wells says that all human beings originated from Africa and explains why his research shows that the very first man and woman existed thousands of years apart. "There's a different evolutionary history for each region of the genome, but they all are consistent in placing the ancestor of all modern humans alive today in Africa," he says. 

Wells and his team have also concluded that the first man to ever walk the earth walked in Africa about 60,000 years ago. Thus, every man alive today has descended from this single African individual. His book, Journey of Man, propounds this Out of Africa theory. [Incidentally, through DNA studies it is thus far believed that the first woman -- the so-called Mitochondrial Eve -- walked the earth as far back as 150,000 years ago!] 

The Out of Africa theory propounds that modern humans originated in Africa before slowly spreading across the world. Some modern-day men living in what is now Sudan, Ethiopia, and southern Africa are believed to be the closest living descendants of the first humans to set out on that great journey tens of thousands of years ago. Interestingly, the San Bushmen of the Kalahari have some of the oldest genetic markers in the world even now. 

Wells' research traces the journey of our ancestors across the planet, from eastern Africa into the Middle East, from where our common ancestors spread out into South and Southeast Asia, New Guinea, Australia, Central Asia, and Europe. 

For India, our earliest ancestors came from Africa and settled along the western coast, with some moving into Sri Lanka and finally to Australia. Wells suggests underwater excavation of the coast of India to hunt for evidence of our common African ancestors in the form of artefacts, especially near the Mumbai coast, right up to Sri Lanka. 

His theory proposes that at the end of the Ice Age, Africa began drying up and a small group of human beings began looking for greener terrain to live in. One group moved towards India and from there onto Australia. The other moved through the Middle East into other parts of Asia and later on to Europe. As a part of his research, Wells has also studied the DNA of the Piramalai Kallar tribe of Tamil Nadu. 

Modern genetics has debunked the theory that the different human races sprang up simultaneously but independent of each other. Even as recently as 10 years ago, scientists believed that man's common ancestors lived millions, rather than thousands, of years ago and that modern men evolved separately, but simultaneously, thus accounting for the different races. Many still believe that there are clear genetic boundaries between racial groups. However, Wells' work shows that this is simply not true. 

But if we all share the same ancestor, why are there now so many different races, colours and sizes of men and women? Actually, the Human Genome Project has proven that about 99.9 percent of the DNA of every human being on the planet is identical; human variation in height, skin colour, and so forth is actually determined by a tiny fraction of the genome. 

Wells, who has studied 200 different genetic markers on the Y chromosome in samples from different areas of the world, argues that most people have multiple markers reflecting extensive migration and intermarriage. Simultaneously, we all also carry in our genes the traces of our common African ancestry. 

As Professor Chris Stringer of London's Natural History Museum puts it succinctly, "We are all African under the skin.""You can ultimately trace every female lineage back to a single female who lived in Africa about 150,000 years ago," says Wells. 

He and his colleagues have drawn up a genetic family tree of mankind by studying variations in the Y chromosome of more than a thousand men from different communities around the world. The Y chromosome is one of the two sex chromosomes (X and Y) that men carry, while women have two X chromosomes. 

To find the common paternal ancestor, Wells and his team drew up a genetic family tree of mankind. They mapped small variations in the Y chromosomes of 1,062 men in 22 geographical areas, including Pakistan, India, Cambodia, Laos, Australia, New Guinea, America, Mali, Sudan, Ethiopia, and Japan. 

Wells sums up the journey of man rather succinctly. "The history of humanity is really a history of movement and mixing," he says, with a smile. "We would have to study the history of who had sex with whom, if we want to do this in greater depth, and that can be quite complicated!" 

Where will this journey lead to in the future? "In the past, we took control of our genetic destinies and became superior to other animals," says Wells. "In the future, I see us taking control of our biology and thereby changing either it or our biology. Anyway, biology will be easier to change than the genetic code!" 

Flying Cities Aren't A Fiction

At the end of 1997, the Chile Air Force Command announced creation of a Commission for studies of anomalous atmospheric phenomena; the Commission was to be attached to the Civil Aviation central board. Director of the Civil Aviation College colonel Enzo Dinosera was appointed head of the Commission. 

Chile largest daily La Tercera revealed a tiny secret: the Commission was created on the initiative of the Ex-Commander of the Chilean Air Force Ramon Vega, who is currently a senator. The senator himself saw UFOs twice and believes that UFO actually exist. That is why he isn’t going to waste time to prove this fact. 

In 1988, the crew of a spy plane saw “the lights of a city” downward, they took the lights for the city of Antofagasta, the largest port in the north of Chile. But suddenly the “city” took off and flew! The plane crew was scared to death and immediately made their way to the aerodrome. 

Another flying city was seen in April 1996 in the southern part of Chile. Aircraft mechanic Joaquin Himenes from the airport of Los-Cerrilos in Santiago saw a huge UFO at the beginning of October 1996. The mechanic told: “The UFO came at the speed of about 50 miles per hour. The object was surrounded with a green phosphoric glow; it approached the landing strip and hovered in the air right before a cabin of air traffic controllers. Then it lost height, and a red light was going through its bottom, but it didn’t touch the ground. Finally, the object soared upwards and flew away northward. The whole event lasted for 15 minutes.” 

Himenes saw UFO even before that instance. He was member of the crew of a plane following from Punta-Arenas to Puerto-Williams on December 14, 1992. He says: “We saw an orange glowing ball of about two meters in diameter, the ball followed us. The pilot contacted the air traffic controllers and asked if they saw anything beside the plane. The controllers answered that the radar registered some object, but according to the flight schedule no planes should be in the area. The orange ball followed us right up to Puerto-Williams, and then it flew away to the Atlantic coast.” 

Gustave Rodrigues, who had been working an air traffic controller for 27 years, was appointed secretary of the newly created Commission. Rodrigues told: “I have a taped conversation between a pilot and an air traffic controller in the airport of Ariki. The pilot said that when an UFO approached the plane, there were some troubles with the communication system. When the tape is played, it seems that the pilot had said a complete long phrase, but only very beginning and its end were recorded.” 

The stories about so-called “flying houses” are the most strange ones among the recently registered UFO cases in Chile. The first occurred on April 16, 1990 when an UFO overturned a house. 

Investigator Raul Hayardo says that he interrogated the witnesses and took pictures of the incident site. “A red semicircular object with white flashing lights flew directly above one of the buildings at a very low height of about ten meters.” The Balboas were quietly sleeping in the house. The UFO flew above the left side of the building and lifted it a little. Then the house fell of one side, and the front door turned blocked at that. The Balboas family had to break off some planks to get out of the house. The saw the strange object go up and hit against transmission facilities. A bright flash followed. Finally, the UFO vertically soared up and disappeared in the sky within several seconds. 

Mister Balboa said: “The thing resembled a flaming ball. While I was staring at it, our home collapsed.” When the site was examined later, the people saw that some plants on the plantation were dried, some slightly or completely burnt. 

The Bermuda Mystery Remains Forever 

This article is about a place traditionally considered to be one the most horrible and mysterious places on the planet. This is a place where many ships and planes have disappeared forever. The majority of these accidents have occurred after the year 1945. Over one thousand people have been victims of this place over the last 26 years. However, there have never been a dead body or even a fragment found. 

This description is a very typical when people start talking or writing about the Bermuda Triangle. The area between Florida, Cuba, and the Bermuda islands has been considered an anomalous, mysterious site for many years. Is it really that as horrible as depicted in movies and described in papers? 

A thousand victims over a quarter of a century is definitely way too many. However, this does not seem really scary if you compare it to other facts. The number of victims of car accidents in Russia on an area of the same size is 15 times larger over the same period of time. It is reasonable to compare Bermuda Triangle and road victims, since the area of the Bermuda Triangle is rather a busy traffic site. Needless to mention, that the triangle does not kill every ship or plane that travels there. So, where does this fame come from? 

Everything started after WWII. The phenomenon of the psychological situation of the American nation of that time period is still waiting for its researchers. The United States of America possessed a very powerful army during 1945-1949. The USA had nuclear weapons at its disposal, so it seems that the Americans should have felt superior over the rest of the world. However, the feeling of superiority was suppressed by fear. The Americans felt that they were totally unprotected in from other more powerful forces: Martians, aliens, ghosts, and so on. In 1947, America was gripped with a fear of aliens after someone saw another UFO somewhere in the United States. This was the time that gave birth to unconventional science of ufology. However, the story started two years earlier, with the fear of the “omnivorous ocean.” 

December 5th, 1945 was a usual day for the American Air Force base in Florida, Fort Lauderdale. There were many experienced pilots serving there, so air crashes or other such incidents were rare. Lieutenant Charles Taylor was one of those pilots. A group of pilots was given a very easy task: to fly over to Chicken Shoal, which is to the north of Bimini Island. The weather was superb, so five Avenger bomber planes took off and flew eastwards. The fuel that the planes had in their tanks was enough for 5.5 hours of flying. 

No one ever saw them again. Only God knows what happened to them. There were many versions and hypotheses proposed to explain the mystery. However, they were all a big understatement: the missing planes were not found. The details of this story were taken from the investigation and publication materials of the official chronicles of Florida. 

The planes were returning around 3:30 p.m. Several minutes later, their command received a strange message: “We have a state of emergency. Most likely, we have lost our way. We do not see the ground. I repeat, we do not see the ground.” A flight control officer asked them to report their whereabouts. The answer from the pilots to such an easy question was really surprising: “We can not do this. We do not know where we are at the moment.” It seemed that it was not an experienced pilot talking, but a perplexed amateur. At 6:45 p.m., Charles Taylor transmitted very strange information: “We are above the Gulf of Mexico.” A flight control officer decided that the pilots were either confused or went mad. The planes eventually disappeared. 

Reporter and writer A. Ford wrote that Taylor’s last words were as follows: “Do not follow me. They look like they came out of the Universe.” If there was such a phrase said, most likely, it was reinterpreted. Back in those days, people were used to saying “they came from Mars,” rather than “they came from the Universe.” 

More and more mysterious stories started appearing one after another after the accident with Avengers. A simple disappearance was not enough for people, and there was a strong need for rumors. Newspapers were doing their business very well. As a matter of fact, the truth of all the commotion actually made up only ten or fifteen percent. The worst thing about it is the fact that no one can explain any of those incidents. That mysterious “something” never left any eyewitnesses. However, there could be other witnesses found: audio tapes, radar records, and so on. 

As far as the Avengers are concerned, there can be one conclusion made. The pilots had to deal with something unusual and strange. That meeting was the first of its kind for them. They knew or heard nothing about it before, which may explain the reason for their perplexity. They said that the ocean looked strange, and that the water was white. This can definitely frighten common people, but not experienced pilots. The pilots were searching for land in the west for some 1.5 hours. Then they started seeking land both in the west an in the east. They failed. The pilots made a mistake: they spent all their fuel searching for the land in the west. Most likely, they landed on the water and then sank. One of those Avengers was found in 1987 on the shelf bottom of the Gulf of Mexico. Nevertheless, it is still not clear how the planes moved 700 kilometers westwards without being noticed by anyone? 

