Lord Bertrand Russell stuck that smelly pipe in his mouth and ceased gazing at the smokestacks on the horizon. The furrows in his hoary head crinkled a bit more, as he turned to write. Down he sat, puffing. He was alone, but that glint in his demonic eyes glowed as if he spoke to the whole world's future. "At present," he scribbled, "the population of the world is increasing at about 58,000 per diem. War so far, has had no very great effect on this increase, which continued throughout each of the world wars… but perhaps bacteriological war may prove effective. If a Black Death could spread throughout the world once in every generation, survivors could procreate freely without making the world too full. The state of affairs might be unpleasant, but what of it?"

Bertrand Russell was the latest in a tradition of British philosophers, beginning with Thomas Malthus, who attempted to justify the genocidal policies of the British Empire by teaching that the world was overpopulated. Malthus, an employee of the murderous, drug-running British East India Company, falsely asserted in his 1798 Essay on the Principle of Population, that population tends to grows geometrically, while food production can only grow arithmetically. Therefore, "If we dread the too frequent visitation of the horrid form of famine, we should sedulously encourage other forms of destruction, which we compel nature to use. Instead of recommending cleanliness to the poor, we should encourage contrary habits. In our towns we should make the streets narrower, crowd more people into the houses, and court the return of the plague," Malthus wrote.

Before the British, there were the Dutch. In the late 17^th and early 18^th centuries, Dutch colonies in north India were the center of what is now the world's biggest business--the drug trade. By 1750, Dutch ships were bringing more than 100 tons of opium per year to Indonesia, which today, in spite of this fact, is the world's fourth most populous nation. According to one historian, the Dutch had found opium "a useful means for breaking the moral resistance of Indonesians who opposed their semi-servile, but increasingly profitable plantation system." Accordingly, the Dutch deliberately spread the use of opium in order to increase their brutal profits.

However, in 1757, the British moved in. This was the year the British East India Company financed the militarily seizure of Bengal from the Dutch, and moved auspiciously to expand its own, nascent opium trade in the region. Initially, only a few British merchants lined their pockets with the drug profits, and the East India Company was nearly bankrupted. By 1783, however, the favored agent of King George III, Lord William Petty Fitzmaurice Shelburne, had reorganized the East India Company and combined it with another nearly bankrupt entity, the British Empire. Shelburne's strategy to refinance the British Empire was simple--expand the opium trade. Millions of Chinese were the immediate targets of this expansion. The so-called Opium Wars of 1839-42 and 1856-58, in which the Chinese failed to stop the importation of this British scourge were the eventual result.

Lord Shelburne had come to power as British Prime-Minister in 1782 after the East India Company and its allied Baring Bank financed a Jacobin mob led by Lord George Gordon to descend on London, ostensibly in protest over the granting of reforms in Ireland. As head of the Interior Committee of the House of Lords, Shelburne personally ensured the maximum terror by delaying the reading of the Riot Act, which would have brought out the Home Guard to defend the city. The mob was allowed to ransack the city for eight days, storm Newgate Prison, free all the prisoners, and finally bring down the ministry of Lord North, Shelburne's opponent.

Shelburne's immediate motive for orchestrating the downfall of Lord North was his belief that North's personal failures, particularly his prosecution of the failed war in North America, would bring eternal ruin to the British Empire. Hence, as the new Prime Minister, Shelburne rallied Parliament for the ratification of the Treaty of Paris, which formally ended the American Revolution and the British conflicts with France and Spain. Shelburne then argued for a new strategy: "Situated as we are between the Old World and the New, and between southern and northern Europe," he said, "all we ought to covet on Earth is free trade… With more industry, with more capital, with more enterprise than any trading nation on Earth, it ought to be our constant cry: Let every market be open!" The argument that all markets ought to remain open to British free trade was a motive for the above mentioned Opium Wars.

Following the Jacobin insurrection in London, Shelburne's toady, Lord George Gordon, turned up in Paris as a key advisor to Marie Antoinette, and participated in Shelburne's intrigues against France. The result was the famous Jacobin insurrection in Paris during 1791-93, which came on a grander scale than the model Gordon Riots in London, complete with storming the Bastille, and freeing all the prisoners. Official records still on file at the British Museum detail payments made by the British East India Company to the French leaders of the Jacobin Terror--Georges Jacques Danton, Jean-Paul Marat, and Maximilien Robespierre. France, the United States leading ally in the American revolution, and the British Empire's greatest rival, was subsequently reduced to near chaos as its scientific and intellectual elite were systematically guillotined at the behest of Shelburne's French Jacobin puppets.

THE 'EMPAH'

By understanding this history, we can begin to understand how a clique of depraved oligarchs headquartered in London subsequently came to rule much of the world, and preside over the largest empire in history. In this light, one should not believe the stories about Britain being the "workshop of the world." Indeed, it had some factories, but Britain lived primarily by looting its colonies. British naval power was formidable, but largely overrated, and the army was second-rate. What the British understood, however, is that the greatest force in history is not brute force. Rather, the greatest force in history is ideas, and, if you can control culture, you can control the way people think. The fact that British economist Adam Smith is today an icon of American academia, is an object lesson in how British ideology has spread like a cancer.

Adam Smith came to a position of prominence following an historic 1763 carriage ride with Lord Shelburne, in which Shelburne commissioned Smith to write an apology for free trade on behalf of the British East India Company and the British Empire. The apology took its final form with the publication of The Wealth of Nations in 1776; a work that is today considered the bible of free trade and globalization. Smith's ideology is best summarized in his earlier work entitled Theory of Moral Sentiment, in which Smith wrote the following: "The administration of the great system of the universe [the economy, for example]… is the business of God [a.k.a., the "Invisible Hand"] and not of man. To man is allotted a much humbler department, but one much more suitable to the weakness of his powers, and the narrowness of his comprehension; the care of his own happiness, of that of his family, his friends, his country… But though we are endowed with a very strong desire of these ends, it has been intrusted to the slow and uncertain determinations of our reason to find out the proper means of bringing them about. Nature has directed us to the greater part of these by original and immediate instincts: Hunger, thirst, the passion which unites the two sexes, the love of pleasure, and the dread of pain, prompt us to apply those means for their own sake, and without any consideration of their tendency to those beneficent ends which the great Director of Nature intended to produce by them." Smith's ideology was merely a diluted version of an earlier work by Bernard Mandeville, entitled The Fable of the Bees, in which Mandeville argued that "private vices equal public virtues." That is, the sum total of unbridled human perversion ultimately benefits everyone. By promoting Adam Smith, however, Lord Shelburne was merely interested in benefiting the greater glory of the British Empire.

