FAM 3 - T-34C Familiarization Flight 3

DISCUSS ITEMS

A.  Ditching

1. Flying Speed ----------------------  MAINTAIN (100 KIAS MIN)

2. Engine Instruments -------------  CHECK

3. Condition Lever -----------------  FTHR

4. Landing Gear and Flaps --------  UP (Flaps down for immediate ditch)

5. Landing Direction ---------------  SELECT

6. Harness ----------------------------  LOCKED

7. Airstart ----------------------------  PERFORM (If situation permits)

If airstart is not attempted or unsuccessful:

8. BAIL OUT ------------------------  AS DESIRED

If ditching is continued:

9. Condition Lever -----------------  FUEL OFF

10. T-Handle ------------------------  PULL

11. Flaps ------------------------------  DOWN

12. Canopy ---------------------------  EMERGENCY OPEN

Time permitting:

Broadcast MAYDAY (UHF) / 7700 (Transponder)

Unfasten Parachute

Remove Oxygen Mask

Battery Switch OFF

13. Execute EMERGENCY EXIT procedure

14. LPU -------------------------------  INFLATE WHEN CLEAR OF THE AIRCRAFT

B.   ITT, Torque, Oil, and N1 Limits

ITT Limits

1090°C ---  Maximum Instantaneous at Start

925°C -----  Maximum for 2 Seconds at Start

825°C -----  Maximum for 2 Seconds During Acceleration

695°C -----  Maximum Continuous

660°C -----  Maximum at Idle

610°C -----  Maximum During Engine Shutdown

Torque Limits

1315 ft-lb -Overtorque

1015 ft-lb -Maximum Continuous

955 ft-lb --  Maximum During Cruise

850 ft-lb --  Maximum with Oil Problem or Chip Light

580 ft-lb --  Maximum Range

420 ft-lb --  Maximum Endurance

Oil Pressure Limits

65-80 +/- 5 psi ----  N1 Above 75%

40 psi ---------------  N1 Below 75%

Oil Temperature Limits

100°C -----  Maximum Allowable

10 - 99°C -  Normal Operating Range

-40°C -----  Minimum for Start

N1 Limits

102.6% ---  Maximum for 2 Seconds at Start

101.5% ---  Maximum Continuous

60% -------  Minimum at Idle

C.  Chip Detector Caution Light

On Ground

1. Execute EMERGENCY ENGINE SHUTDOWN procedure

In Flight

1. PEL ---------------------------------  EXECUTE

Utilize a Maximum of 850 ft/lb torque and avoid unnecessary PCL movements

If engine failure/mechanical malfunction occurs:

2. Condition Lever -----------------  FUEL OFF

3. T-Handle --------------------------  PULL

D.  Engine Failure

During Takeoff

1. PCL --------------------------------  FULL BETA

2. Wheelbrakes ----------------------  AS REQUIRED

If going off runway is anticipated:

3. Condition Lever -----------------  FUEL OFF

4. T-Handle --------------------------  PULL

5. Canopy ----------------------------  EMERGENCY OPEN

6. Battery Switch -------------------  OFF

When aircraft comes to rest:

7. Harness ----------------------------  RELEASE

8. Parachute --------------------------  UNFASTENED

9. Evacuate Aircraft

During Flight

1. Flying Speed ----------------------  MAINTAIN (100 KIAS MIN)

2. Engine Instruments -------------  CHECK

3. Condition Lever -----------------  FTHR

4. Landing Gear and Flaps --------  UP

5. Landing Site ----------------------  SELECT

6. Harness ----------------------------  LOCKED

7. Airstart ----------------------------  PERFORM (If situation permits)

If airstart is not attempted or is unsuccessful:

8. No landing site available and altitude permits ---------  BAIL OUT

If forced landing is to be continued:

9. Condition Lever -----------------  FUEL OFF

10. T-Handle ------------------------  PULL

11. Broadcast ------------------------  MAYDAY(UHF), 7700(Transponder)

12. Enter ELP at or below high key

13. Gear and Flaps ------------------  AS REQUIRED

14. Canopy ---------------------------  EMERGENCY OPEN

E.   Out Of Control Recovery

1. Positively neutralize controls

2. PCL --------------------------------      IDLE

3. Determine aircraft Altitude

4. Determine AOA, Airspeed, and Check turn needle

If in steady state spin:

5. Execute spin recovery technique as appropriate

After aircraft regains controlled flight:

