인권문제

인권문제

1.어린이 인권 문제

1)거리의 ‘챠우체스코 아이들’

약 15만명의 어린이들이 거리에서 기거하고 있다. 그리고 약 15만명의 고아 아닌 고아들이 열악한 고아원 환경에서 생활하고 있다.

2)어린이 AIDS

1995년 9월6일자 "루마니아 자유"조간신문에 뉴욕타임즈 8월31일자 ‘루마니아의 어린이 에이즈환자’에 관한 기사를 인용했다. 89년이후 3000명의 어린이 에이즈환자가 발생해서 이미 1000명의 아이들은 사망했다고 한다. 대부분의 어린아이들이 병원에서 감염되었다는 사실이다. 원인은 주사기 바늘로 그리고 두번째는 감염된 주사기 사용(일회용 주사기 재사용) 부쿠레시티의 한병원에서 환자들을 검진한 결과 올해 5월까지 5개월간 107명의 에이즈감염자를 발견작년에는 206명의 환자를 발견했다고 한다.

2.여성의 인권

루마니아의 전체적인 민도수준이 북한과 알제리와 함께 130개국중에서 98번째이며 성에 대한 국민의 민도 수준은 측정될 수 없을 정도라고 통계되었다. 월드컵 4강진출1995년

3.인권 사례-미국 CIA자료중 일부

1)Political and Other Extrajudicial Killing

On January 23 in Satu-Mare, three policemen arrested Istvan Kiss in his house. They told him that he had to witness a trial, but instead took him to a police station. Two hours later Kiss was found severely injured in a street and died on the way to a hospital. The case was still under investigation by the military prosecutor at year's end. The case of a railway police officer charged in 1993 with abuse leading to the death of a beggar is still not resolved. The prison sentence of two police officers charged with torture and murder in a 1992 case was reduced to 10 years on appeal. The trial of two secret service officers accused of murdering three citizens in 1991 continued at year's end.

2)Prison conditions are poor, facilities are overcrowded and unhealthy, and medical assistance is meager. Credible reports indicated that beatings have occurred. Prisons continued to use the "cell boss" system in which some prisoners are designated to be in semiofficial charge of others.

3)Arbitrary Arrest, Detention, or Exile

The law forbids detention for more than 24 hours without an arrest order from a prosecutor, who may order an extension for up to 30 more days. The law requires the authorities to inform a detainee of the charges and of the right to an attorney at all stages of the legal process; police must notify the defendant of this right in a language the defendant understands before obtaining any statement. Detainees have the right to apply for bail and may ask for a hearing before a judge, and this must be granted within 24 hours of such a request. In the absence of a request, the authorities may hold a person for up to 65 days without a court order. However, police often do not inform citizens of their rights. Moreover, the prosecutor's office may delay action on a request for a lawyer for up to 5 days from the date of arrest. In practice, the local bar association provides attorneys to indigents and is compensated by the Ministry of Justice.

4)Arbitrary Interference with Privacy, Family, Home, or Correspondence.

The Constitution provides for legal protection against the search of a residence without a warrant, but this protection is subordinate to "national security or public order." The 1992 National Security Law defines national security very broadly and lists as threats to national security not only crimes such as terrorism, treason, espionage, assassination, and armed insurrection, but also totalitarian, racist, and anti-Semitic actions or attempts to change the existing national borders. Security officials may enter residences without proper authorization from a prosecutor if they deem a threat to national security "imminent."

5)Freedom of Religion

The Constitution provides for religious freedom, and the Government does not generally impede the observance of religious belief. However, several Protestant denominations made credible allegations that low-level government officials harassed them and impeded their efforts at proselytism and worship, including refusal to grant long-term visas to foreign missionaries.

6)According to Ministry of Interior statistics, 706 women were raped in the first 7 months of 1995, with 12 resulting in the death of the victim. In practice, rape goes unpunished due to the difficulty of prosecution in view of the legal requirement for both a medical certificate and a witness.

7)Both the Constitution and international conventions which Romania has adopted grant women and men equal rights. In practice, however, the Government does not enforce these provisions, nor do the authorities focus attention or resources on women's issues. The rate of unemployment for women is significantly higher than for men, and women occupy few influential positions in the private sector. There are few recourses for women experiencing economic discrimination.

8)Children

The Government's system of health care and public education benefits children, but there are no programs for children with special needs. Most resources for children still flow mainly from international agencies and NGO's.

9)There was no perceptible pattern of societal abuse of children. Nevertheless, large numbers of impoverished and apparently homeless but not necessarily orphaned children roamed the streets of the larger cities. No government statistics are available defining the scope of the problem, but deteriorating economic conditions contributed to increased juvenile delinquency and vandalism. Some NGO's cited special concern about the number of minors detained in jail and prison and were seeking alternative solutions, such as parole for juveniles.