Another leading asset of Lord Shelburne was Jeremy Bentham, who led the British Secret Intelligence Service (SIS). Bentham is known today as the founder of Utlitarianism, a philosophy which holds that any human action is relatively good or bad depending upon how much pleasure or pain it produces. Hence, if usury, for example, produces great amounts of pleasure for the British Empire's bankers, it is very utilitarian, even though it causes problems for the unfortunate victims. Bentham wrote In Defense of Usury in 1787 to explain how this might work. Two years earlier, Bentham wrote an essay in defense of pederasty in order to explain the utility of his own proclivities. Unfortunately, it was through the offices of Jeremy Bentham and the SIS that the British strategy of controlling ideology as a way of projecting power in the world began to bear its rotten fruit.

A leading example is the case of Simon Bolivar, who spent much of his career cooperating with Bentham and his agents to liberate several countries in Ibero-America from Spain, Britain's bitter rival. To his credit, late in his life, Bolivar repudiated Bentham and attacked his philosophy as "opposed to religion and morality, and to the tranquility of the people." He outlawed the teaching of Bentham in Colombian universities, and mandated the study of Latin, morals and natural law, constitutional law, and the foundations of the Roman Catholic faith. Citing their disruption of "public tranquility and established order," Bolivar also outlawed secret fraternities and societies, such as freemasonic groups that were dominated by British agents.

These "secret fraternities and societies" were also active in the United States. One famous case involved Aaron Burr, who is well known as the traitor who murdered Alexander Hamilton, and led a military insurrection against the United States. Burr was an intimate of Bentham and his associates. During his visits to Britain, Bentham even gave Burr the entire use of his London house and servants. A response to such intrigues growing in the United States was the formation of the short-lived Anti-Masonic Party in 1831, which later transformed itself into the Whig Party, and finally, the Republican Party of Abraham Lincoln.

Using the methods of Shelburne and Bentham, by 1850, the British, under the diabolical ministry of Lord Henry Palmerston, were engaged in a campaign to make London the undisputed center of a new, worldwide Roman Empire. For example, after the first Opium War, the British launched the infamous Burma Wars and seized Rangoon in 1851. In 1853, British forces sacked the Russian navy in the Crimean War. Then came the second Opium War in 1856, in which British forces seized large chunks of China including the Kowloon peninsula. All the while, British intelligence assets such as Guisseppe Mazzinni, Louis Napoleon, and David Urquhart worked feverishly to destabilize Britain's European rivals, resulting in the revolutions of 1848 which overthrew virtually every European government.

The world's two most populous nations, India and China had already been subjugated, and Shelburne's strategy for refinancing the British Empire had created a vast system of British "free trade" stretching from the Far East to the southern United States. Southern slave cotton was imported to Britain and made into textiles. The textiles were shipped to India and sold for opium that had been grown by starving farmers forced by the British to replace their food crops with poppies. The opium was then sold to China at the point of British guns. Now, the stated goal of the British was to reduce every other nation on the planet, especially the United States, to the role of puppet, client, or colony for British imperial designs. Were it not for the ratification of the anti-free trade Constitution of the United States in 1789, those designs might have already been long completed.

Years later, Henry Carey, Abraham Lincoln's economic advisor whose "American System" economics had transformed the United States into Britain's most powerful enemy, evaluated the world strategic situation in the following way: "War now exists between British capitalism [i.e. free trade] and American working men, farmers, miners, and mechanics. It is a war that can have no other end than that of the final and utter ruin to one or the other." Carey was referring to a vile British campaign, following the assassination of Abraham Lincoln by British intelligence, to place the United States, once again, under the control of British finance, otherwise known as "Specie Resumption." Lincoln, much to the ire of British financiers, had broken the United States from the credit straightjacket of the 1821 British Gold Standard by issuing paper currency whose value was backed solely by the productive power of the American labor force, rather than British gold.

However, the British were not without allies in the United States. The British "fifth column" included what Franklin Delano Roosevelt later denounced as the "American Tories"--primarily southern plantation owners, Wall Street bankers, and "Boston Brahmins" who had amassed enormous fortunes participating in the British opium trade. Since before the time of Aaron Burr's open treason, until the present day, this fifth column has been the continual source of treason in America. In Henry Carey's time, their prime method of agitating for British imperialism, i.e., free trade and Specie Resumption, was through the activities of the so-called "Cobden Club," which as Carey pointed out, was "buying up our journals, and scattering well-paid lecturers throughout the country… all mainly engaged in making free trade votes." For example, President Andrew Johnson's own Treasury Secretary, Hugh McCullough, became a member of the Cobden Club. Ultimately, the United States Congress and the American people, prodigiously blessed by the fruits of the Lincoln Revolution, snatched defeat from the jaws of victory in 1879 by fully returning the U.S. economy to the credit-choking British gold standard. America's worst and longest economic depression in history immediately followed, as London reached new levels of imperial power.

THE WAR TO BEGIN MORE WARS

As a result of this British engineered economic catastrophe, the nations of continental Europe, particularly Germany, initiated a series of anti-free trade, protectionist measures which allowed them to replicate much of the American success under Lincoln. This created the backdrop for the eventual outbreak of WWI: As German industrial strength grew, so did its navy. This sounded the strategic alarm in the British Empire, which had long been the lord of the seas. Finally, the Germans launched an ambitious project to construct a railway linking Berlin with the Persian Gulf. This development was regarded by British strategists as a casus belli, because it directly challenged longstanding British control of access to Asian trade, as well as Britain's exclusive access to increasingly strategic Middle East oil. Hence, the British reactivated the famous "Great Game" geopolitics which had insured their world dominion, and created WWI.

A first prelude to WWI was the 1898 Fashoda Crisis in which French colonial forces in Egypt surrendered to British forces without a fight. This resulted in an alliance between Britain and France against Germany, and the end to French plans to develop Africa. Then, In 1902, the same year Britain secured an African gold and raw materials center by winning the Boer War, Britain formed an alliance with Japan against Russia. Russia was humiliated in the subsequent Russo-Japanese War, which brought down the anti-free trade, pro-American government of Count Sergei Witte, and brought to power the pro-British government of Piotr Stolypin, who worked with London, for example, to carve up Iran in 1907. Thereafter, Britain, France and Russia were all allied against Germany, and economic development was the casualty.

