Dayak Bidayuh Reference List

Compiled by Kron Aken

Latest update: 2 November 2003

This is my attempt at building a comprehensive reference list on Bidayuh (Land Dayak) to help people who would like to study Bidayuh. The references have been compiled from many sources, including internet searches. Where authors have provided abstracts, I have also included them.  Please send your updates, comments, corrections to kron_aken@yahoo.com Please note, I do NOT keep copies of the articles.

Abdullah, A.R., 1993, Modernization in two Bidayuh villages. Ph.D.Thesis, Hull.
Abstract: This is the study of agricultural modernization and socio-cultural change in two Bidayuh villages of Serian District, Sarawak, East Malaysia. Traditionally the people of Engkaroh and Tian were shifting cultivators producing mainly to meet their subsistence needs. Shifting cultivation is a traditional farming system and in Sarawak it has been associated with backwardness and poverty, especially by the policy makers and planners. Thus the national agricultural policy's goal of promoting agricultural commercialization is also targeted at this group of farmers. This study sought to understand how communities which practise such a system respond to change. This study demonstrates that Bidayuh agriculture in Engkaroh and Tian had evolved into a semi-commercial system and that the Bidayuh farmers were not constrained by tradition in accepting change. However, they changed in accordance to their perception of the local economic, socio-cultural, and political realities. In the field of economics, change was significantly influenced by the local pattern of change - an adaptive strategy which minimized the risks to the farming households. In the socio-cultural and political aspects, change occurred in a manner which did not jeopardise the integrity of the community. A comparative study of the two villages also shows that there were significant differences between them in their resources and relevant socio-cultural and economic environments, although they were situated in the same district and belonged to the same ethnic group. This had contributed to the difference in the responses to change of the farmers in the two villages. This finding also has important implications for the validity of centrally planned change in Malaysian government development strategies.

Adams, P. M. 1933. Land Dayak fines list, Sarawak Museum Journal, IV: 13, pp.183-185.

Adams, P. M. 1933. List of fines for Bukar Land Dayaks which includes: Munggu Babi, Lanchang, Jenan, Kakeng, Bahru, Tarad, Menyabet, Tian, Murut, Panchor, Ritu, Sarawak Museum Journal, IV: 13, pp.181-182.

Adams, P. M. 1933. List of fines for Land Dayaks living in left-hand branch of S. Sarawak, compiled in the presence of and agreed to by all the Chiefs at Pengkalan Ampat in May, 1932, Sarawak Museum Journal, IV: 13, pp.179-180.

Adams, P. M. 1933. List of fines of Land Dayaks of Lundu, Sarawak Museum Journal, IV: 13, pp.175.

AhBeng, Rapheal Scott. 1991. Bidayuh carving. In: Chin, L, Mashman, V. eds. Sarawak cultural legacy: a living tradition. Sarawak Atelier Society, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia. p45-52.

Ahmad Ebi and Lorenz Tambang Ngison. 1982. Hikayat Bidayuh, Vanguard Press Sdn. Bhd., Kuching.

Ahmad Mahdzan Ayob, Abu Hassan Md Isa, Noran Fauziah Yaakub, Douglas Tayan and Tonga Noweg, 1990. Benchmark Study of the Proposed SALCRA Serian Oil Palm Complex, Sarawak: Perception, Attitudes and Levels of Living. Study Sponsored by Sarawak Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Authority, Kuching, Sarawak.

Ahmad Mahdzan Ayob, Abu Hassan Md Isa, Noran Fauziah Yaakub, Douglas Tayan and Tonga Noweg, 1990. Benchmark Study of the Proposed SALCRA Bau-Lundu Oil Palm Project, Sarawak: Perception, Attitudes and Levels of Living. Study Sponsored by Sarawak Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Authority, Kuching,

Aichner, P. 1949. Some notes on Land-Dayaks their languages, Sarawak Museum Journal, V: 1, pp.95-97.

Aichner, P. 1950. Some customs and practices amongst Land Dayaks, Sarawak Museum Journal, V: 2, pp.221-225.

Aichner, P. 1955. Adat Begawai among the Land Dayaks, Sarawak Museum Journal, VI: 6, pp.588-589.

Aikman, R.G. 1935. Land Dayak fines for Singghi, Serambu, Grogo and Jagoi Land Dayaks, Sarawak Museum Journal, IV: 14, pp.255.

Aman, Michael M. 1989. The origin of Dayak Bidayuh or the history of Dayak Bidayuh. Sarawak Museum Journal, Vol. 40, No. 60 part 2, pp367-406.

Anderson, A.J.U. 1980. Food consumption of Land Dayaks in Tebakang area. Sarawak Gazette, Vol 106, No. 1464, pp71-80.

Ang-Abey, Lucila. 1991. A preliminary enquiry on Bidayuh politeness in the speech act of request. Sarawak Museum Journal, Vol 42, No 63, pp397-411.

Awang Hasmadi Awang Mois. 1977. Adat Selako, Ijazah Sarjana Muda, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

Awang Hasmadi Awang Mois. 1978. Beliefs and practices concerning births among the Selako of Sarawak, Sarawak Museum Journal, XXVI: 47, pp.7-13.

Awang Hasmadi Awang Mois. 1979. Adat dan Ugama Selako, Ijazah Sarjana, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

Awang Hasmadi Awang Mois. 1981. Selako circumcision. Sarawak Museum Journal, Vol 29, No. 50, pp59-72.

Awang Hasmadi Awang Mois. 1990. Selako Worldwide and Rituals, Unpublished Ph.D Thesis, University of Cambridge.
Author's Abstract: This study seeks to examine the worldview and ritual practices of one small Dayak group, the Selako of Lundu District in the 1st Division Sarawak, Malaysia. In part it is intended as an ethnographic study. At the same time it also addresses certain theoretical issues in the anthropological study of ritual action. This study of the ritual practices and worldview of the Selako focuses on two central Selako concepts, adat and rukun. The major object of the study is to understand these two concepts, not only at an abstract level but also in their function and meaning in Selako social life. Based upon a demonstration of the symbiotic relationship between these two concepts, the dynamics of the Selako religious system and various differences and the changes which occur within the Selako groups studied may be explained. This worldview and these ritual practices not only reflect Selako society; they also express the close interaction between Selako society and the world, both physical and putative or cosmological, in which it is situated. This worldview and its attendant ritual practices are not only interwoven into everyday Selako life; they are strongly rooted in the past and at the same time manifest some processes of change. The study of Selako myths to be offered will be placed within the general anthropological discussion of myth and rituals.