Other super-fast flights were registered as well. All those occasions have one common fact. They all happened in some strange white clouds or fog. An airliner that was approaching Miami once vanished from radar screens and then appeared again in ten minutes. However, all clocks on board the plane were ten minutes behind the actual time. There was not even a passenger who noticed anything weird about it. 

It goes without saying that the hypothesis about a time hole above the Bermuda Triangle stirred up more rumors, and more horrific stories appeared as a result. American News magazine published an article that told the story of an American submarine. The submarine was traveling under the water at the depth of 70 meters (200 feet). The submariners suddenly heard a strange noise. Then they sensed a vibration that lasted for about a minute. Afterwards, it was noticed that all members of the crew added some years to their age. When the submarine surfaced, the satellite navigation system showed that the submarine was in the Indian Ocean, 300 miles off the eastern coast of Africa and about ten miles off the Bermudas. However, making any conclusions about this story is a premature thing to do. The US Navy never confirmed or rejected the information. 

The friends of the Avenger pilots still do not know why lieutenant Taylor gave the command to land on the stormy sea if the planes could fly for two more hours looking for the land. Taylor gave the order, and all the pilots executed it. It is only possible to understand this act of suicide if there was no fuel in the tanks. Probably, the pilots were alive after their planes sank into the ocean. Most likely, they were swimming in the water wearing life vests. Nevertheless, the sea won the battle. 

It is worth mentioning that a Marine Mariner boatplane searched for the Avengers and disappeared as well. The last thing that the pilot of the boatplane mentioned was something about a strong wind at the height of 1800 meters. The victims of this story make up 27 people. 

The most surprising piece of news about the Avengers appeared later. The bomber planes were found in the Atlantic Ocean, only ten miles from their airbase. The pilots’ relatives said that they were extremely sorry to discover this piece of information. It was horrible for them to realize that their men died just a couple of minutes from home. At first, there were four planes found, then a fifth one, marked as 28. This was Taylor’s number. 

The Russian and American Press Center helped to discover the details of the incredible finding. The Deep Sea vessel of the Scientific Search Project was searching for a Spanish galleon in 1991. The crew of the ship were making jokes about the mysteries of the Bermuda Triangle. Four Avenger planes were found on the bottom of the sea, at a depth of 250 meters. The fifth one was a mile away from the others. The archives mention only that one group of five planes disappeared in December of 1945, although the number of air crashes in the Atlantic Ocean, which happened to Avenger-type planes, totaled 139 accidents. A further examination of the planes proved that they landed on the water. However, there were no bodies found in the cockpits. 

The story was not over. Another sensation arrived in the summer of 1995. Specialists from the Deep Sea vessel made a conclusion based on their research. The numbers on the planes found were FT-241, FT-87, FT-120, and FT-28. The numbers of the missing planes were: FT-3, FT-28 (Taylor), FT-36, FT-81, FT-117. Only one number matched. The mystery remains. Where did the Avengers go? Where did those planes come from? 

An official government committee concluded the following in 1996. First, the planes on the bottom of the sea were not real; they were models. Second, they were placed there on purpose, for a bombing exercise. 

Only stupid people might believe that official proclamation. The divers were laughing their heads off about that delirium from the government. The divers’ reports described the numbers of the planes, and it was said there that the propellers of the planes were curved due to the crash landing. Nothing like that could have happened to modeled planes. Any kind of bombing exercise is out of the question as well. The planes were lying at the depth of 250 meters. This is like shooting at a target that is behind the Great Chinese Wall. As can be seen, the mystery of the Bermuda Triangle will remain forever. 

Prehistoric Cyborgs and Modern Man

Recently, a group of German and American geneticists headed by Professor Tabo from Munich University made a sensational discovery. As it turned out, Neanderthal man, who was considered to be in the intermediate position between the pithecanthropus and the modern human, has nothing to do with our genealogy. 

Professor Tabo and his colleagues extracted the main heredity carrier, DNA, from remains of a Neanderthal man of about 30.000 years. When the ancient DNA was compared with a similar fragment of a contemporary man, the scientists saw that Neanderthal man wasn’t an ancestor to modern man. 

The discovery made by geneticists was confirmed by anthropologists Shmit and Tissen from Germany and scientist Stringer from Great Britain. Neanderthals completely dominated Europe for 200,000 years. However, 40,000 years ago, a new competitor appeared on the scene. Cro-Magnon with a higher level of intellect and better weapons invaded from the East. The Cro-Mags killed the majority of Neanderthals, and those who remained alive escaped to remote parts of the planet. It was a very severe fight, as the mass burial places of Neanderthal men with broken sculls and other injuries prove. 

The scientists compared the data obtained and made the conclusion that there was no interbreeding between the direct ancestors of modern man and the Neanderthals. Now, mankind can thank science for the fact that it unexpectedly was deprived of its ancestors. If a mummy wasn’t discovered, the problem of Homo sapiens origin would be open once again. 

The mummy isn’t from a Pharaoh grave; it was discovered in a block of eternal ice in a mountainous area in Central Mongolia in 1995. It was in the ice within four thousand years. The mummy had long, red hair reaching its shoulders and massive tattooed forearms. 

What is especially interesting, it is supposed that some of the internals and several parts of the brain were made of unknown artificial materials. It may be that they were created in a step-wise manner in the course of very complicated operations; the operations were performed on a more perfect level compared with today’s operations. Scientists Justin Manners (the USA) and Kent Jennings (England) studied the mummy; they say that the surgical manipulation performed on the mummy was designed for to create a perfect cyborg, which could carry out observations and collect data.

The scientists say that during its life, the mummy could have been a cyborg, a creature made by a combination of features of a robot and a hominoid. The notion “hominid” denotes a representative of the primates class, which includes fossil man as well as contemporary people (don’t mix it with “a humanoid”, an extraterrestrial resembling a human by its appearance). 

Currently, we have no scientific data proving that aliens come to Earth from other planets. However, the first idea that comes to mind is that UFOs are from other planets. If we rely upon many statements and the evidence of UFOs or extraterrestrial visits to Earth, we can consider our planet as a space colony. And different space centers are very active here. They send their robots, cyborgs, and hominids to the Earth to collect information and materials, to perform experiments on human beings, including even complex surgical operations. In many cases, these operations resulted in mutilations later treated as abnormalities by pathologoanatomists and archeologists. The experiments were evidently performed with a view to create new cloned creatures. These facts allow one to say talk about the alien origin of Homo sapiens. 

Famous scientists, such as Tsiolkovsky and Valle, have stressed several times that man is first of all a space phenomena, and only after that, they mentioned he was an earthly phenomenon. The above-mentioned facts contradict the official theory of man’s origin, saying that the man came from apes. However, it seems that new, even non-traditional hypothesis on human origin won’t be very shocking at all. 

UFOs Down Planes 

Everyone is used to news about plane crashes. This kind of tragedy has already become a usual thing to hear about. Nevertheless, governmental committees nearly always conclude that this or that air crash happened due to a technical malfunction or a pilot’s mistake. Sometimes, a crash remains a mystery forever. 

Some mysterious accidents happen due to something totally unbelievable, or anomalous, as ufologists say. Therefore, what kind of anomalous events can be dangerous for planes? They are UFOs, balls of lightening, meteorites, energy fields that humans know nothing about, or even unknown forms of life in the upper layers of the Earth’s atmosphere. 

Is there anything funny about such a supposition? Well, a person is entitled to believe anything he wants. Let’s try to find out as much as we can anyway. 

First of all, planes can be downed by UFOs. We will not dwell on the origins of these objects. It is a fact, though, that they are present in the skies of our planet. This has been proved so many times with video tapes, photographs, and radar systems. The vast majority of ufologists believe that UFOs do not show any aggression against civil planes. In this connection, they are basically safe. However, there were six accidents registered during the period of 1991-1993, when UFOs were flying very close to passenger jets. 

In the beginning of 1995, a Boeing 737 crew was shocked when the plane was about to slam into a triangle-shaped UFO, which flew past the jetliner at a very high speed. The same year, the crew of another Boeing 737 plane saw a ball-like object on a radar screen. The flight security system of the plane gave a warning of a possible collision. A UFO’s friendliness can be rather problematic. According to a well-known Russian ufologist, Vladimir Azhazha, a plane disappeared in Siberia in April of the year 1970. About 20 large UFOs were registered on the site of the plane’s supposed crash. 

UFOs and fighter planes are a completely different subject to talk about. Fighter planes are supposed to down all kinds of trespassers, which inevitably leads to conflicts situations when it comes to UFOs. In 1967, there was an unidentified spherical object seen above Cuba. Two MiG-21 planes were ordered to pursue and down the mysterious trespasser.

However, all the navigation equipment of the jets went out of order, including missiles and targeting systems. The UFO did not like the pilots’ persistence, because the plane, which got too close to it, blew up. A Russian Su-27 vanished in 1992 in Russia’s Far East. No one knows what happened to it. 

Balls of lightning also pose a big threat to planes, and this danger can hardly be rejected even by disbelievers. A plane was damaged with ball of lightning in 1981 at a height of 1300 meters. Boris Korotkov, the pilot of the plane, said that the lightning was huge – about five meters in diameter.

Nevertheless, Korotkov managed to land the plane and remained alive. It is worth mentioning here that such large balls of lightening can also be categorized as an anomalous phenomenon. A meteorite not destroyed completely in the atmosphere can also be very dangerous to planes. It is not ruled out that several mysterious crashes were caused by meteorites. 

A Tu-154 passenger jetliner disappeared in 1995, a Boeing 737 blew up in the air not far from New York in the summer of 1996, and a MiG-31 pursuit plane burned in the air in the Arkhangelsk region of Russia. The pilots of all those planes did not report any malfunctions or state of emergency. Everything was going normal, and then a plane would disappear from radar screens, that's all. The flight recorders found after such strange crashes actually said the same: normal flights and then no records at all. Catastrophes happened all of a sudden. 

Engineer Yevgeny Voronin from St. Petersburg offered his own theory to explain such tragedies. As he thinks, certain kinds of energy fields can fall in the Earth atmosphere from space. If a plane finds itself inside such an electromagnetic field, all of its equipment and black boxes stops working, and the plane starts spinning and then blows up. The fragments of a plane can be scattered over a very extensive area. 

There is also a hypothesis, according to which active zones of the Earth crust (geological splits and their crossings) sometimes produce powerful energy bursts. These bursts then causes eddy flows and other anomalous phenomena in the atmosphere. If a plane flies above the site of the ejection, it will inevitably crash. 

A man-made factor is also a reason of unexpected plane crashes. However, a situation, which is caused by this factor can be anomalous at times as well. This includes incidental or unauthorized missile launches, flying into a weapon-testing area, radiation, etc. An American professor determined that automatic piloting of planes is sometimes disabled with an incidental electromagnetic impulse from powerful ground antennas. Malfunctions can also be caused by battle planes that generate those impulses. 