Nonetheless, Germany forged ahead with a pro-American strategy, and increased domestic production five-fold between 1850 and 1913. Technological progress in Germany exploded, and led to the desire to develop modern infrastructure, including the Berlin-Persian Gulf railroad mentioned above. One country stood in the way of this development--Serbia, a British puppet state. The railroad had to pass through Serbia, where British spooks, freemasonic groups, and fraternal organizations ran rampant, and helped to create a series of Balkan wars. One such group was the notorious Black Hand, a member of which assassinated the Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand on June 28, 1914. Austria responded by declaring war on Serbia. Russian troops mobilized in defense of Serbia, and German troops mobilized in defense of Austria. The tragic outcome was World War I, which left 9 million dead. Britain had hoped to remain on the sidelines cheering as Germany and Russia bled one another, but was drawn into the war when Germany opened a western front. The United States, under the administration of racist anglophile Woodrow Wilson, who treasonously coordinated his policy with London, was drawn into WW I when it appeared that Germany would conquer Western Europe unless America intervened. Thus the United States, for the first time, sent American boys to die for the greater glory of the British Empire.

The British Empire emerged from the unprecedented destruction of WWI at the height of its power, having seized valuable territory such as Palestine and Iraq from the Ottoman allies of Germany, and having gained control of the majority of the world's oil. Germany, on the other hand, emerged with $33 billion in war reparations imposed by the victors at Versailles, an amount which British reparations expert, John Maynard Keynes, said was more than three times what Germany could possibly pay. Additionally, with the loss of Alsace-Lorraine and Silesia, Germany was stripped of 75% of her iron ore, 68% of her zinc ore, and 26% of her coal. Her entire merchant fleet, one-fifth of her river fleet, one quarter of her fishing fleet, 5,000 locomotives, 150,000 railroad cars and 5,000 trucks were also taken as war reparation. Additionally, in 1922, after German Foreign Minister, Walter Rathenau signed a deal with Russia which forgave Russia's portion of reparations in exchange for German technology, Rathenau was assassinated, and Germany was reoccupied. Unable to make payments any other way, Germany resorted to massive printing of currency, which rapidly collapsed the German economy into the worst hyperinflation in history.

In order to save the world financial system, which was now dependent on the punitive war debt structure, the United States and Britain closed ranks around the 1924 Dawes Plan. Britain and the United States had spent the post-war years squabbling over oil concessions, but the draconian Dawes Plan brought them together to reassert control over German finance. Three years later, a new, Anglo-American condominium was consolidated when Rockefeller's Standard Oil of New Jersey effectively merged with Anglo-Iranian Oil, ending the oil squabbles, and eventually forming the famous "Seven Sisters" Anglo-American oil cartel in 1932. The British dream of bringing her old colony back into the Empire, and reversing the damage of the American Revolution was formally realized.

However, by 1929, with the famous crash on Wall Street, the entire pyramid of post-war finance built on war debt and reparations began to collapse. For the British bankers, and their Wall Street allies, the situation had become unmanageable unless a brutal dictatorship in Germany could be established to enforce reparation payments. The Hitler project began in earnest.

WALL STREET JACKBOOTS

As early as November 1922, U.S. Army Intelligence officer Truman Smith reported of Adolph Hitler, "His movement aims at the establishment of a national dictatorship through non-parliamentary means. Once achieved, he demands that the reparations demands be reduced to a possible figure, but that done, the sum agreed on to be paid to the last pfennig, as a matter of national honor. To accomplish this the dictator must introduce universal reparations service and enforce it with the whole force of the state. His power during the period of fulfillment cannot be hampered by any legislature or popular assembly…" The following year, as hyperinflation destroyed the German currency, Hitler's Nazi Party won the financial patronage of key German businessman, Fritz Thyssen, who contributed 100,000 gold marks to the Nazis. Backed by Thyssen's gold, Hitler made his first attempt to seize power in the famous "Beer Hall Putsch."

Though Hitler's putsch attempt failed, his connections into the halls of power strengthened. For example, Hjalmar Schacht, the Anglo-American financial establishment's "man in Germany" who had been imposed on Germany as Reichbank President by his good friend, Bank of England Governor Montagu Norman, became a supporter. Hitler's Thyssen connection, meanwhile, reached all the way to Wall Street and W.A. Harriman--Thyssen's partner in the Berlin Branch of W.A. Harriman & Co. Nonetheless, the Nazi party's support was a mere 2.6% of the vote in the 1928 German elections.

But then, the 1929 stock market bubble popped. Wall Street credit lines used to buffer German reparation payments dried up, and the world economy deteriorated rapidly. It became clear that unless a brutal regime were imposed, squeezing reparations out of Germany would be impossible. Hence, Hjalmar Schacht resigned as Reichbank President on March 7, 1930, to devote his full energies to organizing financial support for Adolph Hitler. The Nazi vote improved to 18.3% in September.

Then, on January 5, 1931 Schacht held an historic meeting with Fritz Thyssen, Herman Göring, and Adolph Hitler. Thyssen arranged a 250,000 gold mark credit line for the Nazis through the Union Banking Corporation (UBC)--a company set up in 1923 by W.A. Harriman and George Herbert Walker, whose CEO since 1926 was Prescott Bush, father of the 41^st President United States, George Herbert Walker Bush. Incidentally, the same year, UBC merged with Brown Brothers, which held a one-third stake in Consolidated Silesian Steel Corporation, a complex of steelmaking, coal-mining, and zinc-making activities in Germany and Poland.

In 1932, Thyssen upped the ante and contributed 3,000,000 gold marks to bring Hitler to power, in spite of the fact that Nazi vote totals had declined. It was a "legal coup," perpetrated in a true conspiratorial fashion by a cabal, including Wall Street ally, Baron Kurt von Schröder, who was violently opposed to the proposed New Deal-like reforms of the sitting von Schleicher government. The German President, Oskar von Hindenburg, enmired in a complex of personal financial woes, was convinced by this cabal to relieve von Schliecher of his chancellorship, and appoint Hitler. Weeks later, The Nazis orchestrated the famous Reichstag Fire, which was used as a pretext for granting Hitler dictatorial power. Hitler immediately reappointed Schacht as President of the Reichbank, made Thyssen director of the Ruhr industrial region with massive war contracts, and gave Hindenburg a vast tract of state forest in East Prussia.

