FLIGHT PLANNING REVIEW

BINAV QUESTIONS:

1.        Are TACAN/VOR/ADF True/Mag/Relative?

- TACAN:  Mag Bearing & Radial

- ADF: Relative Bearing only

- VOR: Mag Bearing & Radial

2.        If you have 40 deg Lock Off is DME unreliable?

-          DME will remain reliable

-          Azimuth is un-reliable  

3.        What are the TACAN modes of operation?

- Receive Only, T/R, Air to Air, stby

4.        What do you get with TACAN A/A?

- Slant Range Only

5.        What is the best indicator of station passage-TACAN, VOR?

- TACAN:  Min DME

- VOR: CDI To/From flag

6.        As you approach/depart a TACAN, what will happen to slant range and ground range

-          Slant Range decreases and ground range decreases as you approach

-          Slant range increases and ground range increases as you depart
Slant range error increases as you approach a ground station

7.        Explain the 60:1 rule  (ie. Calculate the distance between Radials)

-          60nm = 1 radial per mile

-          30nm = 2

-          15nm = 4

-          10nm = 6

-          6nm = 10

-          5 nm = 12

-          3 nm = 20

       8.        While radial tracking, how do you know if you are left or right of course and how to you correct?

-          Compare tail of the needle to desired radial

-          If the tail is right of course, you are right of course; if left then you are left

-          Correct using Inbound Charlie Brown (Course-Needle-beyond)

-          Or by using OuTbound Tom Collins (Tail-Course-beyond)

STANDARD CORRECTION:

Go Beyond the same # of degrees of your desired course

Go 10 deg for every nm off course

9.        How do you lead a turn onto and off of an ARC?

                - Using 60:1 rule and turn point/turn radius

        T-34 turn radius = ½ of 1% of GS

        Over a Navaid: Turn radius + Min DME (min DME is A/C ALT/6000)

        Away from a Navaid:  Lead point = Turn Radius (ie. ½ of 1% of GS)

        45 deg turns = ½ Turn radius

        30 deg turns = 1/3 Turn radius

  10.     How do you correct/maintain and ARC?

-          Maintain heading until tail rises 10 deg above bench mark (DME will increase slightly)

-          Then, make a 20 deg heading change (toward station) until tail is 10 deg below bench mark

-          At 90/270 bench mark; if distance is greater than desired turn until tail is below bench mark

-          At 90/270 bench mark; if distance is less than desired maintain heading until desired DME then make heading change.

11.     Explain how tailwind/headwind affects the decision to turn earlier/later and how it affect turn radius (increase and decrease)?

-          Head wind will cause A/C to turn shorter inbound/longer outbound.  Decreases turn radius.

-          Tail wind will cause A/C to turn longer inbound/shorter outbound.  Increase turn radius.

-          Tune, Identify, Monitor

-          Set up a scale (use greater DME for scale)

-          Figure out where on tail you are

-          Figure out point desired

-          Turn to rough heading

-          Fine tune heading (using ½, ½, ½, technique)

-          Continue to update heading

        13.     What is the holding airspeeds for a T-34?

                - 175 KIAS Max

                - 120 KIAS recommended

  14.     Give an example of how to figure a holding pattern reported from a controller.

                - Hold northwest of the NPA130 at 10DME.

  15.     Explain Holding entries.

-          Right Hand turn 000-070 = Tear Drop, 000-250 Opposite Parallel, 70-250 Direct Entry

-          Left Hand turn 000-110= Opposite Parallel, 000-290 Tear Drop, 110-290 Direct Entry

-          Three types of turns:  Direct entry, No wind, and wind corrected

16.     What is missed approach point on a Precision and Non-Precision approach?

-          DH for precision

-          DME or timing for non precision approach

17.     Explain how DH, Circle MDA, TDZE, Airport Elevation, HAT, HAA are related?

-          DH (MSL) applies to precision approaches

-          Circle MDA (MSL) applies to non-precision approaches

-          TDZE (MSL) elevation of touch down point

-          HAT (AGL) associated with straight in  approaches

-          HAA (AGL) associated with circling approaches

FLIGHT PLANNING QUESTIONS

18.     How is fuel rounded on a Jet Card?

-          Rounded up to the nearest 5 pounds

19.     Where must you have zero fuel to be able to legally fly a planned event?

-          Alternate Airfield

      20.     What are the requirements for an emergency field?

                -     5000’ of hard deck runway and compatible approach.  Military field is preferred.

21.     How do you calculate void time? How is it rounded?

-          Void time is determined by adding all legs, delays, and approaches. 