Baer, A. 1995. Human Genes and Biocultural History in Southeast Asia, Asian Perspectives, 34: 21-35, [On Iban, Bidayuh, Kadazan]

Barin, E. 1992 Oral tradition: a personal view. Sarawak Gazette. 129:1522, p52-55
Abstract: This paper identifies oral tradition as handed down in song, chanting, ritual dance or musical performance. It considers such tradition to be 'education for unlettered people'. Data derive from field work among the Bidayuh of Sarawak in 1991. The inverse relationship between indigenous knowledge on the one hand and schooling and Christianity on the other is noted. In particular young people identify with a pan-Malaysian and international culture and local pharmacopoeia, genealogies, ecological knowledge, legends, myths and social behaviour are being lost. To this end the Majlis Pembangunan Sosial has been entrusted by the Sarawak State Government to carry out a resolution of the Cultural Heritage Symposium on the collection and preservation of oral tradition in Sarawak. This project, known as the Projek Tradisis Lisan, was launched in 1990.

Beavitt, Paul, Kurui, Edmund, Thompson, Gill. 1996. Confirmation of an early date for the presence of rice in Borneo: preliminary evidence for possible Bidayuh Asian links [with comments by P Bellwood] Borneo Research Bulletin. 27 pp 29-38.

Bigar, Deboi. 1955. A Land Dayak girl explorer, Sarawak Museum Journal, VI: 6, pp.522-525.

Boult, F.F. & Moulton, J.C. 1911. The prohibition of deer's flesh among some of the Land-Dayaks, Sarawak Museum Journal, I: 1, pp.140-145.

Boyer, Gabriel Mario. c1971. Land Dayak folk tales. Kuching Sarawak. Borneo Literature Bureau. 31 p.

Boyle, F. 1984. Adventures among the Dayaks of Borneo. Antara Book Company, Kuala Lumpur.

Bruton, Roy A. 1993. Farewell to democracy in Sarawak: Theoretical exploration of socio-cultural transmissions, with reference to change, conflict and contradiction. Merlin Books Ltd. Devon.

Bruton, Roy A., 1981. A remote Bidayuh area in Sarawak and schooling: a theoretical exploration of socio-cultural transmissions, with reference to change, conflict and contradiction. Ph.D. Thesis. London, Institute of Education, 35-7723

Buck, W.S.B. 1933. Vocabulary of Land Dayak as spoken in Kampong Boyan, Upper Sarawak, Sarawak Museum Journal, IV: 13, pp.187-192.

Burgers, Paul. 1991. The importance of non-timber forest products in the rural economy of Bidayuh shifting cultivators in the First Division of Sarawak, Malaysia. MSc Thesis. SGIO-UU.

Chang Pat Foh. 2002. History of Bidayuh in Kuching Division Sarawak. pp311. [self-published]
Abstract: This book consists of ten chapters; the first chapter deals briefly with the history of Sarawak, the second chapter deals with Bidayuh in general. Chapter 3 to7 covers Bidayuh settlement patterns in Kuching, Penrissen, Siburan, Padawan, Bau and Lundu. The last three chapters touches on Bidayuh culture and customs, Dayak Bidayuh National Association (DBNA) and general conclusion on the history of Bidayuh in Kuching Division. This book is the product of the author's PhD thesis submitted for a Doctor of Philosophy in Sociology at Berkeley International University, Los Angeles. [see front book cover]

Chang Pat Foh. 1995. The Land of the Freedom Fighters. Ministry of Social Development, Sarawak.
Abstract: This book describes the history, cultures and events of Bau with references to the history and administration of Brunei on Sarawak, the early Bidayuh migration and influx of Chinese miners from Kalimantan to Sarawak. This book is based on a compilation of a series of articles written by the author over the period 1985 to 1994.

Chang Pat Foh. 1988 Bidayuh settlements in Bau District (Part two). Sarawak Gazette. 65:1505, p22-38
Abstract: This is the second of two articles attempting to put on record historical settlement patterns and movements of the Bidayuhs in Bau District, Sarawak, Malaysia. The first article looked at the settlement of Bratak and Serembu settlements. This article gives details of three further settlements, namely Singai, Jagoi and Krokong. For each settlement, details of their historical background, legends surrounding the settlement, and movement of the Kampungs into the area are given. The two articles are concluded by examining present settlement patterns of the Bidayuh, and their movement from higher land to the foot of mountains for reasons of access to modern centres and agricultural land, and of security. The Bidayuh population in Bau is estimated and present day employment and irrigation patterns are discussed.

Chang Pat Foh. 1988. Bidayuh settlements in Bau District (Part one). Sarawak Gazette. 64:1504, p29-41
Abstract: This article is the first of two recording historical settlement patterns and movements of the Bidayuhs in Bau District, Sarawak, Malaysia. It starts with a classification into six classes of Bidayuh, who make up 9% of the population of Sarawak. It then details comments made on the Bidayuh community by visting Europeans and describes past Bidayuh settlements in terms of area and administration. It next describes in more detail two settlements, Bratak and Serembu, giving their historical background, and movement of Kampungs into the area. The paper also describes a personal visit made to Gunung Serembu, an historical area of settlement.

Chang Pat Foh. 1988. Seruboh - bamboo water-pipe. Sarawak Gazette. No. 1503. p31-32.

Chang Pat Foh. 1987. Baruk-Bidayuh cultural and religious house. Sarawak Gazette, Vol 113, No. 1500, pp32-39.

Chang Pat Foh. 1987. Major events in the history of Bau. Sarawak Gazette, Vol 113, No. 1499, pp25-43.

Chang Pat Foh. 1986. Profile: Datuk Salau ak. Jambang. Sarawak Gazette, Vol 112, No 1496 pp31-34.

Chen, PCY. 1988. Bringing leprosy into the open. World Health Forum.9:3, p323-326
Abstract: A study was carried out in Sarawak, Malaysia, to identify and quantitatively assess cultural beliefs, knowledge and prejudices in the Chinese, Malay, Iban, Bidayuh and Orang Ulu communities regarding leprosy, especially its nature, cause, transmission and curability. Informal open-ended talks were conducted with key persons from these ethnic groups, and this led to the formulation of a structured questionnaire and its use over 12 months to obtain quantitative data from 388 interviewees. The study covered rural Iban and Orang Ulu longhouse dwellers, rural Malay and Bidayuh communities comprising nuclear families, and urban and rural Chinese. The results indicated diverse opinions, prejudices and degrees of knowledge about leprosy among the various ethnic groups. The information was used as a basis for the establishment of a health education package relating to the disease.