There are two other possible reasons for such crashes, but may people won’t believe them. The first one is connected with the evil eye. There can be a longer title given to it too: “distant extrasensory impact on a human being with the goal of causing damage to health.” 

It is not ruled out that flight crews can be subjected to this kind of impact, when someone wants a plane to crash for some reason. There have been articles published stating that extrasensory individuals can exert distant influence on electric devices and computers. 

As far as unknown forms of life in the upper layers of atmosphere are concerned, a weird accident happened to a small private plane in 1964 in Alaska. The pilot of that plane sent a SOS and managed to say something about very bright light and some weird creature in the sky. Then the connection stopped. 

A satellite took a picture of a strange throbbing amoeba-like form, which looked like a living object. The satellite registered the creature in the upper layers of the Earth atmosphere. Ufologists believe that there are some unknown forms of life that inhabit the atmosphere of our planet. Time will tell if it is true or not. 

UFO Prevents Blast at Chernobyl Nuclear Plant 

Sixteen years have passed since the disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear plant on April 26, 1986. The explosion happened at 1:23 a.m. Tons of radioactive products were emitted into the atmosphere. The machine shop of the plant was gripped with fire, and the fire was about to move on to the third power-generating unit of the plant. Firemen managed to extinguish the fire several hours later. Many of them died later of radiation exposure. 

Much has been written about the Chernobyl disaster, both in Russia and abroad. It seems that the physical nature of the tragedy has determined, as well as the people who were responsible for it. The fourth power-generating unit was supposed to be repaired. Yet, before shutting it down, the administration of the plant decided to perform several experiments. Steam delivery was cut to one of the turbo generators in order to discover the period of time that electric power would still be generated due to the rotation of the rotor. The experiment was not well-organized. There was another test conducted simultaneously: the study of turbine vibration. 

They started decreasing the capacity of the generating unit at 1 a.m. on April 25. The emergency cooling system of the reactor was shut down at 2 p.m. This was supposed to stop the reactor. 

However, the Kievenergo energy company did not know anything about these tests. An energy control officer did not allow the fourth generating unit of the plant to be stopped. These were the prerequisites of the tragedy. Many people are still suffering. 

The explosion was very large, but, luckily, it was a thermal blast. The fourth power generating unit was basically destroyed by overheated steam. There was no nuclear explosion. Roughly 180 tons of enriched uranium were in the reactor. If a large blast had happened, half of Europe would not currently be depicted on any maps. 

There are many theories to explain such luck. One of the theories is that there was help from an Unidentified Flying Object. When troublesome events started to occur, some people saw a spaceship hovering above the fourth generating unit of the Chernobyl plant. Eyewitnesses say that an UFO was there for six hours and that hundreds of people saw it. People started writing about it only two years after the catastrophe. Of course, such information appeared in magazines on ufology. As it is generally believed, serious people don't read such magazines and journals. 

Here is what Mikhail Varitsky had to say: (I and other people from my team went to the site of the blast at night. We saw a ball of fire, and it was slowly flying in the sky. I think the ball was six or eight meters in diameter. Then, we saw two rays of crimson light stretching towards the fourth unit. The object was some 300 meters from the reactor. The event lasted for about three minutes. The lights of the object went out and it flew away in the northwestern direction.

The UFO brought the radiation level down. The level was decreased almost four times. This probably prevented a nuclear blast. 

Three years later (on September 16, 1989), the fourth power-generating unit emitted radiation into the atmosphere. Several hours later, a doctor saw an object in the sky above the Chernobyl plant. Doctor Gospina described it as (amber-like.She said she could see the top and the bottom of it as well. 

In October of 1990, a reporter from the newspaper the Echo of Chernobyl , V. Navran, was photographing the machine shop of the Chernobyl plant. (I photographed the top of it, including a part of the hole above. I remember everything very well; I did not see any UFO. However, when I developed the film, I clearly saw an object that was hovering above the hole in the roof. The object looked like the one doctor Gospina saw. 

It seems that aliens are not worried with the fate of humanity. They are basically worried about the planets environment. 

Antarctica: Where the Ice Flows in Reverse

Scientists have discovered a hitherto unheard of phenomenon, that of a glacier flowing back on itself, reversing the direction it had been following in the last 250 years. 

The scientists, from the University of Washington, the University of Colorado and the Technological Institute of California consider that the ice flow is caused by climate change over the last two and a half centuries, which would appear to be the case, given that the polar ice caps have reduced in volume, according to scientific registers. The flow in reverse movement is called “Ice Stream C-0”, which had been a tributary of a greater flow called “Ice Stream C”. Ice Stream C-0 stopped flowing, gaining volume as its tributaries flowed into it, and reversed its course. 

The scientists stated that the polar ice cap has reduced substantially in the last 7.5 thousand years and consider that if the current trend persists, it will disappear completely in the next 7,000 years, leading to a rise in ocean levels of five to seven meters, which would spell disaster for low-lying cities and islands whose relief is near to sea level. 

Sensation: Cities Found on the Moon!

Reasonable activity of an alien civilization showed up unexpectedly close to us. However, we were not psychologically ready for it .We still come across publications trying to find an answer to the following question: Are we alone in the universe? At the same time, the presence of reasoning beings has been detected close to our home, on the Moon. However, this discovery was immediately classified as secret, as it is so incredible that it even might shake the already existing social principles, reports Russia's newspaper Vecherny Volgograd. 

Here is an extract from the official press-release: “NASA scientists and engineers participating in exploration of Mars and the Moon reported the results of their discoveries at a briefing at the Washington National Press Club on March 21, 1996. It was announced for the first time that man-made structures and objects have been discovered on the Moon.” The scientists spoke rather cautiously and evasively about these objects, with the exception of an UFO. They always mentioned that the man-made objects are possible, and stated the information was still under study and official results will be published later. 

It was mentioned at the briefing as well that the Soviet Union used to own some photo materials proving the presence of such activity on the Moon. And, although it wasn’t identified what kind of activity it was, thousands of photo- and video materials from the Apollo's and the Clementine space station showed many parts on the lunar surface where this activity and its traces were perfectly evident. The video films and photos made by US astronauts during the Apollo program were demonstrated at the briefing. People were extremely surprised why the materials hadn’t been presented to the public earlier. NASA specialists answered: “It was difficult to forecast the reaction of people to information that some creatures had been or still are on the Moon. In addition, there were some other reasons to it, which were beyond the control of NASA.” 

Specialist for lunar studies Richard Hoagland says that NASA is still trying to alter photo materials before they are published in public catalogues and files. They do some retouching or are partially refocusing them while copying. Some investigators, Hoagland is among them, suppose that an extraterrestrial race had used the Moon as a terminal station during their activity on the Earth. These suggestions are confirmed by the legends and myths of different nations of our planet. 

The ruins of lunar cities stretch for many kilometers. Huge domes on massive basements, numerous tunnels, and other constructions cause scientists to reconsider their opinions concerning the Moon. How the Moon appeared and principles of its revolving around the Earth still pose a great problem for scientists. 

Some partially destroyed objects on the lunar surface can’t be placed among natural geological formations, as they are of complex organization and geometrical structure. In the upper part of Rima Hadley, not far from the place where the Apollo-15 had landed, a construction surrounded by a tall D-shaped wall was discovered. As of now, different artifacts have been discovered in 44 regions. The NASA Goddard Space Flight Center and the Houston Planetary Institute are investigating the regions. Mysterious terrace-shaped excavations of rock have been discovered near the Tiho crater. The concentric hexahedral excavations and the tunnel entry on the terrace side can’t be the results of natural geological processes; instead, they look very much like open cast mines. A transparent dome raised above the crater edge was discovered near the crater Copernicus. The dome is unusual, as it is glows white and blue from the inside. A rather unusual object, which is unusual indeed even for the Moon, was discovered in the upper part of the Factory area. A disk of about 50 meters in diameter stands on a square basement surrounded with walls. In the picture, close to the rhomb, we can also see a dark, round embrasure in the ground, which resembles an entry to an underground caponier. There is a rectangular area between factory and the crater Copernicus, which is 300 meters wide 400 meters long. 

Apollo-10 astronauts took a photo (AS10-32-4822) of a one-mile long object called "Castle," which is at the height of 14 kilometers and casts a distinct shadow on the lunar surface. The object seems to consist of several cylindrical units and a large conjunctive unit. The internal porous structure of the Castle is clearly seen in one of the pictures, which gives the impression that some parts of the object are transparent. 

As it turned out at the briefing where many NASA scientists were present, when Richard Hoagland had requested originals of the Castle pictures for the second time, no pictures were found at all. They disappeared even from the list of pictures made by the Apollo-10 crew. Only intermediate pictures of the object were found in the archives, which unfortunately don’t depict the internal structure of the object. 

When the Apollo-12 crew landed on the lunar surface, they saw that the landing was observed by a half-transparent, pyramidal object. It was hovering just several meters above the lunar surface and shimmered with all the colors of the rainbow against the black sky. 

In 1969, when the film about astronauts traveling to the Sea of Storms was demonstrated (the astronauts saw the strange objects once again, which were later called “striped glasses”), NASA finally understood what consequences such kind of control could bring. Astronaut Mitchell answered the question about his feelings after his successful return: “My neck still aches as I had to constantly turn my head around, because we felt we were not alone there. We had no choice but to pray.” Johnston, who worked at the Houston Space Center and studied photos and video materials made during the Apollo program, discussed the artifacts with Richard Hoagland and said that the NASA leadership was awfully annoyed with the great number of anomalous, to put it mildly, objects on the Moon. It was even said that piloted flights to the Moon might be banned. 

Investigators are especially interested in ancient structures resembling partially destroyed cities. Photos reveal an astonishingly regular geometry of square and rectangular constructions. They resemble our cities seen from the height of 5-8 kilometers. A mission control specialist commented on the pictures: “Our guys observed ruins of the Lunar cities, transparent pyramids, domes, and God knows what else, which are currently hidden deep inside the NASA safes, and felt like Robinson Crusoe when he suddenly came across prints of bare feet on the sand of the desert island.” What do geologists and scientists say after studying the pictures of lunar cities and other anomalous objects? They say that such objects can’t be natural formations. “We should admit they are artificial, especially the domes and pyramids.” Reasonable activity of an alien civilization showed up unexpectedly close to us. We were not ready for it psychologically, and some people hardly believe they are true even now. 

Before the Flood, There Was No Moon 

It should be emphasized that there are many people who perceive this only as a hypothesis. A computer analysis is not convincing to everyone. It is surprising, but the Moon’s past recreated by computer coincides with a lot of facts that were written in ancient sources. It stands to reason that coincidences are rarely incidental. 

As it turns out, a lot of myths, legends, and tales say that there used to be no Moon in the sky. The Moon appeared after the Great Flood. This was noticed by the people who lived in the south of Greece, as well as by African tribes and others. However, there were a lot of ebb and flow traces found in many ancient cities. As is well known, it's is the Moon that causes ebbs and flows. This does not coincide with the no-Moon theory before the Flood. However, if there was no Moon, then maybe there was another celestial body to fulfill its functions? Other sources say that there used to be two or even several moons shining in the sky. It is not ruled out that those other Earth satellites were “in charge” of ebbs and flows. 