World War II finally began in 1939 after Prescott Bush sent a memo to W.A. Harriman alerting him to Polish government resistance to their enterprises in Poland. Hitler's famous Blitzkrieg was the stinging response. The following year, Auschwitz, a project of the merger between I.G. Farben and John D. Rockefeller's Standard Oil, opened in Poland. Hitler supplied the slave labor, which produced artificial rubber from gasoline and coal. The SS guards at Auschwitz were paid out of Standard Oil bank accounts.

Finally, in 1942, with the United States at war with Germany, the Roosevelt administration cracked down on the Hitler project. William Stamps Farrish, the director of Standard Oil, was hauled before the United States Senate and publicly grilled. He collapsed from a heart attack and died on November 29, 1942. Following reports in the New York Herald Tribune that Nazi-enemy Fritz Thyssen had $3 million dollars of cash in the New York vault of the Harriman-Bush Union Banking Corporation, the Roosevelt administration seized UBC under the authority of the Trading with the Enemy Act. Investigators soon learned that interlocking Thyssen-UBC enterprises had produced 50.8% of Nazi Germany's pig iron, 41.4% of Nazi Germany's universal plate, 36.0% of Nazi Germany's heavy plate, 38.5% of Nazi Germany's galvanized sheet, 45.5% of Nazi Germany's pipes and tubes, 22.1% of Nazi Germany's wire, and 35.0% of Nazi Germany's explosives.

It should also be noted that the alliance between Hitler and the British-Harriman-Bush nexus went beyond mere business interests. Another area where they worked together extensively was race science--i.e. eugenics. For example, in 1932, W.A. Harriman arranged the Third International Eugenics Conference in New York, where Hitler's leading race scientist, Dr. Ernst Rudin, was unanimously elected president of the International Federation of Eugenics Societies. After studying the eugenics laws of California and Virginia, which had resulted in thousands of forced sterilizations in the United States, Dr. Rudin wrote the Nazi "Law for the Prevention of Hereditary Diseases in Posterity," which led to thousands of forced sterilizations and millions of exterminations in Nazi Germany.

The British strategy leading up to World War II, as in World War I, was to stand by cheering as Germany and Russia bled one another. However, in a move that shocked the world, Hitler signed a nonaggression pact with Stalin one week prior to invading Poland. Hence, Britain and France were compelled to declare war on Germany, officially beginning World War II, even as Anglo-American interests were heavily invested in Hitler's war machine.

THE ASIAN QUAGMIRE

As we shall see, the catastrophic follies of British imperialism that precipitated the European theatre of World War II were matched by the follies that precipitated the Pacific theatre. To begin with, following the First World War, when Britain and the United States were squabbling over oil concessions, they were also squabbling over the size of their navies. The fact that the United States Navy had grown, and was expected to exceed the size of the British navy, was a continual source of tension. Winston Churchill, for example, told the House of Commons, "Nothing in the world, nothing that you may think of, or anyone may tell you; no arguments, however specious; no appeals however seductive, must lead you to abandon that naval supremacy on which the life of our country depends." Months later, a memorandum prepared for President Wilson by the United States Navy recalled the ominous fact that "every commercial rival of the British Empire has eventually found itself at war with Great Britain--and has been defeated… We are setting out to be the greatest commercial rival of Great Britain on the sea." (At the time, the U.S. military operated under War Plan Red--a broad strategy to destroy the British Empire, including a full-scale invasion of Canada to capture key Commonwealth ports which would likely be used by the British to supply another invasion of the United States. War Plan Red remained in effect until 1936, and was not declassified until 1974.)

As tensions increased, Woodrow Wilson's successor as President, Warren G. Harding insisted that the United States should be "the most eminent of maritime nations" with a navy "equal to the aspirations" of the country. He became the immediate target of an insidious British-directed campaign of slander and scandal mongering, including the so-called Teapot Dome affair, and died in office under highly suspicious circumstances, with the British as prime suspects in case of foul play.

After Harding's death, Charles Dawes, the author of the treasonous Dawes Plan, made a promise to bring to the naval dispute the same methods he brought to the reparations crisis. The result was a drastic reduction in the size of the United States Navy. Had the United States not submitted to such a reduction, it is likely that Japan, Britain's oldest ally, would have been deterred from attacking Pearl Harbor and bringing the United States into World War II.

The strategy of the British, and traitors in the United States such as W.A. Harriman, who conspired with Churchill after Pearl Harbor, was to doom the United States to war in the Pacific until about 1955. The Japanese would be allowed expand their conquests all the way to the "Brisbane line" deep in southern Australia. U.S. troops would then fight to retake territory inch by inch in costly, frontal-assault warfare. Hence, on February 15, 1942, British troops stationed in Singapore were ordered to quietly surrender to the Japanese. It was the biggest British surrender in history.

General Douglas MacArthur, however, would not surrender to such a foolish war, and convinced President Roosevelt to refuse Churchill's demand that the United States direct its forces to the defense of Britain's crown colony of India, which, not incidentally, was never attacked by the Japanese. MacArthur ultimately confounded British schemes by fighting a masterful flanking war in the Pacific and achieving perhaps the greatest victory with the greatest economy of life in the history of warfare. He did this even though his forces never recieved more than 10% of the military resources of the United States.

World War II ended with a bang--the totally unnecessary bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki with the only two atomic bombs in the U.S. arsenal. The fact is, before the bombings, Japan was already defeated and attempting to negotiate surrender through the offices of the Vatican. However, by this time, a radical utopian scheme to place the world under the hegemony of a new, Anglo-American world government was underway. This plan had already been envisioned by H.G. Wells, the chief of British foreign intelligence during WWI, in his 1914 book, The World Set Free. The theme of the book is the idea that "atomic bombs, the new bombs that would continue to explode indefinitely" could be used to terrify the nations of the world into giving up their sovereignty and submitting to world government. "Such was the crowning triumph of military science, the ultimate explosive that was to give the 'decisive touch' to war," Wells wrote.