Cleophas, Caroline. 1996. Sejarah Perkambangan Sosio-Ekonomi Masyarakat Bidayuh (1946-1990), Ijazah Sarjana Muda Sejarah, Universiti Malaya, 1995/96

Condominas, G. 1977. A shaman's performance seance in a Bidayuh long-house [English summary illus., map, bibliogr.] [French] Ethnographie. 74/5 pp 249-71.

Condominas G., 1977. Une s�ance de chamanisme dans une longue maison bidayuh ou land dayak de Sarawak (ASE Nice)

Court, C. 1970. The kinship terms of reference of the Mentu Land Dayaks, in phonemic notation. Bijdragen tot de taal- land- en volkenkunde. 126:4 pp 463-5.

Court, Christopher. 1967. A distinctive feature analysis of the phonemes of Mentu Land Dayak. Phonetica 17:202-207

Daane, Jon R.V. 1974. Internal and External Co-operation of Land Dayak Villages, Department of Rural Sociology of the Tropics and Sub-Tropics, Agricultural University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.

Dalton, G. 1915. Singghi Dayak Dictionary (typescript), Kuching: Sarawak Government Printing Office.

Denison, N. 1876. Notes on the Land Dayaks of the Sarawak Proper. Sarawak Gazette, No. 124.

Diamond, Lucy. 1961. Serita pasar Daniel. translated by Francis and Michael Diway. England : [s.n.], 1961. 50 p. ; 18 cm.

Dixon, Gale. 1972. Rural settlement in Sarawak. Ph.D thesis. University of Oregon.
Abstract: Dayaks, Malay and Chinese through their diverse ways of using and occupying the Sarawak environment created three identifiable and different cultural landscapes, and these cultural landscapes blend and coalesce into yet another cultural landscape.

Drake-Brokman, JF. 1958. The Land Dayak. In: Harrison, Tom ed. The Peoples of Sarawak.

Dundon, Stephen Jussem. 1989. The Bidayuh language and dialects. Sarawak Museum Journal, Vol. 40, No. 62, pp305-307.

Dundon, Stephen Jussem. c1968. Koda koda gaya pingajar. Borneo Literature Bureau,  Kuching. 29 p. ; 21 cm.

Dzulkiflee Abdullah. 1996. Dialek Dayak Selako di Daerah Lundu, Sarawak: Satu Kajian Fonologi, Ijazah Sarjana Muda Pendidikan, Universiti Pertanian Malaysia, Serdang.

Elam, E. H. 1935. Slakow and Larah Land Dayaks of Lundu. Sarawak Museum Journal,. Vol IV (part III), No. 14.

Elam, E. H. 1937. Land Dayaks of the Sadong District, Sarawak. Sarawak Museum Journal, Vol IV (partIV) No. 15.

Elam, E. H. 1937. Land Dayaks of the Sadong District, Sarawak. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Malayan Branch, Singapore. Vol 4.

Borneo Literature Bureau, 1968. English-Biatah phrase book. viii, 80 p. ; 16 cm.

Borneo Literature Bureau, 1968. English-Bau/Jagoi phrase book.  xi, 88 p. ; 16 cm.

Fauziah Yaakub Noran, Mahdzan Ayob Ahmad, Noweg Tonga. 1993. Dayak Bidayuh of the Bau-Lundu region: demographic profile and their perception of educational amenities. Sarawak Museum Journal. 44:65 pp 77-91.

Gadug, Saet. 1988. Omens, the Rayang Bidayuh version. Sarawak Gazette,114:1504, pp27-28.

Gadug, Wilfred S. 1980. Example of Bidayuh animism. Sarawak Gazette, 106:1467, pp88-89.

Gandek, Sikim. 1992. Orang Bidayuh dalam Politik Sarawak: Satu Kajian Kes di Kampung Sapit, Padawan, Kuching, Sarawak [Bidayuh in Sarawak Politics: A Case Study in Kampung Sapit, Padawan, Kuching, Sarawak], Academic Exercise, Dept. of Anthropology and Sociology, University Malaya, 1991/92

Geddes, Maud. 1952. Land Dayak children. Geographical Magazine Vol XXIV, No. 9.

Geddes, W.R. 1954. The Land Dayaks of Sarawak: A Report on a Social Economic Survey of the Land Dayaks of Sarawak, Paper presented to the Colonial Social Science Research Council, Colonial Research Studies, No.14, London: H.M Stationery Office.

Geddes, William Robert. 1950. Land Dayak. Sarawak Gazette.

Geddes, William Robert. 1954b. Land tenure of Land Dayaks. Sarawak Museum Journal, Vol VI, No. 4.

Geddes, William Robert. 1957. Nine Dayaks Nights. Oxford University Press.

Geddes, William Robert. 1980. The Land Dayaks of Sarawak. AMS Press New York 113p. [Reprint of 1954]

Geddes, William Robert. 1980. The common head-house. Sarawak Gazette, 106:1467, pp89-91. [extract from the Land Dayaks of Sarawak, London: HMSO., 1954]

Gerrits, R.V. 1994. Sustainable Development of a village land use system in upland Sarawak, East Malaysia. Ph.D thesis, University of Queensland.

Grijpstra, B. 1990 Impressions of long term change in a Bidayuh village. Sarawak Gazette 67:1514, p48-50
Abstract: This paper describes changes observed from field work carried out between 1972 and 1990 in the Bidayuh village of Kampung Riih Daso in Serian district, Kuching division of Sarawak, Malaysia. Data are derived from observation and discussions with a limited number of informants together with video recordings of major events of the past. Sub-sections deal with population (reduction in average household size from 7 to 5 persons), physical appearance of village, economic change (decline in hill paddy, uprooting of old rubber trees, introduction of cocoa, cessation of reciprocal labour groups, increase in luxury items), religion (from animism to Roman Catholicism) and social change (increased welfare but also greater inequality). Ideas about future disintegration and disorganization of village life have been too pessimistic; a community does still exist though ways of inter-communal cooperation have changed drastically.

Grijpstra, Bouwe. 1990. Impressions of long term change in a Bidayuh village. Sarawak Gazette, 117:1514, pp48-51.

Grijpstra, Bouwe G. 1971. Cooperation and Development among the Bidayuh, Borneo Research Bulletin, 3: 2, pp. 67-68.

Grijpstra, Bouwe. G. 1993. Long-term Change Among the Bidayuh: The Desirability of a Restudy, in Sutlive, V. (ed.), Change and Development in Borneo: Selected Papers from The First Conference of the Borneo Research Council, Borneo Research Council Proceedings Series, pp.253-276.

