LABOR

IN

EUROPE AND AMERICA ;

A SPECIAL REPORT

ON

THE RATES OF WAGES, THE COST OF SUBSISTENCE, AND THE CONDITION OF THE
WORKING CLASSES, IN GREAT BRITAIN, FRANCE, BELGIUM, GERMANY,

AND OTHER COUNTRIES OF EUROPE,
ALSO IN

THE UNITED STATES AND BRITISH AMERICA.



Cost of Labor and Subsistence in Lower Silesia in 1868.
The wages of the ... joiners in machine-works, in piano factories, amount to from 72 cents to $1.08 per day ...
The highest wages paid to a very skillful joiner in a piano-forte factory were $12.24 per week.


Skilled Trades in London, Weekly Wages in 1871.
Trades.Number of
members.
Rates of wages.
Summer.Winter.
Pianoforte-makers40016*16*
* Per hour.

Table showing the number of work-people and wages of men, women, and children,
in the following branches of manufacture, in Paris, in 1860.
Manufactures.Number of work-
people employed
Wages of--
Men.Women.Child-
ren.
Range.Aver-
age.*
Range.Aver-
age.*
Aver-
age.*
Piano-fortes and harps2,10160 to 2.401.06......6035
* The figures given in these columns are the computed averages--not the mean rates.

Statement showing the rates of weekly wages in the town of Barmen during the year 1867.
Trades.Classification of workmen.Weekly
wages.
Hours of
work per
day.
Piano-manufactory and organ-buildingPiano-forte makers4,04...
Organ-builders4.20...
Other workmen3.60...

Rates paid for mechanical labor in Berlin.
Occupations.Per day.*
Piano-makers0.90
*Hours of labor, from 6 a.m. to 7 p.m.

Wages in factories [in Würtemberg], (by decades.)
Industrial establishments.1830-'39.1840-'49.1850-'59.1860-'65.1872.
Pianos...3641½50½6497
NOTE.--The prices in this and subsequent statements were
given in florins, which have been computed at 40 cents.

Table showing the rates of wages in Sweden (in Swedish and in United States money) in 1873.
Occupation.Number of hours of actual
labor.
Wages per day.Remarks
Swedish money (rix-
dollars.)
United States gold.
Cabinet makers:
Best...
102.860.76Generally work by hour ; several
hands at one shop save 200 rix-
dollars a year.
Average...102.310.62
Apprentices...102.000.52
Piano-makers............About the same as cabinet makers.
NOTE.--3.76 rix-dollars (3 rix-dollars and 76 öre) are equivalent to $1, United States gold...

Statement showing the wages paid in San Francisco and vicinity
in the years 1869 and 1874, for the following kinds of labor.
OccupationWages in 1869.Wages in 1874.
Piano-makers...per day..........4.00 to 4.50

Table showing the average weekly wages or earnings of persons employed in piano-forte manu-
factories in Boston, Mass., and St. Louis, Mo.
Occupation.Boston, Mass.St. Louis, Mo.Occupation.Boston, Mass.St. Louis, Mo.
Case makers$20.00$25.00Gilders$19.00$20.00
Action makers20.0024.00Regulators24.0030.00
Key-makers22.0030.00Packers12.0014.00
Tuners of reeds28.0031.00Gig-sawyers18.0020.00
Fly-finishers22.0026.00Engineers18.0020.00
Varnishers13.0018.00Laborers10.0012.00
Reed-makers20.0025.00Apprentices6.005.00
Reed-board makers19.0022.00Foremen40.0040.00
Carvers24.0030.00Teamsters13.0015.00
Trimming-makers18.0020.00Clerks14.0018.00
Blacksmiths18.0019.00Book-keepers14.0018.00
Hours of labor per week, 60.

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