Had Franklin D. Roosevelt not died a mere four months before the annihilation of Hiroshima, Welles' plan clearly would not have been implemented. Roosevelt had explained to an incensed Winston Churchill, "I can’t believe that we can fight a war against fascist slavery, and at the same time not work to free people all over the world from a backward colonial policy." "I think I speak as America’s president when I say that America won’t help England in this war simply so that she will be able to continue to ride roughshod over colonial peoples." Churchill snidely retorted, "I am not his majesty’s Prime Minister for the purpose of presiding over the dissolution of the British Empire." When Roosevelt died, Stalin requested that his doctors be allowed to perform an autopsy. He suspected more British foul play. His suspicions were underscored by the fact that Roosevelt's successor, Harry S Truman was a witting stooge of British geopolitics. Churchill, for example, gave his historic 1946 Iron Curtain speech, which launched the Cold War, in Fulton Missouri, Truman's home town.

Furthermore, under the Truman administration, the often treasonous Central Intelligence Agency was created, the United States military and intelligence structures were fully integrated with their British counterparts, and anti-British patriots such as Agriculture Secretary Henry Wallace were immediately purged from the United States government. American society, meanwhile, was reshaped under the famous communist witch hunt of Senator Joseph McCarthy, whose real motive was to facilitate the submission of Americans to a new Anglo-American empire in which fighting communism would be used as the pretext for fighting a series of costly neocolonial wars. Already, the British had moved to reoccupy their former colonies of Burma, Singapore, Malaya, and Hong Kong, as well as Indonesia, Thailand and South Vietnam. U.S. ships and planes were treasonously used to transport colonial armies back to their former possessions.

Additionally, preparations were being made to draw the United States into a proxy war against Chinese communists on the Korean peninsula. To begin with, the British had hypocritically redoubled their longstanding support for Mao Zedong and the Chinese communists in their civil war against America's ally, the Kuomintang. Truman followed by ordering a termination of aid to the Kuomintang during a decisive phase of the war, and, as a result, the Maoist People's Republic of China was founded on October 2, 1949. The Kuomintang was left hanging on to Taiwan.

Korea, meanwhile, was divided between communists in the North, and a pro-United States regime in the South. However, in January 1950, Secretary of State Dean Acheson defined South Korea as an area outside the United States "defense perimeter." This was an unmistakable invitation for North Korea to invade. When South Korea was invaded by the communists five months later, the Truman administration suddenly decided that South Korea was vital after all! MacArthur's forces, under the auspices of the newly formed United Nations, were ordered to the defense.

MacArthur waged a brilliant campaign, and totally defeated the North Korean army within months. However, a United Nations sponsored British Commonwealth brigade was included under MacArthur's command, which meant the British were entitled to receive all of MacArthur's dispatches. When 180,000 Chinese communists attacked MacArthur's forces by surprise in North Korea, clear evidence emerged that MacArthur's dispatches had been swiftly betrayed to the enemy. The Chinese, for example, were able to anticipate every move American forces made. MacArthur, meanwhile, was forbidden by the Truman administration to take actions to defeat the Chinese, such as cutting off enemy supply lines. When MacArthur protested, he was fired. After the war, Lin Piao, the commander of Chinese forces stated, "I would never have made the attack and risked my men and my military reputation if I had not been assured that Washington would restrain General MacArthur from taking adequate retaliatory measures against my lines of supply and communication." Moreover, throughout the entire campaign, the British eagerly supplied communist China through the crown colony of Hongkong. In the end, a total of 57,246 United States service personnel were among the dead.

Another tragic front opened by the British following WWII was in Vietnam. Before Roosevelt's death, the British were particularly concerned that the United States would take a stand against colonialism in Vietnam and Indochina. A British War Department memorandum of February 1944 expressed British fears: "Our main reason for favoring the restoration of Indochina to France is that we see danger to our own Far Eastern Colonies in President Roosevelt's ideas…" Roosevelt, for example, had commented to his Secretary of State Cordell Hull in 1943 that "France had the country--thirty million inhabitants--for nearly a hundred years, and the people are worse off than they were at the beginning." Five months after Roosevelt's death, British troops arrived in Vietnam aboard U.S. aircraft. They immediately declared martial law, closed the Vietnamese newspapers, and released 1,400 Vichy French prisoners of war who proceeded to expel the Vietnamese government, and loot Saigon.

Repeatedly, the United States leading Vietnamese ally, patriot, and American Revolution scholar, President Ho Chi Minh, appealed to the Truman administration for help and was rebuffed. Rather, the United States payed as much as 80% of the cost incurred by the French colonial forces during a full-scale war against Vietnam between 1950 and 1954. Since Ho Chi Minh, nominally a communist, but actually a nationalist, was finally forced to turn to the Chinese communists for help, his communist label was used as a pretext to involve American troops in the violence. In the end, the United States lost the Vietnam War, and 58,000 United States service personnel were among the dead. At least three million Vietnamese, mostly civilians, were killed. When the war expanded to Cambodia, an estimated 500,000 Cambodians were killed in heavy United States bombings which brought the Khmer Rouge to power. The brutal Khmer Rouge regime, with support from the Anglo-Americans, killed an additional three million Cambodians.

SHEER MADNESS

The Vietnam War, like Hitler's Final Solution, involved much more than simple imperialism. Simple imperialism is not a motive to exterminate millions of people. In fact, behind the Vietnam War lurked a more profound evil. Evil, as such, is an elusive adversary, but let us begin to apprehend it in a place called Pugwash.

Pugwash was a small town in Nova Scotia, but in 1957 a handful of the world's most influential scientists and strategists gathered there to discuss military and strategic doctrine in the nuclear age. The main organizer for the conference was British philosopher Lord Bertrand Russell, who after the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, had blatantly argued for the United States to wage a nuclear war against the Soviet Union in order to compel the Soviets to submit to H.G. Welles' vision of world government. In 1946, for example, Russell wrote, "There is only one way in which great wars can be permanently prevented, and that is the establishment of international government… America at this moment, if it were bellicose and imperialistic could compel the rest of the world to disarm, and establish a world wide monopoly of American armed forces."