Grijpstra, Bouwe. G. 1976. Common efforts in the development of rural Sarawak, Malaysia. Orig. thesis [Wageningen University]. Wageningen, 1976. Original limp pictorial wraps., (9), 231pp., ills. on 4 plates, numerous tables in text & full-p., appendices, double-p. sketch-map.

Gumis ak. Human, Gabriel. 1976. A socio-historical survey of the Singgai Dayaks. Journal of the Sarawak Branch, Malaysian Historical Society, No. 3. Kuching.

Harris, Fiona, 2002. Growing Gods: Bidayuh processes of religious change in Sarawak, Malaysia. Ph.D thesis, University of Edinburgh.

Harrisson, Tom. 1950. Kelabit, Land Dayak and Related Glass Beads in Sarawak, Sarawak Museum Journal, V: 2, pp.201-220.

Hasmadi Awang Mois, Awang. 1978. Beliefs and practices concerning births among the Selako of Sarawak. Sarawak Museum Journal, 26:47, pp7-13.

Hew Cheng Sim 2001. Of marriage, money and men: Bidayuh working mothers and their households in Kuching. Southeast Asian Journal of Social Science, Vol. 29 No. 2: pp.285-304.

Hew Cheng Sim. 2002. Women Workers, Migration and Family in Sarawak. RoutledgeCurzon, London
Abstract: This book, based on intensive research among Bidayuh women in  Sarawak, all of them first generation migrant wage workers, explores the extent to which women's lifestyles are changing, and the reasons which prompt women to make the changes. How far are such women driven by economic considerations, how far by dissatisfaction with traditional lifestyles, and how far by the appeal of a glamorous urban lifestyle? The author's research includes detailed interviews in the field, and much of this interview material is included in the book, thereby enabling the Bidayuh women to tell their own stories as they grapple with the rapid changes swirling around them.

Hew Cheng Sim. 2001. Singles, Sex and Salaries: The Experiences of Single Bidayuh Women Migrants in Kuching. Asian Studies Review. Volume 25 : Issue 3 September 2001

Hew Cheng Sim. 2001. Bidayuh Housewives In A Changing World. Journal Of Anthropological Research. Vol. 57, No. 2, pp 151-66.
Abstract: This article is based on a larger ethnographic study of Bidayuh women, a group of minority indigenous women in the Malaysian state of Sarawak. The women interviewed were first-generation wage workers who had migrated from villages to the capital city of Kuching for work in the personal services sector. This article focuses on women who have since withdrawn from the labour market as a result of marriage and children. It discusses why the women left the workforce and asks whether it was a consequence of adopting the old Western bourgeois family ideal of male breadwinner and female housewife. The experiences of this new generation of urban housewives are also explored and juxtaposed with the experiences of women of their mothers' generation in the rural farming economy.

Hew Cheng Sim. 2000. Holding their own: Narratives of Bidayuh women. 6th Biennial BRC Conference Proceedings (Borneo 2000 Conference).

Hew, Cheng Sim. 1999. Bidayuh women and rural-urban migration. Review of Indonesian and Malaysian Affairs, Vol. 33, No.1, Winter 1999, pp. 89-124.

Hewitt, John. 1961.The first Land Dayaks, Sarawak Museum Journal, X: 17-18, pp.112-117.

Howes, P. H. H. 1952. Sh�n Nyamba Nang: A collection of Land Dayak stories. Macmillan and Co. 99p. (principally written in Bidayuh Biatah Language).

Hudson, A. B. 1970. A note on Selako: Malayic Dayak and Land Dayak languages in western Borneo. Sarawak Museum Journal. 18:36/7 pp 301-18.

Hudson, A. B. and Ina Kalom. 1970. Selako traditional history: a story on the origins of Kampong Pueh. Sarawak Museum Journal. 18:36/7 pp 281-300.

Hudson, A. B.  and Ina Kalom. 1970. A Selako folktale: Ne' Dibo' and the Lundu Sebuyau. Sarawak Museum Journal. 19:38/9 pp 317-23.

Jegak Uli. 1991. Adoption of vegetable market gardening as cash raising activity among the Bidayuh farmers in Siburan. Sarawak Museum Journal. 42:63, p177-192
Abstract: This paper undertakes a survey of 122 households in Patung, Sekeduk, Payang and Chupak villages, Siburan district, Sarawak, Malaysia, to evaluate vegetable market gardening (VMG) among Bidayuh farmers. The objectives were to: examine the diffusion and adoption of VMG; identify the cultivation and crop management techniques adopted by the farmers; and, investigate economic aspects of VMG. It was found that the Bidayuh adopted VMG through emulating Chinese vegetable gardeners. Discontinuance of VMG was caused either by replacement, or disenchantment. Increasing VMG crop output could be achieved by helping farmers to become more efficient through agricultural extension programmes. VMG can provide a good income flow and requires little capital, however, it does have its risks due to the perishable nature of the output. Bidayuh farmers have been successful in adopting VMG because of existing linkages with markets and resources.

John, Frederick Jolis George. 1981. Kaum Bidayuh Sarawak: Mencari Identiti Politik 1960-1980, Ijazah Sarjana Muda Sejarah, Universiti Malaya, 1980/81

Judkins, Russell A. 1969. Silanting Kuning's transformation: liminality in a Land Dayak myth - an analysis of Nine Dayak nights. Sarawak Museum Journal. 17:34/5 pp 123-38.

Junting ak. Edwin Sadom. 1996. Kata panggilan dan kata ganti nama diri dalam bahasa Bidayuh Biatah, Ijazah Sarjana Muda Sastera, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

Juram, Vernon Nyana. 1976. Obstacles to modernisation from the human perspective: the case of Kampong Tebedu, First Division, Sarawak. Dailog. 6 pp16-26.

Kaboy, Tuton., Sandin, B. 1968. Dayaks of Lundu district. Sarawak Museum Journal. 16: nos. 32-33 pp 122-140.

Kassim Melot. 1995. Sejarah dan Peranan Agama Kristian Anglikan dalam Mengubah Sosio-Ekonomi Masyarakat Bidayuh, Ijazah Sarjana Muda Sastera dengan Kepujian, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 1994/95

Langgi, Arthur Atos. c1976. Tanun bidayuh.  Borneo Literature Bureau, Kuching. 38 p. ; 19 cm.

Lee Kheng Kheng. 1996. Sorga and Sebayan: Changing Concepts of Faith within the Bidayuh community, Sarawak. Honours thesis SESSION 1995/96 National University of Singapore.