6. Execute unusual attitude recovery as appropriate

DEMONSTRATE ITEMS

A.  Practice Precautionary Landing (PPEL)

PPEL Procedure

1. TURN ----------  To the nearest paved field

2. CLIMB ---------  To dead-engine gliding distance point, 850 ft-lbs Maximum

3. CLEAN --------  Raise/verify Gear and Flaps UP

4. CHECK --------  Check instruments to determine the nature of the problem

5. DETERMINE -  The duty runway where you intend to land

6. DELIVER ------  PAN, PAN, PAN and ISPI (ID, Situation, Position, Intentions)

(simulate this call)

7. REDUCE ------  Power to 200 ft-lbs, 100 kt glide, retrim

8. LOWER --------  Gear Down prior to high key

9. REPORT -------  Perform Landing Checklist and report it complete

10. HIGH KEY ---  2,500 ft AGL, 100 kts, 1/4 wingtip distance

11. CROSSWIND-2,000 ft AGL, 100 kts, crossing landing line

12. LOW KEY ---  1,200 ft AGL, 100 kts, 2/3 wingtip distance

13. 90° POINT ---  600 - 800 ft AGL, 100 kts

14. FLAPS --------  As necessary, no earlier than LOW KEY

15. SLOW ---------  Reduce airspeed to 90 kts (Flaps Down) or 95 kts (Flaps Up)

16. REPORT -----  “Gear Down, Paddles Checked”

17. REDUCE -----  Power to idle in landing transition

PPEL Emergency Landing Pattern (ELP)

1. PPEL High Key ---------            2,500 ft AGL, 100 KIAS, Landing Gear DOWN, Flaps UP,

1/4 Wingtip distance abeam landing site, Aligned with landing direction

2. Crosswind Position ----            2,000 ft AGL, 100 KIAS, Landing Gear DOWN, Flaps UP, Crossing the landing line

3. PPEL Low Key ---------            @1,200 ft AGL, 100 KIAS, Landing Gear DOWN, Flaps UP,

2/3 wingtip distance

4. PPEL 90° Position -----            600 - 800 ft AGL, 100 KIAS, Landing Gear DOWN, Flaps UP, Perpendicular to landing line, 1/2 way between low key and final

5. Final ----------------------            90 - 95 KIAS, Gear/Flaps as appropriate

B.  High Altitude Power Loss (HAPL)

Engine Failure During Flight

1. Flying Speed ----------------------  MAINTAIN (100 KIAS MIN)

2. Engine Instruments -------------  CHECK

3. Condition Lever -----------------  FTHR

4. Landing Gear and Flaps --------  UP

5. Landing Site ----------------------  SELECT

6. Harness ----------------------------  LOCKED

7. Airstart ----------------------------  PERFORM (If situation permits)

If airstart is not attempted or is unsuccessful:

8. No landing site available and altitude permits ---------  BAIL OUT

If forced landing is to be continued:

9. Condition Lever -----------------  FUEL OFF

10. T-Handle ------------------------  PULL

11. Broadcast ------------------------  MAYDAY(UHF), 7700(Transponder)

12. Enter ELP at or below high key

13. Gear and Flaps ------------------  AS REQUIRED

14. Canopy ---------------------------  EMERGENCY OPEN

15. Battery Switch ------------------  OFF (May want to leave on at night)

      HAPL Emergency Landing Pattern (ELP)

1. HAPL High Key --------            2,500 ft AGL, 100 KIAS, Landing Gear UP, Flaps DOWN,

1/4 Wingtip distance abeam landing site, Aligned with landing direction

2. Crosswind Position ----            2,000 ft AGL, 100 KIAS, Landing Gear UP, Flaps DOWN, Crossing the landing line

3. HAPL Low Key --------            @1,200 ft AGL, 100 KIAS, Landing Gear UP, Flaps DOWN,

2/3 wingtip distance

4. HAPL 90° Position ----            600 - 800 ft AGL, 100 KIAS, Landing Gear UP, Flaps DOWN, Perpendicular to landing line, 1/2 way between low key and final

5. Final ----------------------            90 - 95 KIAS, Gear/Flaps as appropriate

- Gear Up, Flaps DOWN if landing in a field

C.  Approach Turn Stall (ATS)

1. Configure

It is recommended to configure for this maneuver by executing a Level Speed Change

     - Altitude at or above 6,500 ft AGL

     - Downwind Configuration - 90kts, level flight, gear and flaps DOWN, landing lights ON

