Hennepin and Duluth
By Brother Anthony Baker, OSB

Griffin back to Fort Frontenac with the furs.  However it never made it back to the fort.[i]  From here the rest of the group, fourteen in all, continued on the expedition canoeing to the Miami River which is located at St. Joseph , Michigan .  Here De la Salle built Fort Miami but then moved on with 38 men and eight canoes moving up the Miami River for a couple of miles.[ii] They then made a portage to the Seignelay River which would take them to the Mississippi River .[iii] 

On February 28, 1680 Michael Accault, Anthony Auguelle, and Father Louis Hennepin headed down the Seignelay River to the confluence with the Mississippi River .  Their mission was to trade with the Sioux who were located in upper Mississippi River Valley .  They took with them in their canoe about 1000 Livres worth of goods which they could use for trade.[iv]

Upon Reaching the confluence, they had to wait until March 12, 1680 for the ice flows coming down the Mississippi river to stop.  The canoed up river for about a month until April 11, 1680 when they saw 120 Sioux Indians, in thirty-three canoes, heading towards then in a hurry.  They were chasing the Miami ’s but Hennepin, by drawing in the sand, informed the Sioux that the Miami ’s were now out of reach.  Because of this, they were angry and many wanted to kill those in the expedition.  When Hennepin realized this, he brought them some of their goods they brought for trade and this appeased them for the moment.  However, the Sioux would not smoke the peace pipe with them, so the expedition spent a long restless night awaiting a judgment from the Sioux. Would they let the expedition live of not?[v] 

The answer came the next morning, on April 12, 1680 , when they all smoked the peace pipe.  However, their troubles were not over for they were still the Sioux’s prisoners.  The Sioux intended to take them back to their home at Lake Mille Lacs.  As they headed north with the Sioux, Father Hennepin soon had another problem.  When he tried to pray, the Sioux thought Hennepin was speaking to evil spirits.  He tried to go off by himself but this made the Sioux even more suspicious.  One of Hennepin’s companions suggested that Hennepin stop praying, for they feared the Sioux might kill them.  However, Hennepin tried something new, he began to chant his prayers.  The Sioux thought that a good spirit had taught him to sing and this appeased them.[vi] 

[i] Source(s):  “A Description of Louisiana” by Father Hennepin translated by John Gilmore Shea, which can be found in the “March of America Facsimile Series” volume 30, page 107; According to the The Great Lakes Division US Naval Sea Cadet Corps, “…Theories abound about the cause and location of her sinking.  She might have been overcome by storms in Lake Michigan , attacked and burned by Indians in the Straits of Mackinaw, or taken over by a mutinous crew who stole the furs and scuttled the ship in a deserted Lake Huron bay.  Although many divers claim to have found her final resting place, no claim has ever been sufficiently documented”  http://www.prideofmichigan.org/Griffin.htm

[ii] Source(s):  “A Description of Louisiana” by Father Hennepin translated by John Gilmore Shea, which can be found in the “March of America Facsimile Series” volume 30, page 131-134, Fort Miami Heritage Society states, “La Salle built Fort Miami at the river's mouth and for many years European and Native people met and traded there.”  http://www.fortmiami.org/library.phtml

[iii] Source(s):  “A Description of Louisiana” by Father Hennepin translated by John Gilmore Shea, which can be found in the “March of America Facsimile Series” volume 30, page 140-175.  The Seignelay River would take the expedition to the Illinois Nation where they had a conference.  They also near by built a second fort called Fort Creveœur .  The expedition spent considerable time in this area, (Early December 1679 to February, 28 1680 ), when Hennepin left the expedition to begin his expedition.  While they were building this fort, they were also building a new ship to sail down the Mississippi river . When the La Griffin did not return, De la Salle apparently went back to Fort Frontenac to discover the reason why.  He also went back to pick up rigging for the small ship they were building, see page 188 in “A Description of Louisiana”.

[iv] Source(s): “A Description of Louisiana” by Father Hennepin translated by John Gilmore Shea, which can be found in the “March of America Facsimile Series” volume 30, page 191-192, De la Salle’s letter describing the expedition, Page 361, also Henry de Tonty letter states the date of this expedtion, page 372.  In Hennepin’s book, he takes the credit for being the expedition’s leader.  However, according to De la Salle’s letter, Michael Accault was the appointed leader his letter states, “…Michael Accault, was totally versed in their language and manners.  He knew all their customs and was esteemed by several of these nations among whom I have already sent him, where he succeeded completely.  He is moreover prudent, brave and cool.”  He also states that Hennepin joined this group to preach the gospel.  Anthony Auguelle was also known as Picard du Gay.  They brought between 1000 and 1200 livres worth of goods with them which Hennepin lists, “…ten knives, twelve awls, a small roll of tobacco,… …two pounds of black and white beads, and a small package of needles.”

[v] Source(s): “A Description of Louisiana” by Father Hennepin translated by John Gilmore Shea, which can be found in the “March of America Facsimile Series” volume 30, page 204-208.  Hennepin writes about there pending deaths, “This compelled me to go to the war chief… …and throw into their midst six axes, fifteen knives, and six fathoms of our black tobacco, then bowing down my head I showed them, with an axe, that they may tomahawk us, if they thought proper.” this appeased them and then next morning April 12th, they all smoked the peace pipe.

[vi] Source(s): “A Description of Louisiana” by Father Hennepin translated by John Gilmore Shea, which can be found in the “March of America Facsimile Series” volume 30, page 209-210.



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