Lindell, Pamela Nanci. 2000. The longhouse and the legacy of history: Religion, architecture, and change among the Bisingai of Sarawak (Malaysia). PhD Thesis. University of Nevada, Reno.
Authors's abstract: This dissertation is an anthropological study of the Bisingai, a subgroup of the Bidayuh ethnic group, of Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. The purpose of my dissertation is to examine the role of the built environment in sociocultural change among the Bisingai by (1) demonstrating how the uses and meanings of built forms changed in response to social and cultural transformations and (2) analyzing how the Bisingai now use and transform the built environment, as well as other aspects of so-called �tradition, � in the representation, maintenance and revival of their cultural identity. A chapter on Bisingai culture as it is thought to have existed prior to mass conversion to Christianity provides the cultural context in which to view later sociocultural changes and transformations in the built environment. Prior to Christian proselytization, the Bisingai lived in eight villages on the slopes of Mount Singai. Most people lived in longhouses, each of which comprised a ritual corporate group with its own communal rites and ritual leader. When Christian missionaries established themselves in Singai and began the process of conversion, which is now almost complete, the longhouse was transformed from an environment that facilitated social harmony to one that inhibited it. Christian converts began to move to the base of Mount Singai, where practitioners of the old religion eventually joined them. The two groups are now able to live amongst each other again, partly because of the secularization of their adat or customary laws, and partly because they have largely adopted detached houses, which are devoid of inherent ritual meaning and are therefore accepted by both religious groups. The longhouse, while still used for rituals of the adat religion, has primarily become a ritual building.

Liza Rojem. 1998. Tradisi Lisan Bentuk Naratif dalam Masyarakat Bidayuh: Analisis dari Aspek Motif Cerita dan Hubungan Cerita dengan Kehidupan Sosial Masyarakat Bidayuh (Kajian berdasarkan Teks Kumpulan Cerita Lisan Masyarakat Bidayuh Daerah Siburan, Izajah Sarjana Muda Sastera dengan Kepujian, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

Love and marriage. Sarawak Gazette. 1995, 122:1534, p3-50
Abstract: Several papers are presented examining the marriage customs among various ethnic groups of Sarawak (both indigenous and newcomers): Malay, Iban, Chinese, Kayan-Kenyah, Dayak, Bidayuh, Penan, Selako, Melanau, Hindu Tamil. Aspects of marriage discussed include: courting, proposing, engagement, marriage ceremonies, bride wealth and dowry, rules of residence, adultery, divorce and incest. The marriage process is set within the context of the community and the culture of the society.

Low, H. 1848. Sarawak; its inhabitants and productions: being notes during a residence in that country with H.H The Rajah Brooke. Reprinted in 1988 by Oxford University Press.

Mace, N. 1935. A list of Land Dayak words collected at Tebekang, Sarawak Museum Journal, IV: 14, pp.253.

Marrison Geoffrey (compiler) 1995. A Catalogue of the Collections of Dr. Roy Bruton on Sarawak, Malaysia and on the Sociology of Education : with an Appendix, Notes on Land Dayak Studies (Bidayuh and Selakau), with Bibliography,  Hull, U.K. : University of Hull, Centre for South-East Asian Studies..

Marryat, Frank S. 1848. A visit to the Lundu Dayaks in western Sarawak. In King, Victor, T., comp. The Best of Borneo travel. Oxford University Press, Singapore 1992.pp79-96.

Mashman, Valerie  and Nayoi Patricia (in press). Keeping Body and Soul together- Bidayuh Baskets at Kampong Gayu.  In Sellato, B.  (ed). Crafts of the Rainforest. Basketry of Borneo. Los Angeles: UCLA Fowler Museum of Cultural History.

McLellan, James. 1994. Questions of language choice for speakers of Bau-Jagoi Bidayuh: A micro-analysis. In Martin, P. W. (ed.), Shifting Patterns of Language Use in Borneo. Virginia, USA: The Borneo Research Council, 195 208.(1996).

Medway, Lord. 1958. Birds nesting among the Land Dayaks,Sarawak Museum Journal, VIII: 11, pp.465-469.

Minos, Peter. 2000. The Future of Dayak Bidayuhs in Malaysia. Lynch Media and Services, Kuching.
Abstract: A comprehensive analysis and study on the Dayak Bidayuhs, a 164,500 member indigenous group in the State of Sarawak - their hopes and inspirations, fears and concerns and their fate and future in a rapidly growing and progressive Malaysia.

Minos, Peter. 1994. The Dayak Bidayuh of Sarawak, Malaysia. Paper written for Stamford College, Kuching.

Minos, Peter. 1993. Socio-Economic Awakening Among the Bidayuhs. In Sutlive, V.1993. (ed.), Change and Development in Borneo: Selected Papers from the First Conference of the Borneo Research Council, Borneo Research Council Proceedings Series, pp.239-252.

Minos, Peter. 1989. The inter-relationship between culture and economic progress among the Bidayuh. Sarawak Museum Journal, 40:61, pt2, pp 391-395.

Moulton, J.C. 1912. A note on the origin of the Land-Dayak villages of Sentah and Quop, Sarawak Museum Journal, I: 2, pp.90-93.

Munan-Oettli, A. 1981. Bead necklace 1598 in the Sarawak Museum collection: an itemised checklist of 15 common Sarawak beads, based on a necklace in the Sarawak Museum's Bidayuh section. Sarawak Museum Journal. 29:50 pp 17-26.

Nais, William. 1988. Daya Bidayuh-English dictionary. Sarawak Literary Society. 655p

Nais, William. 1989. Overview of Bidayuh culture. Sarawak Museum Journal, 40:61, pt. 2, pp367-374.

Ngidang, Dimbab. 1987. How Bidayuh communities in Siburan sub-district respond to market gardening. Sarawak Gazette. Vol 113, No.1502, p21-29
Abstract: This paper focuses on the increase of market gardening in four Bidayuh communities in Siburan sub-district, Sarawak. It is based on interviews with 125 household heads in the four communities. The study identifies the pattern of information flow from its source of origin into the community and examines the relationship that existed between the Bidayuh farmers and the marketing middlemen. Interpersonal communication networks were highlighted with specific reference to the role of middlemen in the promotion of market gardening, and a patron-client relationship was seen to develop between middlemen and farmers. The development of market gardening among the Bidayuh communities is seen as a classic example of non-governmental sources playing an instrumental role in the dissemination of information to the farming community. The continuing success of this new economic activity is seen to be dependent on the interplay of socioeconomic and technical factors.