2. Check

     - Perform Landing Checklist and report it complete

     - Perform Stall Checklist and report it complete

3. Clear

     - 30° AOB for 180° of turn

4. Setup

     - Simulate approach turn

     - Reduce power to 300 ft-lb

     - Establish 90 kt descent

     - Trim Left and Up

5.  Commence

     - Only begin turn after comfortably established

     - Begin 30° AOB turn

     - Raise nose above normal approach turn attitude

     - Reduce power to 200 ft-lbs

     - Hold this attitude until stall

6. Recover

     Simultaneously and Quickly: Relax, Max, Roll, Rudder

     - Relax back stick pressure slightly

     - Maximum power

     - Roll wings level

     - Add right Rudder to counter torque

7. Climb

     - Establish a positive climbing attitude

     - Check 1015 ft-lb torque

     - Check 80 kts

     - Check ball centered

     - Once stabilized, lower nose to 90 kt climb attitude

8. Level Off

     - Once established in a 90 kt climb, level off at the next 500 ft interval

     - Level off at 90 kts, 600 ft-lb

     - Trim Left and Up

9. Return to Normal Cruise, turn off Landing Lights and Auto Ignition Switch

D.  Spin

1. Configure

     - Establish Normal Cruise

     - Trimmed, straight and level flight

     - Begin at an altitude such that the spin is entered at a minimum altitude of 9,000 ft AGL

     - Select a reference point on the ground

2. Check

     - Perform STALL CHECKLIST and report it complete.

3. Clear

     - 45° AOB for 180° of turn.

4. Setup

     - Roll out of the clearing turn on the selected reference point

     - reduce power to 200 ft-lbs

     - Check wings level

     - Smoothly raise the nose approximately 30° above the horizon

5. Spin Entry

- At the rudder shakers lead the stall with a slight amount or rudder in the desired direction of spin

- When the aircraft stalls, apply full back stick and full rudder in the direction of the spin.

- Do not use ailerons

- Without staring out towards the nose, watch for your reference point

     - Initiate recovery after 2 turns past your reference point

6. Recovery

     - Apply full opposite rudder

     - Place the stick slightly forward of neutral

     - Hold the controls in this position until the spin stops, then neutralize the controls

     - Level the wings by reference to the horizon

7. Pullout and Level Off

     - Commence a smooth pullout, 120 kts minimum, maximum 4.5 G’s

     - Continue pullout until the nose is positioned in the level flight attitude

     - Recover with minimum loss of altitude

     - Check Oil Pressure for a minimum of 65 psi

     - Approaching 150 kts, add power to 600 ft-lbs

8. Complete Maneuver

     - Check and report the Oil Pressure

     - Check gyro and RMI for precession and slave as necessary

E.  Slip

      - This is an out of balance flight condition used to increase sink rate and lose excess altitude

      - A Slip may be performed at any altitude or configuration

      - A slip is often used to correct an out of balance fuel situation

1. Configure

     - 100 kts

     - Gear up, flaps down - simulate a slip to High Key

2. Commence

     - In a Turn  - Lower the inboard wing and apply opposite rudder

                    - Maintain a constant track over the ground

     - Straight/Level  - Lower one wing and apply opposite/top rudder

- Select a reference point on the horizon and adjust rudder/AOB to maintain the desired ground track

3. Maintain

     - Monitor airspeed closely

     - Adjust attitude as necessary to maintain 100 kts

     - Note VSI/increased sink rate

- The low-fuel warning for the lower wing may illuminate regardless of fuel quantity

4. Recover

INTRODUCE ITEMS

A.  Outlying Field Operations (OFO)

Full Flap Touch and Go Landings

1. Determine duty runway

     a. Select appropriate frequency for OLF

     b. Transmit “(Field Name) Landing”

     c. RDO will respond

     d. Respond to the RDO by reading back the field name and duty runway number

2. Fly to establish the aircraft at the 2 mile initial point.  At the 2 mile point, you must:

     a. Be on extended runway centerline

     b. Fly straight and level flight

     c. Be at break altitude - 1,200 ft for OLFs

     d. Flying 170 kts / Fast Cruise

     e. Transmit “(Field Name) RDO, KATT/BUC #, 2 mile initial, runway #, Dual, Fam-2”

