
Since I am no expert, I can only give you the basic idea behind ROMS. Essentially, a ROM is a copy of a game that would not ordinarily be able to be played on a PC. Using an emulator that is specifically designed for the console the game was originally created for, you can play the game on your PC. Currently, there are emulators for everything from Atari to the Sony Playstation. However, downloading ROMS for consoles that are still in production is illegal, so be careful.
There are many games, specifically role-playing games, that are released in foreign countries but are never released in the USA. For the die hard gamer, this is simply not acceptable. To remedy the situation, many have taken it upon themselves to translate these games. Most translations you will find are for RPG games, and they only work on ROMS, so you have to be willing to download ROMS and emulators.
Now, I have never done a translation myself, so what I know is sort of second hand. What a translator does is essentially hack into a ROM and alter the text into the appropriate new language. I know it is more complicated than that, but this is just a general explanation. Most translations are saved as IPS files, which you then apply to your own ROM using an IPS patcher, which you can get in the utilities section of this page. Then, all you have to do is enjoy!