Niemitz, C. & Niemitz, I. 1977. Bidayuh (Land Dayaks), Borneo: Schmieden eines Ritualmessers (pendat). Schwarz-wei�-Film, 16 mm, stumm, 16 Min. Film E 2327 des IWF (G�ttingen 1977).

Niemitz, Carsten and Niemitz Inge. 1976. The forging of the ritual knife (pendat) by Land Dayaks in Sarawak, Borneo: cultural and religious background. Sarawak Museum Journal, 23:44, pp243-257.

Niemitz, C. & Niemitz, I. 1976.  Bidayuh (Borneo, Sarawak - Schmieden eines Ritualmessers "pendat". Forschungsfilm 9, 1, Seite 80 (1976).

Noeb, Leo Mario. 1992 A Bidayuh traditional 'romin'. Sarawak Gazette. 129:1520, p4-18
Abstract: The boting romin (longhouse) is traditional to the Bidayuh people of Sarawak and constitutes a strong tourist attraction. However, nowadays people are moving to simple detached houses in their gardens or paddy fields or to sites of better access to town and longhouses are falling into disuse and disrepair. The main purpose of this paper is to reconstruct in detail and with ample illustration what longhouses actually looked like. After a brief introduction, it describes how the nature of the terrain influenced the siting and configuration of the house. Next it enumerates and describes the various functional parts of the building. An account is given of house building techniques including the consultation of omen birds. Finally, rituals and celebrations surrounding the move to a longhouse are depicted. It is concluded that the reasons for living in longhouses in the past, safety, defence, solidarity, togetherness, cooperation and mutual learning, may no longer hold much force. Nevertheless, longhouses should be preserved as heritage, educational and tourist sites.

Noeb, Leo Mario. 1992 Bidayuh traditional padi planting. Sarawak Gazette. 129:1521, p54-60
Abstract: Traditionally, padi (rice) planting has been the main occupation of the Bidayuh people of Sarawak. The purpose of this paper is to record some of the customs, prohibitions, rituals and ceremonies as well as enumerate the various stages in the process of padi planting. The stages are: (1) site identification with the help of omens (traditionally dry land or hill slopes are selected); permission must be sought from the Creator (Topa) for the use of the land; (2) token clearing; (3) clearing and felling together with interpretation of associated omens and dreams; (4) clearing of paths. Illustrations are provided of the various tools associated with padi planting.

Noeb, Leo Mario. 1993 Bidayuh traditional padi planting (Biomuh-Bikinyang). Sarawak Gazette. 120:1523, p30-41
Abstract: This paper describes traditional padi (rice) planting and its associated rituals among the Bidayuh people of Sarawak. Emphasis is given to the ritual of gawia satak sopa which is intended to pacify the spirits of the cut vegetation and appease the local spirits, bless the village paths and protect the rice soul. Construction of altars and killing of sacrificial pigs and oblations are described in detail. Various dishes consumed at the ritual are enumerated and incantations and prayers presented in the vernacular and in English translation. A glossary of Bidayuh agricultural and dietary terms is presented.

Noeb, Leo Mario. 1994. Some aspects of the social customs of the Bidayuh of Sarawak. Sarawak Museum Journal, 47:68, pp127-135.

Noran Fauziah Yaakub, Ahmad Mahdzan Ayob, Tonga Noweg. 1994. Dayak Bidayuh of the Bau-Lundu region: demographic profile and their perception of educational amenities. Sarawak Museum Journal, 44:65, pp77-92.

Noran Fauziah Yaakub and Ahmad Mahdzan Ayob. 1993. Dayak-Bidayuh of the Bau-Lundu Region, Sarawak: Demographic Profile and Their Perception of the Educational Amenities, Sarawak Museum Journal, Vol. XLIV, No. 65, 1993: 77-91.

Noran Fauziah Yaakub and Ahmad Mahdzan Ayob. (in press) "Schooling and Educational Facilities as Perceived by the Bidayuh Community in Serian, Sarawak, Malaysian Journal of Education.

Noriah Mohamed dan Alice Pu Ting. 1997. Tinjauan Sosio Linguistik Kata Ganti Nama Diri Bahasa Bidayuh, Jurnal Dewan Bahasa, 41:7, pp. 592-602, Julai 1997

Nuek, Patrick Rigep. 2002. A Dayak Bidayuh Community Rituals, Ceremonies and Festivals. [self-published].
Abstract: This book is about the Bidayuh from the Singai area, detailing their way of life, myths, ceremonies, rituals and festivals.

Nyandoh, R. 1978. Bidayuh Gawai Mpijog jaran rantau festival for the first clearing of the padi fields and the padi field track held at Kampong Tapuh in July 1977. Sarawak Museum Journal, 26:47 pp 43-56.

Nyandoh, R. 1963. Seven Land Dayak stories of Sarawak and Kalimantan. Sarawak Museum Journal NS. 21/2 pp 114-31.

Nyandoh, R. 1962. "The king of stone": a Land Dayak god of Sarawak and Kalimantan Sarawak Museum Journal. 10, N.S. 19/20 pp 390-1.

Nyandoh, R. 1959. Lingagat and the magical faeces; a Land Dayak bird story, Sarawak Museum Journal, IX: 13-14, pp.49-52.

Nyandoh, R. 1958. How Land Dayaks net wild boar, Sarawak Museum Journal, VIII: 11, pp.374-382.

Nyandoh, R. 1954. Cave lore of Krokong Land Dayaks, Sarawak Museum Journal, VI: 5, pp.284-286.

Nyandoh, R. 1954. Land Dayak custom for cutting old jungle, Sarawak Museum Journal, VI: 4, pp.52-53.

Nyandoh, R. 1954. Two Land Dayak stories, Sarawak Museum Journal, VI: 4, pp.39-41.

Nyandoh, R. 1955. Land Dayak marriage, Sarawak Museum Journal, VI: 6, pp.586-587.

Nyandoh, R. 1958. Head-hunting revenge (Land Dayak), Sarawak Museum Journal, VIII: 12, pp.732-735.

Odeon ak. Kiong (Shariman Faizul Abdullah). 1986. Perkembangan industri pelancongan di Sarawak. Implikasi terhadap masyarakat Bidayuh di Daerah Penrissen, Kuching, Sarawak, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

Ngaing Pa Nyokim. 1950. Revival of an old Land Dayak custom (With notes by A.J.N. Richards), Sarawak Museum Journal, V: 2, pp.226-229.