The people from the Mayan civilization left reports, in which they said that it was not the Moon, but Venus shining above them in the sky at night. Maybe, Venus was absolutely different back in those years? There was an ancient Roman historian who believed that the Great Flood was caused by the change of Venus’ color, size, shape, and orbit. 

Many myths and legends say that the Moon rose in the sky after the after-Flood darkness cleared up. Did the Moon cause the Flood? 

Some scientists believe that the Moon was not always the Earth’s satellite. German astronomer Gesterkorn thinks that the Moon’s age is approximately equal to one half of the Earth’s age. In his opinion, after the Moon was created, it orbited far away from the Earth. A space object flew near the Moon, which caused the moon to change its orbit. The Moon moved closer to the Earth and became “imprisoned” by the Earth’s gravity. 

Then, the Moon became the master of Earth’s waters. The Moon’s approach resulted in immense tides, volcano eruptions, and earthquakes. Waves were the height of mountains, volcanoes were erupting, and water was boiling. Probably, the new satellite was the reason for the Great Flood. 

There are many other theories to explain from where the Moon actually came. One of them even says that the Moon was created by aliens. According to this theory, its a place where aliens have their bases, space centers, and so on. Some people think that the Moon is a giant UFO, which has been disguised as a cold planet. 

The danger meteorites has become rather topical nowadays. There are movies, articles, research works, and news reports about the Earth’s possible collision with a meteorite. Meteorites are small in comparison with planets, but there can be hundreds of such meteorites or a couple of very large ones. They could be enough to destroy life on our planet. It is logical to suppose that small celestial bodies are fragments of larger ones. Therefore, it is possible that meteorites might be parts of other planets. Scientist Anatoly Chernyaeyv believes that this is exactly what happened with the Tunguska meteorite. According to his theory, a vast part of the Earth tore itself away from the planet and went upwards. It was unable to travel far away from the Earth and fell down on the planet again. It is not possible to prove such a theory, of course. If there were people who saw it, they died long ago. In this connection, the Moon might be a piece of the Earth, and it did not manage to break away from the Earth’s gravity. 

Is there any form of life on the Moon? The Moon’s surface is not inhabitable. Maybe, there are some creatures living under the thick layers of moon soil? 

What do people do to protect themselves from a possible nuclear war or any other man caused catastrophes? People build underground shelters. They are deep, strong, and huge shelters. Up-to-date technologies allow people to live underground for decades and even hundreds of years. Needless to mention that this is not meant for the whole of humanity, only for the elite. Such bunkers could have been built in a part of the Earth that broke off and became the Moon. 

Most likely, there is no life on the Moon. If there is, then the Moon is something like a space station. The few people that had the chance to walk on the moon’s surface saw very strange things, such as traces of tanks and little orange glass figures. One person even claimed to have seen UFOs. 

NASA has a lot of impressive photographs on the subject. They are all secret photos, but even the few that have been released prove that the moon’s landscape is very different from the desolated landscape of a cold, uninhabited planet. It turns out that there are constructions on the Moon: bridges, towers, buildings, and huge domes. All these things prove the theory that the Moon used to be a part of our planet. Is it possible that there are people on the Moon living now? The Moon is a big mystery. Was it a part of the Earth in the past? What is the Moon at present? These mysteries remain unsolved. 

Archeology: Damnation of Crystal Skulls

The skull was first discovered by the expedition headed by famous English archeologist F. Albert Mitchell-Hedges in Central America in 1927. Before that, the archeologist started clearing an Ancient Maya settlement in a damp tropical jungle in Yucatan (British Honduras at that time and currently Belize) in 1924. It was decided to burn down 33 hectares of forest covering the ancient constructions of the settlement to make the archeological dig easier. When the smoke lifted, the expedition saw amazing ruins of a stone pyramid, city walls, and a huge amphitheatre capable to seating thousands of spectators. The ancient settlement was called Lubaantun: The Place of the Fallen Stones. 

After three years, Mitchell-Hedges organized another expedition; he took his daughter Anna with him, but, at that moment, the archeologist hardly supposed that the girl would be a lucky talisman for the expedition. On the day of her 17th birthday, in April 1927, Anna discovered a strange item under the debris of an ancient altar. That was a natural sized human skull made of a rock crystal and wonderfully polished. The skull lacked its lower jaw, which was found dozens meters from the site three months later. The crystal details could be moved with the help of perfect, smooth joints on the skull and easily moved with every touch. Those who touched the skull experienced rather strange feelings. 

Anna was the first to experience strange things. The girl put the skull near her bed before going to sleep. Anna said that she dreamed of the life of Indians who had lived thousands years ago, and the girl could describe the dream in detail. 

At first, Anna didn’t attribute the strange dream to the crystal skull. However, strange dreams haunted the girl each time she had the skull near her bed. New dreams brought more new details about the life of Indians, details unknown even to scientists. When the skull was removed from the bedroom, there were no strange dreams. And they recommenced as soon as the strange find was taken back to Anna’s room. The girl heard Indians talking and watched their everyday life and sacrifice rituals. 

After the death of her father, at the beginning of the 1960s, Anna decided to give the strange skull to scientists for investigations. She believed that the skull was too perfect to have been made by the Indian civilizations living before the Columbus discoveries. 

First, art critic Frank Dordland started investigating the strange skull. After a closer investigation, he discovered that the skull had a complicated system of lenses, prisms, and channels, creating unusual optical effects. The investigator was surprised to discover no signs of processing on the skull’s perfectly polished surface. They couldn’t be seen even with a microscope. Frank Dordland even addressed Hewlett-Packard, the famous company that specialized in crystal oscillators at that time, for a competent examination of the crystal. 

The results were shocking not only for the scientist himself. The research by Hewlett-Packard in 1964 in a special laboratory revealed that the skull had been made long before the first civilizations appeared in that part of America where the skull was found. In addition, rock crystal of such perfect quality couldn’t be found in that area. The most amazing thing was that the ancient skull weighing 5.13 kg, 203.4 mm long and 125.4 wide had been made of a whole crystal. This fact contradicted the laws of physics. 

Hewlett-Packard experts analyzed the skull and discovered that it consisted of three or four joints grown together. After close analysis, they found out that the skull had been cut of one piece of crystal, together with the lower jaw. The rock crystal has a hardness that is slightly lower than that of topaz, corundum, and diamond; it can be cut with diamonds only. It is astonishing, but the ancient Indians managed to cut it somehow, and even made a lower jaw with the joints. Someone had made the skull of a whole crystal so carefully that it seemed that nobody had ever touched it. A kind of a prism was found at the back bottom of the skull; any ray of light that strikes the eye-sockets is reflected there. If you look into the eye-sockets, you may see the whole room reflected. 

Hewlett-Packard experts say that the skull had been made regardless of all laws and rules. They surprisingly said: “The damned thing can't exist at all. Those who had done it had no idea of crystallography or of fiber optics. The people completely ignored the axis of symmetry, which was to prevent the crystal from splitting during processing. It is strange why it didn’t split at that!” No matter how unbelievable it may seem, the strange crystal skull can be seen in the Museum of American Indians. 

What is more astonishing, the Hewlett-Packard experts confirmed that not the slightest signs of mechanical processing could be found on the skull’s surface, even the slightest scratches left by polishing. Experts are sure that it would have taken hundreds of years to polish this extremely hard material so perfectly. 

This opinion was confirmed by a recent finding, about which FATE magazine published in August 1996. A woman from Colorado, US, rode about her ranch near Creston in the winter of 1994 when she suddenly came across something shining. When she picked it up, she saw it was a human skull made of glass or crystal. It is strange, but the skull was crumpled and twisted so that it seemed it had been plastic before it became solid. It is still a mystery where the skull came from and why it was so mutilated. (It should be mentioned that UFOs frequently haunt that part of the state; unexplainable cattle mutilations are registered there at that.) 

Historians and social anthropologists decided to find out more about the strange skulls. Very soon, they came across an ancient Indian legend saying that there had been thirteen crystal skulls of the Goddess of Death; they had been kept separately from each other under the strict control of pagan priests and special warriors. 

Searches for more skulls started; some of them were found in museums and some in private collections not only in the USA, but in Mexico, Brazil, France, Mongolia, and in Tibet. There were more than 13 skulls found. However, not all of them were as perfect as Mitchell-Hedges’ was. Very likely, those were just later attempts to create something similar to the original skulls that were believed to have been gifts by God to the people. 

Excavations Challenge Views of Maya Development in Yucatan

The evidence suggests that as early as A.D. 300, Chac and other settlements nearby were in contact with Teotihuacan, a powerful metropolis not far from present-day Mexico City that existed from about the first to the sixth centuries A.D. 

Michael Smyth, an anthropologist at Rollins College in Winter Park, Florida, who has been directing research at Chac since 1995, said recent excavations challenge earlier conclusions that northern Yucatán was not well established until much later and was outside the range of Teotihuacan's influence. 

"Research at the site is helping to resolve some of the region's long-standing problems with chronology," said Smyth, whose work is supported by the National Geographic Society. "Radiocarbon dating of objects found at the site indicates Chac's origins date from about A.D. 300, at least two centuries earlier than any other known settlement in the area." 

According to Smyth, pottery and mortuary patterns uncovered from burial sites at Chac are typical of those associated with Teotihuacan. Many architectural features at Chac, including the layout of buildings and the prevalent use of serpent imagery, are further signs of Teotihuacan's influence. Researchers working at a number of ancient sites in the Puuc hills region of Yucatán have long questioned why Mexican motifs and symbolism appear on early-style Maya buildings, Smyth explained. 

Signs of Early Trade 

From a range of scientific evidence, the researchers have concluded that Chac developed into a flourishing community during the Early-Middle Classic Period (A.D. 300–650). It grew to an area of about three square kilometers (1.1 square miles) with an estimated 6,000 inhabitants by the Late Classic period (A.D. 650–800), well before the region's great cultural flowering in A.D. 800–1000. 

The site appears to have been mysteriously abandoned and ritually destroyed in the late eighth century, when other sites in the Puuc hills region of Yucatán underwent rapid growth and development. Smyth thinks trade wars may help account for the many signs found at Chac indicating the presence of people from outside the region. 

Teotihuacan's lowland trade routes, he explained, appear to have been seriously disrupted or even severed during a period of prolonged intercity warfare with major Maya powers in the southern lowlands that began in the sixth century. "At this time, not coincidentally, Teotihuacan's influence becomes more apparent at Chac and other sites in northern Yucatán," said Smyth. 

Evidence from some burial sites at Chac, he added, suggests that foreign traders of middle-level social status—perhaps a group from Teotihuacan responsible for maintaining long-distance contacts—may have lived in Chac. 

The discovery of 19 burial sites from residential groups at Chac shows pottery and mortuary patterns typical of Teotihuacan people residing in foreign settlements. Thirteen of the burials were found in a large substructure dating to the Middle Classic period, with certain architectural characteristics reminiscent of residential apartment compounds from Teotihuacan. 