At the second Pugwash conference in 1958, the strategy had changed. By this time, the Soviets also had nuclear weapons. Moreover, the 1957 launching of Sputnik, the first spacecraft, proved the Soviets had the capability to deliver nuclear weapons via intercontinental ballistic missiles. Pugwash scientist Dr. Leo Szilard thus urged the United States and the Soviet Union to adapt a policy which came to be known as Mutual and Assured Destruction (MAD). The policy was simple. Both the United States and the Soviet Union would maintain an invulnerable stockpile of nuclear weapons capable of destroying the other side even if one side destroyed the other first. A first strike would therefore be suicidal and unthinkable. For this MAD idea, Szilard was caricatured as the fictional madman "Dr. Stranglove" in the popular film Dr. Stranglove or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb. The potentials for apocalyptic miscalculations under the MAD doctrine were terrifying, but the consequences of certain additions to the MAD doctrine were much worse than the fear.

First was the strategically insane, MAD policy of 'limited war'. "A limited war," Szilard explained, "need not deteriorate into an all-out war if the United States and Russia realize that the objective of such war cannot be anything approaching victory, not even victory in the contested area to which the fighting may be limited. The objective of such a limited war would rather be to exact a price and therefore make it costly for the enemy to extend its rule." This was precisely the thinking behind the United States involvement in the Vietnam War and a number of other limited wars to follow. It is arguably the case that since the end of World War II, the United States has not fired a single shot, or sacrificed a single soldier in any war where there was an intent to achieve a moral victory.

Second was MAD policy that the capability to defend one's nation against a nuclear strike must not be developed. If the United States, for example, developed new technologies capable of destroying Soviet missiles, then the Soviets would lose their ability to retaliate in the event of a first strike, and MAD would fail. The 'no new technology' addition to the MAD doctrine was particularly welcomed by Lord Bertrand Russell, who bears much of the responsibility for its introduction. Russell had spent much of his life attempting to halt scientific and technological development, which he abhorred. He knew that any society oriented toward scientific and technological development will necessarily develop knowledge-intensive industries with educated citizens who will not tolerate being the subjects of an empire such as the British Empire to which Lord Bertrand Russell, a ninth generation British oligarch, was loyal. In that vain, Russell wrote, "The atom bomb, and still more the hydrogen bomb, have caused new fears involving new doubts as to the effects of science on human life. If however, the human race decides to let itself go on living, it will have to make a very drastic change in its way of thinking, feeling, and behaving. We must learn not to say: 'Never! Better death than dishonor.' We must learn to submit to law even when imposed by aliens whom we hate and despise, and whom we believe to be blind to all considerations of righteousness."

In contrast, when John F. Kennedy was inaugurated as the 35^th President of the United States on January 20, 1961, the world found a new reason to hope. In his inaugural address Kennedy said, for example, "To those new states whom we welcome to the ranks of the free, we pledge our word that one form of colonial control shall not have passed away merely to be replaced by a far more iron tyranny." Throughout his presidency, Kennedy consistently fought to reestablish the mission that Franklin Roosevelt defined for the United States--to end what Roosevelt called "18^th century-style colonialism." Towards that end, Kennedy cultivated friendly and productive relations with key heads of state in the colonial sector such as President Sukarno of Indonesia, and established pro-development agencies such as the Peace Corps. Months before his untimely death, Kennedy announced his plan to end the war in Vietnam and withdraw U.S. troops. His domestic policy included forcing a reduction in steel prices, investment tax credits for scientific and technological development, and the printing of United States Treasury notes which circumvented the power of the Federal Reserve and the Wall Street banks. Altogether, these policies made Kennedy an enemy of the Anglo-American establishment.

ANOTHER DEAD PRESIDENT

Much has been written about the assassination of President Kennedy by those who either do not understand history, or who are trying to obscure the facts. Granted, the whole truth may never be known, but the available evidence points, not surprisingly, to the same force found to be ultimately responsible for every previous assassination of a United States President--the British oligarchy. First we must we put aside the official fantasies about magic bullets and lone assassins. The thorough debunking of these absurdities has already been accomplished.

In 1969 there was a grand jury trial in a New Orleans Courtroom for the conspiracy to assassinate President Kennedy. The case was entitled The State of Louisiana v. Clay M. Shaw. Shaw was a twenty year veteran of Britain's Special Operations Executive (SOE), headquartered in Montreal, Canada and led by Louis Mortimer Bloomfield, Britain's highest ranking special warfare agent in North America. Bloomfield and the SOE ran a number of international commercial fronts including Permindex, which was expelled from France in 1967 for attempting to assassinate French Prime Minister Charles De Gaulle. Permindex had a subsidiary front named International Trade Mart, which was directed by Clay Shaw. The International Trade Mart was used to handle the nest of agents deployed to assassinate President Kennedy under the orders of Louis Mortimer Bloomfield, who later became a founding member of the super-elite '1001 Club' created by Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands, and Her Majesty's consort, Prince Philip.

On the day Kennedy died from several bullet wounds, he was about to deliver a speech that would have changed the world forever. It was to be a tacit rejection of Bertrand Russell's Pugwash doctrine of Mutual and Assured Destruction, and the establishment of a regime committed to rapid scientific and technological development. Kennedy had already demonstrated his ability to deliver such policy with the establishment of a space exploration program designed to put a man on the moon, and ultimately, to establish a manned colony on Mars. The text of Kennedy's prepared speech, never delivered, read in part, "If we are strong, our strength will speak for itself. That strength will never be used in pursuit of aggressive ambitions--it will always be used in pursuit of peace."

Shortly after Kennedy's death, a component of Britain's Directorate of Psychological Warfare known as the Tavistock Institute, was commissioned to study the effect of Kennedy's space program on the United States population. The study, entitled Social Change: Space Impact on Communities and Social Groups, lamented the fact that the space program had produced "redundant" scientists and engineers, and a "dangerous" outbreak of cultural optimism. Considering the source, these findings were not surprising.

THE EMPIRE OF THE MIND

The Essex, London based Tavistock Institute was founded in 1920 under the patronage of His Royal Highness, Duke George of Kent, by Hugh Critchton-Miller. One of Miller's students, John Rawling Rees became Medical Director of Tavistock in 1932. Under Rees, Tavistock pioneered extensive work in psychological warfare, including what it called "brainwashing," and the use of electroconvulsive shock and drugs to induce psychosis.