Parnell, Amelati. 1990. Pendidikan Masyarakat Bidayuh di Sarawak: Suatu Penilaian, Ijazah Sarjana Muda Undang-Undang, Universiti Malaya, 1989/90

Patterson, Lynn D. 1984. Bidayuh (Land Dayak) labour exchange. Sarawak Museum Journal, 33:54, pp55-68.

Patterson, Lynn D. 1984. Katang: Land Dayak head ceremony. Sarawak Museum Journal, 27:48, pp25-27.

Reijffert, Fr. A., comp. 1956. Vocabulary of English and Sarawak Land Dayak (Singhi tribe). Sarawak Government Printer Kuching : [s.n.], 1956. v, 55 p.

Richards, A. J. N. 1964. Dayak adat law in the First Division : Adat Bidayuh. Government Printing Office.

Ridu, Robert Jacob. 1994. Social and cultural change: trends among the Dayaks in Sarawak. Sarawak Museum Journal, 47:68, pp137-143.

Ridu, Robert Jacob. 1989. The customs, traditions and practices of the Dayak Bidayuh and their future. Sarawak Museum Journal, 40:61, pt 2, pp377-390.

Ridu, Robert Sulis, Ritikos Jitab And Jonas Noeb. (Comp.)(2001). King Siliman and Other Bidayuh Folk Tales. Raja Siliman Pas Tingah Tanun Bidayuh Da Bukun. 138pp,   Universiti Malaysia Sarawak. Kota Samarahan.
Abstract: This is the first volume in the Dayak Studies Oral Literature Series. The purpose of this series is to make possible the recording and publication of some part of this rich and rapidly changing corpus of oral literature. It is intended not only to preserve a record of traditional examples of oral literature threatened with loss, but also to record and document changing forms of contemporary Dyak expressive culture. Each volume is introduced by its author(s)/compiler(s) with an account identifying the narrator or storyteller and describing the context in which recording was carried out. Texts are presented in both the original language in which they were narrated and in English translation.

Roberts, Gordon. 1949. Descent of the Sadong Bidayuh, Sarawak Museum Journal, V: 1, pp.89-93.

Rubis, Patau. 1989. The role of the Bidayuh culture within the Malaysian cultural milieu. Sarawak Museum Journal, 40:61, pt.2, pp373-376.

Sabang, Clement Langet. 1992. Panggah [Bidayuh religious house] Sarawak Gazette, 119:1519 pp45-50.

Saet Gadug. 1992. Kumang Katak - a Bidayuh Kumang story. Sarawak Gazette, 119:1521, pp68-69.

Saet Gadug. 1992. The legend of Betang Dewai. Sarawak Gazette, 119:1519, pp45-50.

Saet Gadug. 1992. The tale of Dungeng. Sarawak Gazette, 121:1527, pp39-40

Saet Gadug. 1991. Nyiring Manbang: a Bidayuh folklore. Sarawak Gazette, 118:1517, pp48-50.

Sagir, Stephen & Nyowep, James. 1988. Bidayuh Community Selako and Jagoi towards Development, Diploma in Public Adminintration, Institut Teknologi Mara, Shah Alam.

Schneider, William M. 1985. A Selako household festival. Sarawak Museum Journal, 34:55, pp53-66.

Schneider, William M. 1978. The Selako Dayak, in King, V 1987. (ed.), Essays in Bornean Societies, pp.59-77, Hull Monographs on Southeast Asia 7, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Schneider, William M. 1977. Longhouse and Descent Group among the Selako Dayak of Borneo, Southeast Asian Series, 32, pp.83-101.

Schneider, William M. 1975. Aspects of the architecture, sociology, and the symbolism of the Selako house. Sarawak Museum Journal, 23:44, pp207-209.

Schneider, William M. 1974. Social Organization of the Selako Dayak of Borneo, Ph.D Thesis, University of North Carolina.

Schneider, William M. 1972. A Note on Selako Social Organisation, Borneo Research Bulletin, 4: 2, pp.39-42,

Schneider, William M. and Schneider, MaryJo. 1991. Selako Male Initiation, Ethnology, XXX: 3, pp.279-291.

Schneider, William M and Schneider, MaryJo. 1988. Food and factions: the local politics of Selako agricultural development. Human Organization. 47:1, p58-64
Abstract: This article examines the interaction of Selako Dayak village factionalism with a government-sponsored agricultural development project. It first describes the Selako Dayak, an ethnic group of about 10 000 who live in western Kalimantan, Indonesia, alongside the Indonesia Malaysia border, and the government-sponsored cooperative irrigated rice cultivation project adopted in two Selako Dayak villages. The history of factionalism within the Selako Dayak villages is described, together with the system of swidden cultivation used by the villagers. After examining the introduction and functioning of the government project, it is concluded that the project has worked because its political organization was accommodated to existing factional realities in a village context where power was already effectively centralized. Careful, long-term fieldwork in advance of large-scale development projects of this kind can identify villages in which projects are likely to be successful.

Scott, N.C. 1964. Nasal consonants in Land Dayak (Bukar-Sadong). In Abercrombie et. al. (eds.), In honour of Daniel Jones. London: Longmans.

Siaw, K.K. 1988. Architecture of Land Dayak Longhouse A Case Study of Indigenous Architecture of a Native Group on Borneo Island, University of New South Wales.

Sidaway D. 1969. Influence of Christianity on Biatah-speaking Land Dayaks. Sarawak Museum Journal. 17:34/5 pp 139-52.

Sikim Gandek. 1992. Bidayuh in Sarawak Politics: A Case Study in Kampung Sapit, Padawan, Kuching, Sarawak, B.A Thesis, Department of Anthropology & Sociology, University of Malaya, 1991/92.

Simigaat, H. & Mijad, T.K. 1986 Dundun Pimanug Daya Bidayuh Siburan, Borneo Literature Bureau. Kuching 30 p.

Simigaat. 1911. Some restrictions observed at childbirth by the Land Dayaks of Quop, Sarawak Museum Journal, I: 1, pp.152-153.

Sinos ak Sabo, Lawrence. 1989. How the Bidayuh culture could be promoted. Sarawak Museum Journal, 40:61, pp415-419.

Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. 1949. Kitab sambahyang : Darum Piminyu Daya Biatah. London  xv, 531 p. ; 17 cm.

St. John, Spencer. 1974. Life in the Forest of the Far East, Vol. 1. Oxford University Press, Kuala Lumpur.

Staal, J. 1940. Folklore of the Sadong Dayaks, JMBRAS, 18:2, pp.55-61.