Many Serpent Images 

Chac, which may have been named after the Maya rain god Chac, is located near the ancient sites of Uxmal and Sayil in the Yucatán Peninsula. 

Exploration of a 60-foot-tall pyramid at Chac has revealed two earlier pyramids that lie beneath. Numerous substructures have been discovered beneath other buildings excavated at the site. The layout of the site and orientation of the buildings, which follow Central Mexican conventions, and stylistic elements, such as sloping walls and recessed panels incorporated into Maya architecture, suggest the residents of Chac were familiar with Teotihuacan symbolism. 

Even more compelling, said Smyth, are the many examples of early serpent imagery found at the site's great pyramid. Serpents are more reminiscent of architecture at Teotihuacan than the decorative elements typically found on early Puuc buildings. Also, a small, hemispherical vessel recovered at the foot of one of the earlier pyramids shows decoration strikingly similar to renderings of the earth goddess found at Teotihuacan. 

Nuclear Reactors Existed on Earth Two Billion Years Ago 

Nuclear physics is a relatively young science. Humans created the first man-made nuclear reactor only about 60 years ago, in 1942. However, nuclear reactors existed on the planet two billion years ago. So far, science knows of 17 nuclear reactors located in Gabon, an African country. 

All of these natural reactors were found around uranium deposits in Oklo and Bangomba, in the southeast of Gabon. Nine of 17 reactors were found on completely depleted uranium deposits. These ancient reactors were found in 1972. 

The French chemist Bugzig, who worked at one of nuclear fuel factories, paid attention to an unusual correlation of uranium isotopes in the ore, uranium 235 and uranium 238. This basically makes up 0.007202, whereas Bugzig discovered 0.00717. There were several variants to explain the strange correlation of uranium isotope in the ore. It was originally believed that the ore was poisoned with spent nuclear fuel. However, when they measured the radiation level, it turned out that this theory was wrong. 

Then it became known that the uranium ore with an extremely high uranium 235 constituent was mined in Gabon. At first, it was a mystery why the ore was enriched with the given isotope. Some believed that the uranium deposit was contaminated with spent UFO fuel. Others said that the ore was mined from the place where an ancient civilization stored its radioactive wastes. However, further research showed that the unusual ore appeared in a natural way. The products of deep radioactive decay found in the ore proved that nuclear reactions happened on the site of the uranium deposit two billion years ago. 

Natural nuclear reactors were possible because of the fact that there used to be more uranium 235 on Earth there is currently. A nuclear reaction requires not less than three percent of 235 isotopes in uranium. In addition to that, there should be good space and no neutron-absorbing materials. The reactors in Gabon worked for about one million years. 

It is impossible for such natural nuclear reactors to appear nowadays. The uranium 235 concentration in nature is very low now. Natural reactors are of huge interest to scientists. The reactors are unique objects that cannot be found anywhere else in the world. They allow us learn a lot about our planet's history. They also give us an opportunity to explore the consequences of such long operation of nuclear reactors. Furthermore, the study of the ancient reactors will be helpful in terms of developing radioactive waste disposal technologies. 

Secret Chinese Pyramids Evidence of Alien Visitors?

At the very beginning of the century, two Australian merchants traveled to the vast plains of Sichuan in the central part of China, where they discovered over one hundred pyramids. The Australians asked the superior of the local monastery about the pyramids, and the superior said that they were “very old.” The first record of the pyramids was written over 5,000 years ago; therefore, it is very likely that they are even older. 

The merchants also discovered that the pyramids belonged to the epoch when China was ruled by ancient emperors who believed in the existence of extraterrestrial civilizations. Moreover, the emperors themselves insisted that they were ancestors “of the sons of the sky, who had landed the Earth on iron dragons.” Aliens are alleged to have been the constructors of the pyramids. 

In March 1994, Austrian Hartwig Hausdorf made a trip to the area close to the city of Xi’an, the capital of the Shaanxi province, which is situated in the central part of China. These territories were closed for foreigners. During the tour, the Austrian discovered six legendary pyramids. Hartwig Hausdorf organized another tour to China in October 1994, this time with a video camera. Hausdofr managed to shoot an 18-minute film. When Hausdorf returned home, he decided to watch the film that he had shot in China. However, the Austrian was extremely surprised to see more pyramids in the background. He counted over 100 pyramids standing in an area of 2,000 square kilometers. 

Some of the pyramids are currently in very poor condition, as they were plundered by the local citizens. The pyramids are mostly built of loam and soil; some farmers destroyed the pyramids to take the loam and soil to their fields and used them in the farms. 

When Hausdorf decided to continue his investigation of the pyramids, he faced lots of problems. Although he was allowed to continue his investigation, the Chinese government banned any excavations in the area. 

What kind of constructions are these pyramids? The heights of the pyramids situated in the Sichuan plains are from 25 to 100 meters, with the exception of only one pyramid situated to the north of the rest constructions. It is the so-called Great White Pyramid, which is said to be about 300 meters high. This pyramid can be truly called the mother of all Chinese pyramids. Recently, the Chinese authorities declared the area where the Great White Pyramid stands a closed region, as a launching pad for rockets is situated in that region. 

The Chinese pyramids astonishingly resemble the pyramids in the Central America. Is it possible that the South American pyramids were also constructed by the sons of the sky? 

The Horror of the Deep Blue Sea: Giant Megalodon Shark 

The scientific name of the giant shark literally means a “great tooth.” Megalodon had these big teeth indeed, according to archeological excavations. The ancient Carcharodon Megalodon looked like great white shark (Carcharodon carcharias). The Megalodon shark was a great danger to sea-lion populations. Is it still a great danger? 

Hundreds of Megalodon teeth that have been found in the oceans and rock beds all over the world prove that the giant shark was about 80 feet long (almost 25 meters). Only a sperm-whale is larger than Megalodon, which makes the giant shark the largest predator on Earth ever, including dinosaurs. Scientists say that the giant shark could swallow a small car, but most likely, this is an exaggeration. The shark from the movie “Jaws” is a small fish in comparison with the Megalodon monster shark. However, doesn’t zoology go too far when it says that this monster shark might still live nowadays? 

Great white shark experts Richard Ellis and John E. McCosker included a chapter about Megalodon in their book “Great White Shark” (1991). Richard Ellis wrote that all the fossilized shark teeth found so far indicated that the shark is extinct. However, Ellis added that the discovery a recent tooth of the monster would be a great concern to all zoologists. If this happens, "we would know that the giant shark became extinct quite recently," wrote Ellis, "or is flourishing somewhere in the vastness of the oceans and has simply lost a tooth." 

Can it be possible? Almost everyone who has studied the giant shark realizes that if Megalodon is extinct, it happened not long ago, from the geological point of view. The great Megalodon lived 50 million years ago. However, Ellis affirms that the monster became extinct “recently” – about ten thousand years ago. 

History proves that these large animals might remain hidden from the modern science, especially when it comes to the deep ocean. If the famous coelacanth fish could remain undisturbed for 60 million years, why couldn’t the Megalodon shark survive ten thousand years? To all appearances, Ellis does not see much of a problem there: "Except for the fact that we have not found one, there appears to be no reason why Megalodon might not be flourishing today." Ellis feels that no concrete evidence has been found for Megalodon's current existence. "But there will always be those who keep hoping that one will appear. Let us hope we are not in the water when it does." 

Has it already appeared? Ellis wrote about an amazing incident, which happened in Australia. It was taken from David G. Stead's “Sharks and Rays of Australian Seas,” published in 1963. 

“In the year 1918, I recorded the sensation that had been caused among the "outside" crayfish men at Port Stephens, when, for several days, they refused to go to their regular fishing grounds in the vicinity of Broughton Island. The men had been at work on the fishing grounds--which lie in deep water--when an immense shark of almost unbelievable proportions put in an appearance, lifting pot after pot containing many crayfishes, and taking, as the men said, "pots, mooring lines, and all." 

Those crayfish pots were three feet and six inches in diameter. They basically contained up to three dozens large crayfish, each weighing several pounds. All the people who saw it said that the shark was unimaginably monstrous. However, the lengths that they gave were absurd. Most likely, they were overwhelmed with what they saw. But these were men who were used to the sea, all sorts of weather, and all kinds of sharks. One of those men said that that shark was at least 300 feet (92 meters) long. Others said that it was as long as their pier: almost 115 feet (35 meters). 

The men said that the water was “boiling,” when the fish swam past. They all saw huge whales swimming in the ocean, but they were all unanimous that it was an immense shark. They saw its horrible head, which was "at least as long as the roof on the wharf shed at Nelson's Bay." Furthermore, all the men said that the shark was of the ghostly whitish color. The deep blue sea is full of monsters, as you can see. 

Tunguska Meteorite Fragments Must Be in a Different Place

Professor of physical chemistry from the Altay State University Vladislav Batenkov thinks that traces of the Tunguska meteorite should not have been searched for not directly under the meteorite’s course, but rather in the opposite direction. 

Professor Batenkov graduated from the Chemistry Department of Tomsk State University; he currently deals with transistor electrochemistry. He has published several substantial monographs. Vladislav Batenkov is the creator of 14 inventions. The professor said in an interview to the newspaper Altayskaya Pravda: “The mystery of the Tunguska meteorite can be solved with the help of the physicochemical properties of water. The explanation is based upon water’s ability to decompose in oxygen and hydrogen at temperatures of over 1000 degrees centigrade. At the temperature of 5000 degrees centigrade, the decomposition occurs with detonation. When the temperature of the oxygen and hydrogen (the detonating mixture) drops below 1000 degrees centigrade, water is generated again together with the detonation. 

Calculations have revealed that total amount of heat necessary to turn 1 kg of meteorite ice into decomposition products (warming of ice, ice melting, water heating, water evaporation, heating of the steam, and decomposition of water vapor) is about 30.000 kilo joule per one kilogram. The quantity of heat exuded at the deceleration of a one-kilogram meteorite to the zero speed will be equal to its initial kinetic energy. Let’s assume that the speed at which the meteorite hits the Earth is 20 km per second. Then, the quantity of heat exuded at the deceleration will be about 200.000 kilo joule per kilogram. This is seven times more than necessary for melting, heating, evaporation, and decomposition of water for the initial components. 

However, not the whole quantity of heat will be spent on the water’s decomposition; a considerable quantity of heat will quickly disperse in the atmosphere because of the high difference between the temperatures and the meteorite’s high speed in the atmosphere. Obviously, only the front part of the meteorite has all the conditions necessary for an increase of the pressure and temperature enough for water decomposition. 

So, the falling of the Tunguska meteorite was as follows. A huge chunk of ice entered the atmosphere at an acute angle, and then it started decelerating increasing in temperature. There is evidence proving that the meteorite’s glow was first noticed near the city of Vladivostok, and the meteorite’s deceleration was registered at 4,000 kilometers, near the Podkamennaya Tunguska River basin. The ice chunk increased in temperature along the way, especially the front of the meteorite. 