During World War II, Rees formed the British Directorate of Army Psychiatry, and Tavistock psychiatrists were assigned to every major British Army Unit. Rees's theories of psychological warfare soon became the basis for the allied terror bombings of select German targets, including the fire bombing of Dresden in 1944, which killed 130,000 people. Moreover, Rees worked closely with Louis Mortimer Bloomfield's Special Operations Executive, and Tavistock acolytes became hegemonic in the American Office of Strategic Services (OSS), which later spawned the Central Intelligence Agency.

Immediately after WWII, Rees set up the Inter-Allied Study Group, which was headed by H.V. Dicks, the highest-ranking psychiatrist in British intelligence. Dicks had been responsible for training the staff of the Supreme Headquarters of the Allied Expeditionary Forces in Reesian psywar methods, including the use of food control as a weapon. These methods were used extensively in the post-war destabilization of Malaya, Kenya, and in Vietnam, for example.

In 1945, Rees penned a book entitled The Shaping of Psychiatry by War in which he wrote that psychiatrists must be prepared to intervene any place--in the home, the job, the school--at any time. "If we propose to come out in the open," Rees wrote, "and to attack the social and national problems of our day, then we must have shock troops, and these cannot be provided by psychiatry based wholly on institutions. We must have teams of well-selected, well-trained psychiatrists, who are free to move around and make contacts with the local situation in their particular area." Immediately, the Tavistock Institute began training teams of "shock troops" which spawned a number of Tavistock spin-offs in the United States, including the Research Center for Group Dynamics, the National Training Laboratories, and the Institute for Social Research. Money poured into these spin-offs from British and Wall Street oligarchic foundations, such as the Rockefeller Foundation. Soon, a growing percentage of Americans, including nearly every corporate manager, had been brainwashed by seemingly innocuous forms of "therapy" and "training" such as the popular Reesian "encounter groups".

Finally, in 1962, with the outbreak of the Cuban Missile Crisis, British psychological warfare began to win the war. Rees and his cohorts had long known that mass psychology is extremely labile under intensely stressful conditions. This had been the basis for much of the work done by the Strategic Bombing Survey, another Tavistock offshoot, during WW II. When the American people faced the threat of nuclear annihilation for 14 intensely stressful days in 1962, they became extremely labile. What followed was a barrage of anti-technological, Malthusian propaganda, such as Rachel Carson's 1962 environmentalist bestseller, Silent Spring, which argued for the banning of DDT, a harmless compound which had eradicated malaria, the number one killer in the colonial sector. Then came the shock of the Kennedy assassination, the subsequent cover-up, and the escalation of the mindless Vietnam War. Industrial capitalism, which had supposedly created this mess, was viewed as the enemy by a growing number of labile Americans. Moreover, the effects of mass Reesian brainwashing were greatly magnified by the fact that all of these horrors were immediately available to the American population through the use of electronic mass media.

The use of electronic mass media as an instrument of psychological warfare was investigated in the United States as early as the 1930's by the Princeton based Institute for Social Research, also known as the Frankfurt School. The Frankfurt School had transplanted itself from Germany, where it was founded in 1922 by a group of Bolsheviks led by a Hungarian aristocrat named Georg Lukacs. Lukacs had wished to understand why the Bolshevik revolution in Russia had failed in its attempts to spread to the West. He concluded that the problem lay in a peculiar Western belief in the sacredness of the individual soul, and that any political movement capable of bringing Bolshevism to the West would have to be, "demonic", "capable of filling the entire soul", and unleashing "the diabolical forces lurking in all violence." Such a revolution could only succeed, according to Lukacs, when the individual believes that his actions are determined "not by personal destiny, but by the destiny of the community." Mass media was the obvious recourse. Since television had not yet been invented, radio was the weapon of choice.

The Frankfurt School began its 'Radio Research Project' in 1937 with funding from the Rockefeller Foundation. The purpose of the project was to test the hypothesis that radio could be used to "atomize" and manipulate the thinking of the population. Frankfurt School ideologue Theodore Adorno had observed that people "listen atomistically and dissociate what they hear… They are not childlike… but they are childish; their primitivism is not that of the undeveloped, but that of the forcibly retarded." Among the findings of the Radio Research Project were 1) People tend to become addicted to the radio based on a "what happens next?" format. 2) Listeners react to format, not content, as in the famous Orson Welles, War of the Worlds broadcast which many believed was describing an actual invasion, in spite of the fact that there were repeated clear warnings that the show was fictional, and 3) Repetition is the key to popularity. That is, if you play it enough, people will think it's good, even if it's awful, and, most importantly, they will believe it, even if it’s a lie. Any lie can become popular opinion if it is repeated enough times on the radio.

Who determined popular opinion? According to Walter Lippmann, the most eminent American journalist of the time, popular opinion was determined by a "powerful, socially superior, successful, rich urban set [which] is fundamentally international throughout the Western Hemisphere and in many ways, London is its center. Their goal, he concluded, is a global "Great Society", in which "public opinion must be organized for the press, not by the press."

THE GREAT SOCIETY

When the horrors of the Cuban Missile Crisis and the Kennedy assassination shocked the American population into an advanced state of lability, Kennedy's successor, Lyndon Johnson, was able to implement the "Great Society" policy program. The main feature of the Great Society was the launching of a "post-industrial" paradigm. It was argued that money spent on science and technology, such as the space program, was being misspent. Space budgets were immediately cut, and cut again, in spite of the fact that every dollar spent on the space program returned more than $10 dollars to the economy in lasting benefits as a result of productive spin-offs, such as machine tool science and computer technology. The Vietnam War budget, meanwhile, was greatly increased. The result was a tremendous outpouring of moral despair, particularly among the youth, which opened the way for the large-scale introduction of the so-called rock-drugs-sex counterculture.

As early as 1937, British oligarch, Aldous Huxley, already famous as the author of Brave New World, came to the United States and founded a nest of pot-smoking Isis cults centered in Hollywood, which served as the counterculture prototype. Huxley's inspiration came from his student days at Oxford University, where Arnold Toynbee taught that all empires, such as the Roman Empire, declined at precisely the moment they succeeded in imposing their rule over the entire earth. Toynbee argued that this decline could be abated if the ruling oligarchy committed itself to the recruitment and training of an ever-expanding priesthood devoted to the principles of imperial rule.