3. Fly from the initial point toward the runway maintaining altitude and airspeed.

a. Approaching runway, offset abeam on the opposite side from the touch and go pattern

b. Visually locate pattern traffic

c. Obtain wind information by checking the wind sock

4. Establish proper interval

5. With interval, execute the break

     a. Transmit “KATT/BUC #, Crosswind break”

     b. FLOP - Roll into a maximum of 30° AOB turn and maintain altitude

     c. CHOP - Reduce power to 300 ft-lbs torque and maintain altitude

     d. DROP - Check airspeed below 150 kts and lower the landing gear

6. Enter Downwind

     a. Adjust AOB to establish 3/4 wingtip distance

     b. Slow to 100 kts

     c. Descend at 100 kts to pattern altitude - 900 ft MSL

     d. Level off at pattern altitude using PAT principle

     e. Adjust power to 500 - 550 ft-lbs

     f. Once on Downwind, conduct Landing Checklist down to flaps

7. At 15° prior to the abeam point, conduct the 4 T’s

     a. TRANSITION - Power to 300 ft-lbs and lower flaps

     b. TRIM - Left and up

     c. TURN - Begin turn at 180° point and descend at 90 kts to 90° point

     d. TALK - Transmit “KATT/BUC #, 180, gear down and locked”

     e. Report “Gear down, flaps down, Landing Checklist complete”

8. At the 90° point

     a. 90 KIAS

     b. 400 ft AGL / 500 ft MSL

9. Final approach

     a. 85 KIAS

     b. 100 - 150 ft AGL / 200 - 250 ft MSL

     c. 1,200 - 1,500 ft of straight-away remaining

     d. Wings level

     e. Check for good paddles and report “Gear down, paddles checked”

     f. Do not land prior to the RDO, crash crew, or wheels watch

10. Flare, landing, and takeoff

     a. Approaching touchdown, smoothly reduce PCL to IDLE

b. Coordinate gradual backstick pressure to land smoothly on the mains in a nose-high attitude

     c. Smoothly lower nose to the ground

     d. Add power to maximum allowable 1015 ft-lbs, raise the nose to takeoff attitude

     e. Execute a normal takeoff

11. Climbout

     a. Climb out at 90 kts

     b. Retrim right and down

     c. At 300 ft AGL / 400 ft MSL and clear of obstacles, raise flaps

     d. Accelerate to 100 kts, retrim left and up for 100 kt climb

12. Crosswind

     a. When #1 with interval, make transmit “KATT/BUC #, crosswind, touch and go”

     b. Turn crosswind using a maximum of 30° AOB

     c. Begin Landing Checklist down to flaps

     d. 50 ft prior to pattern altitude, reduce power to 500 - 550 ft-lbs

     e. Lower the nose to maintain 100 KIAS, trim left and up

     f. Enter Downwind

Outlying Field Departure

1. Ensure that you are number one upwind

     a. Above 300 ft AGL / 400 ft MSL

     b. Flaps up

     c. Upwind aircraft has:

         - Begun crosswind turn

         - Raised his gear to depart

         - Conducted simulated LAPL from the pattern

2. Aircraft above 300 ft AGL / 400 ft MSL and flaps up

3. Transmit “KATT/BUC #, number one upwind, departing”

4. Add power to maximum allowable 1015 ft-lbs

5. Check airspeed below 120 kts

     a. Lower landing gear

     b. Turn landing lights off

6. Climb to departure altitude

     a. Accelerate to 170 KIAS or 120 KIAS

     b. Retrim

7. Switch to appropriate frequency

     a. Channel 19 - Area 1 Common

C.  Full Flap Landings (2 Minimum)

      - See Introduce Item Above

C.  No Flap Landings (2 Minimum)

      - The No Flap approach and landing are the same as the Full Flap approach and landing discussed previously with the following exceptions:

1. At 15° prior to the abeam point - Reduce power to 275 ft-lbs

2. At the 180° point - Reduce airspeed to 95 kts

3. On Final/Approach - Maintain 95 kts throughout the approach

4. Climbout airspeed after touch and go - 100 kts

D.  Waveoff

      1. Advance PCL to Maximum allowable 1015 ft-lbs

      2. Simultaneously level the wings and center the ball

      3. Raise the nose to climbing attitude and climb out at 100 kts.  Retrim

      4. Above 300 ft AGL / 400 ft MSL, raise flaps if necessary, and accelerate to 100 kts.  Retrim

5. Adjust flight path by moving to either side of runway to avoid traffic and to keep aircraft on runway in sight.

      6. With interval, call Crosswind to re-enter the Downwind or depart the pattern.

PRACTICE ITEMS

A.  Preflight

B.  Ground Procedures (Checklists, Start, and Taxi)

C.  Takeoff

D.  Initial Climb to Altitude (ICA)

E.  Straight and Level Flight

F.   Constant Angle of Bank Turns

G.  Turn Pattern

H.   Power Off Stall

I.  Basic Transitions

J.    Communication Procedures

K.   Course Rules