The meteorite started splitting into separate fragments. That is why several differently glowing objects could have been observed by the end of the deceleration. By that moment, the gases reached a maximum compression, and fragments of the meteorite increased in temperature to several thousand degrees. At the end of the motion, the clouds of water decomposition products (detonating gas) compressed as a result of the fragments’ deceleration and increase in temperature and detonated in the atmosphere after quick expansion and cooling. Forest fires and concentric forest falls were the consequences of the detonation. Dust particles melted and fell down in the form of small beads. It is likely that when the gas detonated, some tail-end parts of the ice lump were cast away in a different, south-east direction. Thus, the remains of the meteorite should have been searched for not along the meteorites course, but in the opposite direction.” 

Professor Vladislav Batenkov can provide calculations proving his hypothesis. He stresses that the Tunguska meteorite mystery hasn’t been explained yet with water decomposition into components and explosion of detonating gas. According to the professor, it is difficult to determine the total scale of the meteorite’s impact upon the atmosphere of the Earth, because the initial mass of the meteorite and the speed at which it hit the planet are unknown. If we assume that the speed was 20 kilometers per second and consider “an awful explosion equal to two thousands Hiroshima's,” we can estimate the mass of the Tunguska meteorite. According to Batenkov’s calculations, the mass of the meteorite made up 40,000 tons. 

Bodily Organs Have Their Own Circadian Clocks 

Everybody knows the body has Circadian rhythms. Interestingly, scientists have discovered that the organs in our body are just like numerous independent beings with their own internal clocks. 

Scientists believed that the circadian rhythm of a body was strictly controlled by the master clock located in the brain, but they now discovered that this is not true. In an article published in the May issue of Nature (Vol. 417, 78 - 83 (2002)), researchers from Harvard Medical School and some other research institutes reported an interesting discovery. By studying the tissues from the hearts and livers of mice, they discovered that the physiological activities of a body were controlled by the local circadian clocks of the organs in the body. The chiming of each organ clock triggers different waves of gene activities, which can be adjusted over time to accommodate new schedules and life paces. The different organ clocks appear to be strikingly idiosyncratic in appearance. For example, the clock located in the liver and the one in the heart use very different sets of genes to perform the functions that are basically the same. In the article, Weitz explained, "Different tissues have to be cycling for different reasons. This allows organs to reset their activities according to their own priorities, which makes a lot of sense." 

The discovery shows that the organs have their own relatively independent metabolic activities. Ancient Chinese science actually regards these organs as independent lives. For example, the Tao school believes that our human body is a universe with various kinds of lives in it. Traditional Chinese medicine also treats each organ as an independent systems and each different organ with different attributes. They have their own independent life activities, while interacting with each other. For example, in traditional Chinese medicine, there is a theory of Five Elements: kidney belongs to water, liver belongs to wood, lung belongs to metal, pancreas belongs to soil, and so on. 

Different organs interact with each other via the principle of mutual-generation and mutual-inhibition among the Five Elements. Moreover, ancient Chinese science believes that all things in the world have their own spirits, and therefore one would pay attention to the time and season for picking tea leaves. In addition, there are strict requirements on the virtue of the persons who pick the herbs and teas. In a prescription of traditional Chinese medicine, different components play different roles, including the “emperor”, the “officials”, the “assistants”, and the “ambassador.” The belief that everything has its own spirit is consistent with scientific experiments. 

On the Age of the Universe and the Earth 

Currently, there are two major methods to estimate the age of the universe. The first method is to measure the faintest white dwarf stars in the globular cluster. This method is based on the current theory of stellar evolution. Scientists believe that the globular clusters are the oldest galaxies in the universe and white dwarf stars are among the oldest stars in the galaxy. Furthermore, the fainter a dwarf star, the older it is. A white dwarf star is a star of mass comparable to that of the Sun with a volume similar to the Earth. It could be over a million times denser than water. A white dwarf cools down gradually for radiating heat or light. Therefore, by calculating the time it needs to cool down, scientists can estimate its age and the age of the universe. 

Using the latest dwarf data from the Hubble Telescope, scientists estimated that the age of the universe is 13-14 billion years old. 

The second method uses the Hubble Constant (H0) which is based on the popular Big Bang theory of cosmology to estimate the age of the universe. Modern astronomical observation shows that our universe is expanding so the distances between galaxies are increasing. The Hubble’s Law states that there is a simple proportional relationship between the receding speed of two galaxies and the distance between them, i.e., v = H0×d. Assuming that the Hubble constant H0 is a constant, by measuring the receding speed and the distance between the two galaxies, the inverse of H0 1/ H0 = d/v thus gives the time since the “Big Bang.” The latest result using this method gives the age of the universe of about 13 billion years. 

However, the latest astronomical observation confirmed that the universe is driven by a mysterious force and the expansion rate is increasing. Therefore, the Hubble Constant is not really a constant. Furthermore, recently a great number of astonishing astronomical discoveries (such as the birth of great numbers of new stars in many old galaxies, the combinations and regenerations of many galaxies, vast number of starbursts, mysterious dark matter, and frequent Gamma Ray Bursts, etc.) showed that our knowledge about the universe is too limited. So it is very possible that our estimation of the age of the universe could be far from the truth. 

Currently, more and more new discoveries in astronomy are raising serious questions about the current cosmology theory and scientists are gradually changing their views of the universe. Recently, Professor Paul Steinhardt at the University of Princeton and Professor Neil Turok at the University of Cambridge proposed the “cyclic model of the universe.” Their theory claims that the universe has neither start nor end and has been forming and reforming for eternity. According to BBC News, the professors who proposed the theory said the universe had to be this way to enable us to explain a great mystery: Why stars and galaxies are receding (expanding) and separating further and further away. The universe is already full of mysteries and is beyond our imagination. There are black holes, quark stars, and particles which regenerate from the void and annihilate into nothing. 

Professor Steinhardt said that the outcome of these formulas show that the universe has no start or end and that series of “Big Bangs” will continue for eternity. He said, “What we're proposing in this new picture is that the Big Bang is not a beginning of time but really just the latest in an infinite series of cycles, in which the Universe has gone through periods of heating, expanding, cooling, stagnating, emptying, and then re-expanding again.” According to the theory, our universe will continue to expand and then have another “Big Bang” in a corner of the universe. After this, the process will start again. They pointed out that the current universe was born on the debris of the last universe. Scientists are constructing the new generation instruments both on the Earth and in space to evaluate the model. 

The renowned method of measuring the age of the Earth now in the science community is the method of half-life of radioactive isotopes. The method examines the relationship of the normalized ratios of the parent and the daughter elements in old rocks and uses it to estimate the age of the earth (so called Isochron dating). There are three major assumptions: 1. The earth was originally formed from interstellar gas and the oldest rocks were formed as the Earth was cooling down; 2. The crystallites inside these rocks were isolated from the environment since they were formed, i.e., there is no material exchange between the crystallites and the environment; 3. The half-lives of the elements used for dating are constant. Using this method with the oldest rocks ever found on the earth gives an age of 3.8-3.9 billion years. The rocks on the moon are older, which gives an age of 4.5 billion years. The best age quoted in the science community, 4.54 billion years, was actually the age of the oldest meteorite in the solar system, because scientists believe it should be as old as the Earth. 

Strictly speaking, one could conclude that the age a method gives is merely the age of the rocks on the earth. It is “model dependent,” if, however, the earth is not formed by the way as scientists currently expect, i.e., from the interstellar gas, but from the rocks in the spaces combined together under some mechanism, the age of the rock will greatly differ from the age of the Earth. For example, if we measure the age of the rock in the base of a house and use it as an estimation of the age of a house, the age we get will be certainly much larger than its true value. A better way to estimate the age of a house probably is to measure the thickness of dust collected on its main beam or observe how much it has eroded. The same principle holds for estimating the age of the earth. Actually, in history, there were many people who tried to estimate the age of the Earth by measuring the thickness of the sediment on Earth and the ages they got were really much smaller than those from the radioactive isotope dating method. 

The famous ones are A. Keikie (1868) and T.H. Huxley (1869)’s 100 million years; J. Joly (1908) and W. J. Sullas (1909)’s 80 million years; T. M. Reade (1893)’s 95 million and Charles D. Walcott (1893)’s 35-80 million years. After modern radioactive isotope dating became available, these methods were gradually forgotten. The main reason is that the ages these methods reached were far smaller than those from the isotope dating. Scientists nowadays believe that the age of the Earth is the same as the age of the oldest rocks on the Earth. Another reason is these methods have to deal with the complicated process of geological evolution of the Earth and some features are difficult to determine precisely . 

Currently, the astronomical observations imply that our Earth may go through tremendous changes in its history. For example, Dr. Tim Spahr, an astronomer of the Minor Planets Center of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center in Harvard University thinks that, statistically, there should be an asteroid of a diameter of more than 6 miles striking the Earth every 100 million years and the Earth will change dramatically after the collision. 

Scientists believed that half-lives of elements are constant. However, there is a paper published in the latest issue of Nature (Volume 418, p602). It reported that a team of astronomers from South Wales University in Australia discovered by analyzing the atomic spectrum emitted by old galaxies that the fine-structure constant is changing with time. They concluded that the speed of light in a vacuum is not constant after finishing some calculations. Since the half-life of an element depends on the speed of light, if it is indeed the case that the speed of light is not constant, determination of the ages of rocks from the isotope dating is suspicious. 

Signs of Heavenly Rage in China

Since early 2002, China has been hit hard by continuous abnormal disasters. According to a summary report of the first half of the year by meteorologists at the China State Meteorological Administration, the disasters caused by abnormal weather were not limited to local or small areas, but rather prevailed all over China. Meteorologists say that sporadic natural disasters impacting all of China are very rare at this time of year. 

According to meteorologists, weather conditions during the first half of 2002 were extremely volatile and unpredictable. China was hit by a spring drought followed by floods. Most areas frequently experienced continuous heat, thunderstorms, hail and hurricanes. Strong sandstorms prevailed over large areas. During the past spring, 12 sandstorms swept across China, composed of one sand gust, seven sandstorms, and four severe sand tornados. These sandstorms were far more intense in terms of their force, length of time period, and affected areas, than those during the same period of last year. 

From January to March 2002, very low rainfall and continuous rise in the temperatures of China’s major agricultural areas lead to early spring droughts in a large number of areas. Some areas experienced drought from last winter till mid-May. In some areas, no precipitation occurred for about 200 days. The winter droughts continued into the spring, a very rare phenomenon---unheard of for the last several decades. In Guangdong province alone 1,300 dams have dried up because of the continuous dry weather. 

From April to June 2002, there was frequent rainfall of uneven distribution in most areas of China. Though the drought conditions were relieved to some extent, some areas experienced floods. From the second half of April to the first half of May, the middle to the downstream of the Yangtze River was bracing itself in a steady drizzle. Some areas were hit by heavy torrential rains and impacted by floods. At the Dongting and Boyang lakes, heavy rainfall caused the water to rise past their upper limits. Yili District of the autonomous Xinjiang region experienced medium to heavy precipitations. Tornados hit some places of Hunan, Zhejiang, Hubei and Anhui provinces. Some areas were seriously damaged by sudden strong hurricanes, thunderstorms and hailstorms. 