Sunny ak. Pinye. 1997. Berih: Puisi rakyat kaum Bidayuh kes di Kampung Bunula, Ijazah Sarjana Muda Sastera, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 1996/97.

Susan Juhin. 1999. Fenomenon Bahasa Antara Dalam Bahasa Melayu Lisan Kanak-kanak Bangsa Bidayuh Daerah Bau, Sarawak, Jurnal Dewan Bahasa, 43:5, pp. 455-463, Mei 1999.

Tillotson, D. M. 1994. Who Invented the Dayaks? Historical case studies in art, material culture and the ethnic identity from Borneo. Ph.D Thesis, Australian National University

Topping, D. M. 1970. A Dialect Survey of the Land Dayaks of Sarawak. University of Hawaii.

Wadsworth, GR. 1981 Weights and blood pressures of women who attend family planning clinics in Sarawak. Medical Journal of Malaysia. 36:3, pp148-150
Abstract: A total of 2466 blood pressure and bodyweight records of women attending family planning clinics in Sarawak, were analysed. The women were of mean bodyweight 47.3 kg and age 15 to 46, mean 28.5 years. There was a slight variation in average bodyweight between races, the Chinese at 51.8 kg being heavier than the Iban, Bidayuh or Malays at 46.6, 45.7 and 49.1 kg. The mean blood pressure of 500 women of mean age 28.3 years was systolic 90 to 150, mean 112.1 mm, and diastolic 60 to 90, mean 72.4 mm. It was lower than for western women, but that was associated with the tropical climate.

Walker, J. H. 1995. Power and Conflict in Sarawak, 1935-1868. PhD thesis, University of New South Wales,

Walker, J. H. 1998. James Brooke and the Bidayuh: some ritual dimensions of dependency and the resistance in the nineteen-century Sarawak. Modern Asian Studies 32, pt 1, pp91-115.

Wallace, Alfred Russell. 1869. A journey among the Land Dayaks (Bidayuhs) of Sarawak. In: King, Victor T., comp., The Best of Borneo Travel. Oxford University Press, Singapore. 1992. pp129-150.

Wilson Baya Dandot. 1999. Bidayuh Culture and the New Reality: The Contextual and Conceptual Framework.  SDI Journal Vol. 2 No.2 December 1999.

Windle, J, and Cramb, RA . 1995. Women and rural development in the interior areas of Sarawak: some early impressions from fieldwork. Agricultural Economics Discussion Paper No. 1/95- Department of Agriculture, University of Queensland. St. Lucia, Australia 19 pp.
Abstract: The result of field work in Sarawak, Malaysia, the study assess the social and economic effects of rural feeder roads in Sarawak. Data are presented from three study areas (Layar area of Sri Aman Division, and two sites in Kuching Division, Padawan and Bau). Group discussions were held in all three study sites and in the two Bidayuh areas groups were restricted to women participants only. Different sections examine: women's productive role focusing on agriculture and health; women's role in community development, focusing on education, employment, effects of road access in rural areas and migration; and a discussion of the roles of grandmothers, mothers and daughters within traditional society.

Windle, J. 1997.  Remoteness, Roads and Development in Upland Areas of Sarawak, Malaysia. PhD Thesis. University of Queensland.

Windle, J. 1996. 'Women in Agriculture: A Look at Bidayuh Farmers in Sarawak, Malaysia. Women in Asia, March:5-9

Windle, J. and R.A. Cramb. 1999. Roads, Remoteness and Rural Development: Social Impacts of Rural Roads on Upland Farmers in Sarawak, Malaysia, in V.T. King (ed), Rural Development and Social Science Research: Case Studies from Borneo, BRC Conference Proceedings 1996, Borneo Research Council: Phillips, USA

Windle, J. and R. A Cramb. 1997. Remoteness Roads and rural Development: Economic Impacts of Rural Roads on Upland Farmers in Sarawak, Malaysia. Asia Pacific Viewpoint. 38 (1):37-53.

Windle, J. and R.A. Cramb. 1995. Women and Rural Development in the Interior Areas of Sarawak: Some Early Impressions from Fieldwork, Agricultural Economics Discussion Paper 1/95, University of Queensland: St Lucia

Winzeler, Robert L. 1993. The Bidayuh of Sarawak: A Historical Overview with special reference to Settlement Patterns, in Sutlive, V. 1993. (ed.), Change and Development in Borneo: Selected Papers from the First Conference of the Borneo Research Council, Borneo Research Council Proceedings Series, pp.223-238.

Winzeler, Robert L. 1997. Modern Bidayuh ethnicity and the politics of culture in Sarawak. In: Winzeler, Robert L., ed. Indigenous peoples and the state: politics, land, and ethnicity in the Malayan peninsula and Borneo. Southeast Asia Studies, Yale University. Monograph 46. pp210-227.

Winzeler, Robert L.  1990. A visit to Kampung Gumbang and some thoughts on the culture history of Dayak Bidayuh Jagoi. Borneo Research Bulletin. 22 pp 33-7.

Winzeler, Robert L.  1999. Notes on two engraved half-skulls in Kampung Gogo, Bau [in thematic issue 'Culture in the new reality']. Sarawak Museum Journal (New Series). 54:75 pp 201-9.

Yohannan, J. 1994. Demography of Sarawak: an analysis of the sex-ratio in the various ethnic groups. Sarawak Gazette. 121:1527, p22-26
Abstract: This paper examines the sex composition of the various ethnic groups in Sarawak and in particular highlights the preponderance of females among the Iban. It defines basic demographic terms and examines the male preponderance at birth and higher male infant mortality. A brief section compares sex ratios in Sarawak and Sabah and peninsular Malaysia. The sex ratios and vital statistics of the various ethnic groups (Malay, Iban, Chinese, Bidayuh, Melanau, others) are compared. It attempts to explain the female preponderance in the Iban community, but concludes that with modernization there is a convergence of the demographic characteristics for all ethnic groups.

Young, Robert A. 1958. Land Dayaks at sunset, Book review: Nine Dayak nights by Geddes, W.R, Sarawak Museum Journal, VIII: 11, pp.429-431.

Zainal AA, Zain RB, Abang A, Ikeda N, Razak IA, Aung S, Abdullah F. 1996. Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions among Ibans and Bidayuh. The Third International Conference on Curative Dentistry. 1st.-2nd. Dec 1996, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Zasran Abdullah. 1996. Bahasa Biatah dan Bahasa Melayu: Perbandingan Tatabunyi Tertentu, Jurnal Dewan Bahasa, 40:6, pp. 547-552, Jun 1996

 

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