-          Rounded to the next even hour

22.     What are the effects of wind on the aircraft?

- Ground speed and track

23.     What are the calls for Two Minutes Prior, MOT, and Wings Level?

-          Two Minute Prior: 

1.        We are two minutes prior to  ______

2.        Outbound heading is ____ for a course of ______

3.        I estimate (next point) at time ____________

-          MOT

1.        Turn left/right to a heading of ______

2.        Time is _____

3.        Place is _____

4.        Fuel is _____

5.        NAVAID changes to ______ (or NAVAID remain the same)

-          Wings Level

1.        We had _____#’s of fuel (at MOT point)

2.        I estimated _____#’s of fuel

3.        We are _____#’s above/below preflight

4.        I estimate _____#’s at IAF

24.     What are the requirements for a ground speed check?

-          Level Flight

-          Steady Airspeed

-          Radial Tracking

-          Correct TAS

-          Time

25.     What is the minimum time for a ground speed check?

-     Min of one minute

26.     How often should you do a ground speed check?

                        -     At least once per leg

27.     AT FL270 how far from a TACAN must you be before starting a GS check?

                -     @ 27 DME or greater

28.     Requirements for revising ETA/EFR?

                -     When ETA is greater that 30 sec and EFR is greater than 30 pounds at IAF

29.     What are the 3710 fuel requirements?

-          Your total fuel will be at least equal to sum of the following:

1.        Flight from takeoff to destination IAF

2.        Flight from destination IAF to alternate AIRFIELD

3.        OPNAV reserve fuel

a.        10% of planning total fuel requirements, or

b.       20 minutes of flight at 10,000’, max endurance profile (T-34=60#’s) “which ever is greater”

30.     What is displayed on the weather depiction chart?

                -     IFR, MVFR, Cloud coverage, Temp, Fronts.  They are transmitted every three hours.

31.     When can you fly into a WW?

-          Storm development has not progressed as forecast for planed route.  In such situations:

1.        VFR filing is permitted if existing and forecast weather for the planned route permits such flights.

2.        IFR flight may be permitted if aircraft radar is installed and operative, thus permitting detection and avoidance of isolated thunderstorms.

3.        IFR flight is permissible in positive controlled areas if visual meteorological conditions can be maintained, thus enabling aircraft to detect and avoid isolated thunderstorms.

-          Performance characteristics of the aircraft permit an enroute altitude above existing/developing severe storms.

32.     When can you fly in a CAWW (at VT-10/4)?

-          Never.  No training aircraft.

-          You may never file into an airfield with a CAWW

33.     Who is affected by AIRMETS/SIGMETS?

-          SIGMETS apply to all types of aircraft.  Convective SIGMETS cover:

1.        Tornadoes

2.        Line of thunderstorms

3.        Hail of ¾ inch or more in diameter

4.        Embedded thunderstorms

5.        Area of thunderstorms covered in 40% or more

Note:  Icing, Turb, and low-level wind shears are implied.

-          AIRMETS apply to lighter aircraft (12,500 lbs and below) and cover:

1.        Moderate Icing

2.        Moderate turb over an extensive area

3.        Extensive areas where visibilities are less that three miles and/or ceilings are less that 1000 feet, including mountain passes.

34.     If there is a cow on the runway, besides avoiding it, what must you do?

-          PIREP to the Tower

-          When ceilings are at or below 5000 feet and visibility is below 5 miles, or thunderstorms are reported, FAA is required to solicit PIREPS.

Note:  In accordance with OPNAV 3710 PIREPS will be given:

    When requested

    When any unusual weather conditions exist

    When IFR approach and actual weather differs from that reported

    When missed approach is due to weather below mins

    When wind shear is encountered on approach or departure.

    Any other hazard to Navigation (does not have to be weather related)

35.     What is approach criteria and mins for a Section Takeoff/approach?

                        -     Use circling minimums.  If no circling minimums then basic VFR (1000-3)

FAA Flight services stations will broadcast in-flight weather advisories when they pertain to an area within 150 nm of the Flight Service Station

In-flight weather advisories  are transmitted at 15 min and 45 min past the hour during the first hour of their valid time.

Convective SIGMETS will be transmitted on the hour and at 30 min past the hour.

After the first hour, only an altering broadcast will be transmitted at 15 and 45 minutes past the hour.

In-flight weather advisories will be transmitted over all frequencies which are listed after the word “RADIO” in the IFR Sup. With the exception of freq listed with an “R”.  “R” is for receive only.

FLIGHT STATIONS

Flight Service stations ARE NOT weather forecasters. They may not make original weather forecasts, however, they have the latest weather reports and terminal forecasts.

SCHEDULED WEATHER BROADCASTS

Navaids providing scheduled weather broadcasts are indicated by radio class B.  IFR En route supplement listing a Navaid as a BVORTAC indicates the VORTAC provides scheduled weather broadcasts.  These stations broadcast weather info at 15 min past the hour.

ABVORTAC provides continuous automatic transcribed weather broadcasts.

NOTE: Voice reception is only possible over VOR freqs. 

Pilot-To-Metro Service (PMSV)

When utilizing PMSV, you are talking directly to a military weather forecaster.  Max use of Metro briefing service when airborne is encouraged.

Review pages 7-10 to 7-14