During June 2002, three heavy rainfalls hit China. On June 6th and 12th, a heavy rainstorm swept “North” China. Severe flooding affected Shaanxi, Sichuan, Chuongqing, Hubei and Guizhou provinces. Southern Shaanxi province was hit the hardest. On June 10th and 17th, heavy rainfall soaked the central south region of “South” China to the Yangtze River, the central north region of “South” China, and the east region of “Southwest” China, which caused the water level of several rivers (Guangxi Liu, Hunan Xiang, Jiangxi Gan, Fu and Fujian Min) to rise past their flood warning marks. On the 19th and 30th of June, a torrential rain swept the northern region of Jiangnan province, and the Hanjiang and Jianghuai areas, which resulted in heavy flooding in some areas. In addition, during the last ten days of June, some areas of “North” China, and the Yellow and Huai rivers in northeast China experienced cold weather and continuous drizzles. The “Plum Rain” that normally is seen only in “South” China was visible in a soaked Beijing. [ The Plum Rain refers to the rainy season in early summer when plums are ripening in southeastern China.] 

Since July, the weather in China continues to be volatile and unpredictable. Continuous heat and heavy rainfalls characterize the weather. Floods, streams of mud and rocks, hurricanes, and hailstorms, without any warning signs, bombarded some areas. From July 1st to July 3rd, most areas of China were enveloped by heavy rain. The northwest, northeast, north, southwest, central China, east, and southeast China experienced continuous precipitations. Rainfall in most areas significantly exceeded the amount during the same period of time of last year. China faced the worst flooding everywhere. 

While the country was being hit by floods, east and central China, as well as Guangdong province were suffering from heat waves. In mid July, Beijing continuously basked in the worst heat wave in 50 years. The Beijing Meteorological Observatory reported that the highest temperature in July was 104 degrees Fahrenheit, which broke the record of the high temperature for Beijing in the last 40 years. On July 19, Zhenzhou city was attacked by a thunderstorm, a hurricane and egg-size hail. The 30-minute hailstorm brought severe damages. On July 4th, Harbin and Changchun cities were also attacked by hailstorms. 

On August 1 and August 3, torrential rain poured on the mountainous area north of Beijing. Six villages in Shicheng Town, Miyun County and four sightseeing spots at Taoyuan Xiangu were hit by mud-and-rock flows. On August 4th, most areas of Jilin City in Jilin Province were severely damaged by floods. One of the cities in this area, Shulan city, had experienced the second severest flood since 1949 and suffered substantial losses. The tropical storm, Beimian, landed at East Guangdong province in the early morning of August 5th. Most areas of East Guangdong province suffered damages of various degrees. 

Since August 11th, heavy rainfall again swept Hunan province from north to south. Heavy flooding of the Yangtze River resulted in an abrupt rise of water level in Dongting Lake. On the 22nd, the water level reached 34.6 meters, which exceeded the flood warning level by 1.6 meters. The water level at Chenglingji by Dongting Lake was expected to rise by eight o’clock on August 25 to about 35 meters, which would be the fourth highest record of water level in the lake’s history, and would threaten the lives of millions. 

All these weather phenomena appear to be very rare and unusual. A rare warm winter led to winter droughts followed by spring drought. The Plum Rain, typical in the south of China, enveloped “North” China. Record-breaking high temperatures were accompanied by torrential rains and flooding. It was as though Yin and Yang lost their balance. Sudden hurricanes and hailstorms hit China with mysterious speed. Sand storms clouded the sky over China. As the saying goes, “When the weather is favorable [for raising crops], the country is prosperous and the people live in peace.” The converse is the case now. Severe disasters and natural calamities have prevailed throughout China in the last few years. 

Why? Man can ill afford committing crimes that violate the laws of Heaven. While the leaders of China have tried to stage shows of peace and prosperity, the Heavens have spoken through abnormal weather. What dark secrets could be lying underneath the flourishing economy in China? Behold! In the afternoon of July 29th, snowflakes fell on the town of Linzi , Zibo City (Shandong province). In addition, it snowed in Wenzhou on the afternoon of August 5th. Aren’t these weather conditions the most incomprehensible phenomena? What appalling crimes on earth could have provoked the celestial powers to display such heavenly rage? 

White Blood Cells Are Much More Active and Dynamic in their Native Environment 

According to a news report on Science Daily, May 16, 2002 from California, Irvine, scientists in University of California, Irvine found for the first time that white blood cells are much more active and dynamic than previously assumed and show complex behaviors for responding to foreign bodies. The results were published on May, 2002 issue of scientific journal Science. 

Ian Parker, Professor of Neurobiology and Behavior and Michael Cahalan, Professor of Physiology and Biophysics and their coworkers adapted a technique called two-photon imaging to observe individual white blood cells in mice as the cells moved within lymph nodes in the body. The ultra-fast laser pulses from the two-photon imaging system allow imaging of cells lying relatively deep within tissues, and the technique allowed the researchers to observe the cells' behavior in ways that had never been possible using previous techniques. 

The previous studies were limited to observing the white blood cells away from their native environment. This study was the first time researchers have seen single immune system cells operating in intact lymph nodes, their native environment in the body, and gives new insight into the tactics used by these cells to fight the disease. White blood cells include T cells and B cells. T cells, which are responsible for directing the body's immune response against foreign bodies (including pathogens) explored a much wider territory within the lymph node than did B cells, which produce antibodies that help target foreign bodies for destruction. 

The researchers found that T cells and B cells move much faster in their native lymph nodes than seen in previous research and that the cells appear to move randomly when not stimulated by any number of chemical signals or foreign bodies. The researchers also noticed that T cells abruptly changed their shape, speed and direction, suggesting that they were interacting with some unseen body or signal as they explored the environment within the lymph node. 

"These environmental interactions may be key to understanding how white cells function in a living animal and provide valuable insight for the development of new immunosuppressive drugs," one of the researchers, Mark Miller said. 

This discovery raises some questions about the skill with which modern science deals with some problems. In order to describe the problems in quantifiable ways, modern science usually has to first simplify the problems. This can cause neglect of factors that are labeled as insignificant ones, such as linearization, or divides the whole system into numerous parts and begin with one of them. However, for some complex systems such as the human body, many factors are interconnected and none of the interactions should be neglected. 

Thus, for these systems, such simplifications probably fail. In studying microscopic particles, modern science also usually can only observe one single particle. So whether the results can truly reveal the truth of the microscopic world is subject to doubt. The way that ancient Chinese science studied an object was to target it as a whole and undivided system. This approach might be able to provide a lot of unique insights on complex systems such as the human body, life and the universe. We can see a tiny part of this from the theories and practice of traditional Chinese medicine. 

Evidence of Water in Atmospheres of Planets Orbiting Distant Stars 

According to a news report on Sept. 19th from newscientist.com web site, scientists found signs of water in the atmosphere of planets orbiting distant stars. Because water is thought to be a basic substance for life, if this discovery is confirmed it would provide evidence supporting the idea that there is life in outer space. 

"This would be a historic discovery." says Cristiano Cosmovici of the Institute for Cosmic and Planetary Sciences in Rome, whose team made the discovery. 

Cosmovici’s team has looked for water on 17 stars, all of which are thought to have planetary systems or cometary clouds. His team used the 32-metre Medicina radio telescope near Bologna to look for water "maser" emissions. These are telltale microwaves that might come from water in a planet's atmosphere when it is bathed in the infrared light of its star. Three of the planetary systems are producing the emission. "This result is astonishing if it's true," says Geoff Marcy, a leading planet hunter from the University of California at Berkeley. 

One of the planetary systems orbits the star Upsilon Andromedae, about 50 light years away. There are three planets in this system, with minimum masses of about 0.7, 2.1 and 4.6 times the mass of Jupiter. They are all gas giants like Jupiter, although it is possible that the system could also contain undetected rocky planets like Earth. There are also signs of water near two much closer stars: Epsilon Eridani, a Sun-like star 10 light years away, and Lalande 21185, a red dwarf about 8 light years away. Between them they may have three planets with a similar mass to Jupiter. 

"Water's at the top of the shopping list of ingredients for life," says Hugh Jones of Liverpool John Moores University, whose team announced a new Jupiter-mass planet this week. "This is a very exciting first step." 

But these particular planets are unlikely to host life. “These gas giants presumably have no solid or liquid surface," says Tim Brown of the High Altitude Observatory in Boulder, Colorado. "Their atmospheres are probably inimical to life as we know it, and at least some of them are far too hot to give life a chance." 

Although having water does not necessarily make a planet habitable, the result would at least show that one of the key chemicals for life is common on alien worlds. On other planets that are more similar to the Earth (For example, planets have solid or liquid surface and temperature is not too high), there might be a good chance to harbor living beings like those on our planet.

Closer to home, it is believed that oceans might be found under the icy crust of Jupiter's moons Ganymede, Europa and Callisto. More recently, moons of other planets in our system, including Titan, which orbits Saturn, and Neptunian moons Triton and Varuna have provided evidence of possible oceans of liquid water under ice. The evidence for the oceans comes from three areas: magnetic effects observed by the passing spacecraft, surface features that suggest there could be an ocean beneath them and calculations of heat flow from Europa's and other moons’ interiors. 

Scientist always puzzled by the fact that no life has been detected beyond the earth in the vast regions of the space. However, the cultivation community has a simple explanation. Life is teeming in our universe in different levels, but we have not found it simply because almost all of it is living in other dimensions and does not directly appear in ours. The Chinese saying “Three feet above one’s head there are spiritual beings” reflects this understanding. 

Ice Ages on Earth Related to the Position of the Earth in the Galaxy 

According to a BBC report published on July 31, 2002, Dr Nir Shaviv, of the University of Toronto, Canada, has put forward evidence for a correlation between changes in the flux of cosmic rays reaching the Earth and the timing of past ice ages. He believes that the cosmic rays are from stars that explode as we leave a galactic spiral arm. The increased cosmic ray flux triggers ice ages on Earth. 

Some scientists believe that galactic spiral arms are not permanent, rigid features of a galaxy, and instead they are transient, formed from so-called density waves that travel around the galaxy every 500 million years or so. Many short-lived massive stars are born in the wake of the density wave and within a million years or so explode as supernovae just behind the spiral arm. 

These supernovae are, according to Dr Shaviv, a major source of cosmic rays. He believes that the Earth is exposed to more cosmic rays when it leaves a galactic spiral arm than at other times. He deduced the Earth's exposure to cosmic rays by looking at the cosmic ray exposure of over 30 meteorites that were exposed to space for long periods during the past billion years before they fell to Earth. Dr Shaviv says that this timescale agrees with the frequency of major ice ages in the Earth's geological past. It also agrees with our Solar System's passages through the spiral arms. "Statistically, it turns out to be a very good agreement if you take into account all the uncertainties," he told BBC News Online. For example, about 70 million years ago our Solar System entered the Sagittarius-Carina spiral arm. There is evidence that following this the Earth's global temperature was reduced by about eight degrees Celsius. 