Toward that goal, Huxley began to experiment with hallucinogenic drugs, and in 1952 recruited counterculture gurus Allen Watts and OSS agent Gregory Bateson to an LSD project at the Palo Alto Veterans Administration Hospital in California, which created the first so-called "hippies". Meanwhile, Bateson established the Pacifica Foundation, which sponsored two radio stations--WKBW in San Francisco and WBAI-FM in New York City, which popularized the British rock "Liverpool Sound" of the Beatles, the Animals, and the Rolling Stones, and later, "acid rock". At the same time, the OSS spawned Central Intelligence Agency, under the codename MK-Ultra, began its own experiments with hallucinogens. Huxley's private physician, Dr. Humphrey Osmond, was brought in as a consultant, and played a prominent role.

Then, in 1960, Huxley went to Boston to teach at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he created another LSD cult with Richard Alpert and Timothy Leary. In Boston, Huxley and Leary contacted the president of Sandoz A.B.--the Swiss pharmaceutical company that invented LSD--to negotiate contracts for the purchase of large amounts of drugs. According to official documents, the CIA purchased over 100 million doses of LSD, most of which found their way onto college campuses, and into the mouths of students involved in the anti-Vietnam War movement. This movement instantly became the nucleus of a rapidly expanding counterculture steeped in Malthusian, environmentalist, anti-scientific, and anti-industrial propaganda. Unfortunately for humanity, the counterculture soon became the culture, and the culture became the Empire.

GENOCIDE 100 TIMES WORSE THAN HITLER

As late as 1959, when the subject of Malthusian population control, at the time discussed simply as "birth control", was brought up to President Dwight D. Eisenhower, he replied, "birth control is not our business. I cannot imagine anything more emphatically a subject that is not a proper political or governmental activity… or responsibility." However, with the introduction of the counterculture, the political climate had changed dramatically.

In 1967, as college campuses and the streets of America were being inundated with drugs supplied by the CIA, Congressman George Herbert Walker Bush, later the 41^st President of the United States, introduced the first "family planning" legislation into the United States Congress. "Family planning" was actually a pleasant term meaning eugenics, which earned a negative connotation after World War II, when the public found out about the horrifying eugenics program of Adolph Hitler. In 1970, Bush co-authored legislation known as Title X, which created the first "family planning" program funded by the U.S. government. This resulted in the construction of clinics in minority communities, where an estimated 100,000 to 150,000 patients annually were coerced into sterilization operations under the threat of having various federal benefits withdrawn.

Already in 1968, Bush proposed to extend "family planning" to the rest of the world. "I propose that we totally revamp our foreign aid program to give primary emphasis to population control," he stated to Congress. By 1980, more than 50% of U.S. government foreign aid was directed toward these efforts. In the case of Brazil, for example, U.S. government aid was directed into a program that sterilized an estimated 44% of Brazilian women of child bearing age, many of them without their knowledge.

Meanwhile, the legacy of Franklin Roosevelt in colonial sector development efforts was reversed by successive events such as the orchestrated 1973 oil shock, which massively increased Third World debt. In 1973, Secretary of State Henry Kissinger conspired with certain Israelis and Arabs to fight a splendid little Yom Kippur War. The Arabs staged a protest by raising oil prices 400%. Payment was only accepted in dollars. After the war, most of these dollars found their way into New York and London banks, deposited by Arab co-conspirators. Developing countries in need of oil found their dollar reserves drained, and were forced, through the International Monetary Fund (IMF), to borrow from the same New York and London banks--this time at usurious interest rates. Moreover, IMF "conditionalities" were attached to the loans, including such things as currency devaluation, opening markets to free trade, and privatization of state-owned assets. The economic effects were invariably disastrous.

Lurking behind this new form of colonialism was a nefarious plot which came to light in 1989 with the declassification of National Security Study Memorandum 200 (NSSM 200), penned in 1974 by the same Henry Kissinger. "Barring both large-scale birth control efforts," Kissinger wrote, "or economic or political upheavals, the next 25 years offer non-communist LDCs [Least Developed Countries] little respite from the burdens of rapidly increasing humanity." The thesis of the memorandum, adapted as official government policy the following year, was that population growth in the developing sector poses a grave threat to the United States' ability to acquire resources. Thirteen countries were specifically targeted for population control measures--India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Nigeria, Mexico, Indonesia, Brazil, the Philippines, Thailand, Egypt, Turkey, Ethiopia and Columbia--many of which were subsequently wracked by a series of disasters, including economic upheavals and civil war.

The same year Kissinger penned NSSM 200, world-renowned economist Lyndon LaRouche commissioned a study on the effects of such policy in the area of health and disease. LaRouche concluded, "a critical point must be reached at which a general ecological holocaust chain reaction occurs as a consequence of the failure of society to continue industrial expansion and technological advances." LaRouche forecasted the emergence of new diseases and the reemergence of old ones if these policies were not reversed.

By the 1990's, cholera became common in 36 African countries. It appeared in Ibero America for the first time in the 20^th century, and reached epidemic proportions. A new strain of cholera emerged in India. Meningitis, bubonic plague, polio, leprosy, neo-natal tetanus, dengue, hemorrhagic fever, encephalitis, yellow fever, hanta virus, and malaria were among the diseases that dramatically reemerged in various parts of the world. A new, drug resistant form of tuberculosis also became a leading killer. However, nothing was more deadly than the emergence of Anti-Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), which infected tens of millions worldwide, especially in the poorest regions of Africa. Some health experts estimate that as many as 50% of all newborn children in Africa are born with AIDS--a certain death sentence.

Henry Kissinger wrote in his 1974 memorandum, "The UN medium population projection forecasts world population growth from 3.9 billion today to 6.4 billion by the year 2000 and over 11 billion by 2050. This is a relatively optimistic projection, and holding growth within these limits will require an international population control effort." When the year 2000 began, population stood at approximately 6 billion. This means that there were 400 million fewer souls than Kissinger's "optimistic" projections. Thus, it can be fairly said that 26 years of official population control measures resulted in more than 400 million terminated lives--a genocide far worse than even Adolph Hitler could have imagined. Moreover, due to this genocidal trend, population projections for the year 2050 have been revised downward to approximately 9 billion. This is a full 2 billion lower than Kissinger's "optimistic" projections.

"If a Black Death could spread throughout the world once in every generation," Bertrand Russell wrote, "survivors could procreate freely without making the world too full. The state of affairs might be unpleasant, but what of it? Really high-minded people are indifferent to suffering, especially other people's." Today, it is clear that Lord Bertrand Russell would have been very, very indifferent.