The research is published in Physical Review Letters. It clearly still needs further confirming studies. But the fact that it has established a clear correlation between the weather on earth and the position of Earth in the galaxy is very interesting. Even though we still have yet to understand this phenomenon well, people in ancient China were already very knowledgeable on the subject. Because of that, they talked about cosmic timing, and stressed “heaven and humans into one” and “using the stars to predict cosmic changes.” Many other ancient civilizations throughout history placed similar importance on the importance of cosmic changes. For example, according to a Mayan prophecy, from 1992 to 2012, these twenty years is called “Earth Regeneration period.” It is a very important period of time, after which Earth will fall into the same step with the rest of the galaxy. During this period of time, Earth will undergo “Earth Purification.” 

How Life Began and the Many Forms of Life 

An article titled “How Life Began” published in Time magazine on July 29th, 2002, revealed some of the most inconceivable forms of life. Scientists have recently found that microbes can survive in the most extreme of environments. They can thrive in boiling heat, freezing cold, radiation, and toxic chemicals. These findings have triggered a revolution in biology. (1) 

It's hard to imagine a more inhospitable place on earth than the hydrothermal vents that covers the ocean floor. These cracks in the sea bottom spew water that is superheated by rising magma to as high as 750 degrees F and is contaminated by toxic substances such as hydrogen sulfide, cadmium, arsenic and lead. Unbelievably, even in these lethal conditions there does exist life that not only survives but also thrives. 

The frozen continent of Antarctica is almost equally deadly, but it sits on the other end of the temperature spectrum. Drilling into a thick ice cap three miles below the surface, scientists reached a body of underground water known as Lake Vostok that rivals Lake Ontario in size. Although, Lake Vostok hovers near the freezing point, cut off from light and outside nutrients, it is teeming with microorganisms. Scientists studying the samples were marveled by this discovery because no one believed that life could exist down there. 

Remarkable as these discoveries might have once seemed, they have become almost commonplace. Over the past few years, scientists have continued to find microbes thriving in extreme environments. Scientists have been finding life in all sorts of places where biology textbooks say it shouldn't exist, such as at high temperatures, deep underground, in highly concentrated salt water, near toxic metals, and even radiation. In the past, these findings seemed little more than a biological oddity, but the new collective body of evidence has triggered a scientific revolution, forcing researchers to reexamine biology's most basic assumptions about how life began. 

In addition, when biologists looked carefully at the microorganism’s genes, they realized that while these microbes shared bacteria’s key feature --- the absence of a distinct nucleus --- their genes more closely resembled those of more advanced cells. The implication of this discovery is that life on earth may not have first arisen in a warm tidal pool as Darwin theorized. Consequently, some scientists have started to reexamine Darwin’s theory of evolution. 

These findings have also inspired scientists to explore the possibility of life beyond Earth. People once believed that life could only exist in habitable environments as defined by biology textbooks. The recent discovers of life in extreme environments has transformed biology. It is now humbling to find microorganisms where you never imagined they could exist

Atlantis Under Antarctica?

After WW II, scientists started to pay close attention to the issue of a supposedly once-existing civilization in Antarctica. The hypothesis is confirmed by some medieval maps and research of pale geologists and glaciologists. 

In January of 1820, Lieutenant of Russian Empire Fleet Mikhail Lazarev discovered a new continent. In the beginning of 20th century, a Russian encyclopedia, while adducing the approximate square mileage of south pole continent, reported that it was insufficiently explored and there was no flora and fauna. The author of the article also mentioned the richness of the algae and sea life. 

Twenty years later, the director of the Istanbul National Museum, Khalil Edkhem, was sorting out a library of the Byzantine emperors in an old palace. He found an ancient map made on gazelle skin. On the map, there were the shores of western and southern Africa, as well as the northern shores of Antarctica. Khalil could not believe his eyes: the shores of the Queen Mod Land, to the south of the 70th parallel, was free of ice. An ancient cartographer marked a mountain chain there. The name of the cartographer was known: an admiral of the Ottoman Empire fleet, Piri Reis, who lived in the first half of 16th century. 

The map’s authenticity was without doubt. Graphology examinations of the notes on the margin confirmed that they belonged to the admiral. In 1949, a combined British and Swedish expedition conducted intensive seismic measurements of the South Pole through the ice cap. According to the commander of 8th Technical Investigation Squadron of the US Armed Force Strategic Command, Colonel Harold Olmayer, “ the geographical details of the bottom part of the map (the shore of Antarctica) correspond with the results of the seismic measurements. We cannot correlate these data with the supposed level of geography in 1513.” 

In his notes on the map’s margin, made in the early 16th century, Piri Reis explained that he was not responsible for the cartography and that the map was based on earlier sources. Some of these “earlier sources” belong to his contemporaries (for example, to Christopher Columbus), while others could be dated to the 4th century B. C. Not later, because one of these sources belonged to Alexander the Great. 

Of course, professional historians who specialize in ancient history could say the following: “This is only one more hypothesis. What about documentary and, what is more desirable, trust-worthy sources? The opinion of the Turkish admiral and notes on a margin… You know, it is too disputable!” 

Therefore, I would like to present the position of the late historian and professor of Keene College in New Hampshire, USA, Charles H. Hapgood. In the late 1959, he found in the Washington Congressional Library a map created by Orontheus Phynius in 1531. Orontheus Phynius depicted Antarctica with mountains and rivers, without glaciers. The relief of the continent’s center was not marked, which, according to Hapgood, could mean that there had been an ice cap in that area. 

In the early 1960s, Phynius’ map was studied by Doctor Richard Stratchen of the Massachusetts Technology Institute together with Hapgood. Both scientists concluded that Phynius had indeed depicted Antarctica free of ice. The characteristics depicted were very close to the information that was obtained in 1958 by specialists from different countries 

Gerard Cremer, known in the world as Mercator, also trusted Orontheus’ evidence. He included the Phynius map into his atlas, in which several maps of Antarctica by Mercator himself were also included. There is one interesting feature: on Mercator’s map of 1569, the west shore of South America is pictured less accurately than on the earlier map of Mercator from 1538. The reasons for this contradiction are the following: while working at the earlier map, the cartographer of 16th century proceeded from ancient sources, which were not kept for our time, and while working at the later map, he proceeded from observations of the first Spanish explorers to South America. Gerard Mercato’s mistake can be excused. In the 16th century, there were no precise methods to measure longitude: as a rule, an error could have been hundreds of kilometers! 

Finally, we come to Philippe Boiche, full member of the French Academy of Science. In 1737, he published his map of Antarctica. Boiche presented a precise picture of Antarctica of the time when the continent was free of ice. On his map, the under-ice topography of the continent is presented, about which our civilization had no clear idea until 1958. Moreover, based on now-lost sources, the French academician depicted in the middle of the South Pole a body of water dividing it into two sub-continents, which were situated to the west and to the east from the line, where the Trans-Antarctic Mountains are now marked. According to the investigation in the framework of International Geophysical Year (1958), Antarctic is in fact an archipelago of large islands covered with 1.5-kilometers of ice. 

Medieval maps show Antarctica without an ice cap or partially covered with ice. The precision of the 16th century cartographers was very high and even surprising. Their data surpassed the technical possibilities even of the late Middle Ages (for example, the determination of the longitude of a relief within one minute). This level was reached by mankind in the late 18th century, while in some cases, the 20th. 

Scientists cannot comment on the high scientific level of medieval cartography. Information from almost 2000-year-old primary sources is supposed to be not well-founded.Orthodox geology claimed that the age of the Antarctica ice cap was at least 25 million years; however, recently, it has been reduced to six million years 

Therefore, we should notice the following feature of the Reis map: the shore of the continent was free of ice. On the Phynius map, made 18 years after the Reis map, there is an ice cap around the South Pole within the limits of 80th and the 75th parallels. Two hundred years later, academician Boiche depicted Antarctica with glaciers. 

The conclusion is obvious: we can see the process of the spreading of glaciers on the southern continent. 

In 1949, Admiral Baird’s expedition bore holes into the Ross Sea in three spots, where Orontheus Phynius marked river-beds. In the cuts, fine-grained layers were found, obviously brought to the sea with rivers, whose sources were situated in temperate latitudes (i.e. free of glaciers). 

While using the nuclear dating method of doctor U. Oury from the Karnegy Institute in Washington, scientists discovered that Antarctica’s rivers, which were sources of fine-dyspersated deposits, were flowing as depicted on the Phynius map, about 6,000 years ago. About 4000 years B. C., glacial sediments started to accumulate on the bottom of Ross Sea. Kernels show that before this, there was a long warm period. 

Therefore, the maps of Reis, Phynius, and Mercator present Antarctica when the ancient Egyptian and Shumer civilizations were newborn. This point of view is excluded by almost all professional historians and could be regarded as an operating hypothesis that cannot be verified. Any historian would say that there were no civilization of the kind in the late 5th millenium B. C. According to Doctor Jacob Hock from Illinois University, the deposits in-question could be 6 to 12 thousand years old. 

In September 1991, US and Egyptian archaeologists discovered at a distance of 13 km from Nile River, in Abidos, 12 large boats that belonged to Pharaohs of First Dynasty. The age of the boats is about 5,000 years. They are believed to be the most ancient vessels in the world, the leader of the expedition, D. O’Connor far, the find is estimated to be aimed for religious rites. 

According to Herodotus, ancient Egyptians tracked stars more than 10,000 years ago. This statement of the “father of history” is supposed to be esoteric and, therefore, not true. However, land nations seldom produced astronomers. The fact that ancient Egyptians were interested in astronomy may indicate that they inherited some knowledge from an unknown civilization of navigators. 

Workers of US technical intelligence determined the projection center of the Piri Reis map, whose data belongs to 4000 year B. C. The projection center was supposedly situated near today’s Cairo. At that time, according to most historians, all then-existing nations were at a very low level of development. 

Between the 5th and 10th milleniums B. C., there was a civilization on Earth that possessed great knowledge in the field of navigation, cartography, and astronomy, which was no less advanced than that that of the 18th century. 

This civilization preceded our civilization, and it was not an extraterrestrial one. Its age could be several thousands years, while its location was probably on the northern shore of the most southern continent, or archipelago: Antarctica. Later, this civilization may have resettled to the north-east of Africa. 

The reason for the death of the civilization was the covering of Antarctica with glaciers. This process started no earlier not than in 10th millenium B. C. It cannot be excluded that there were also large-scale floods, which were regular and cause long-term local deluges (this is confirmed by archaeologists). These disasters could have destroyed most of the civilization’s cultural objects. However, some fragments might be found in the future under the thickness of ice. It can also be assumed that the survivors of Antarctica kept and handed down knowledge to the ancient Egyptians. 

Therefore, if there will ever be an extensive exploration of Antarctica, mankind will most likely be surprised with the results.