¤T.

1. /usr/bin/reboot
   
   

[root@mgcc fat]# ldd /usr/bin/reboot

libgtk-1.2.so.0 => /usr/lib/libgtk-1.2.so.0 (0x4001c000)

libgdk-1.2.so.0 => /usr/lib/libgdk-1.2.so.0 (0x4013c000)

libgmodule-1.2.so.0 => /usr/lib/libgmodule-1.2.so.0 (0x40170000)

libglib-1.2.so.0 => /usr/lib/libglib-1.2.so.0 (0x40173000)

libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x40197000)

libXext.so.6 => /usr/X11R6/lib/libXext.so.6 (0x4019b000)

libX11.so.6 => /usr/X11R6/lib/libX11.so.6 (0x401a7000)

libm.so.6 => /lib/libm.so.6 (0x4024b000)

libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x40268000)

libXi.so.6 => /usr/X11R6/lib/libXi.so.6 (0x4035d000)

/lib/ld-linux.so.2 => /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x40000000)

3. °±¤î¨t²Î¹B§@¥B­«·s¶}¾÷
   
   
4. °Ñ¼Æ¡G

-n:¦bÃö¾÷¤§«e¤£±Nbufferªº¸ê®Æ¼g¨ìfilesystem

-w:¼g¤Jwtmp file¦ý¤£Ãö¾÷

-d:¼g¤Jwtmp file¥BÃö¾÷¡]¦P-n)

-f:±j­¢­«¶}¾÷

-i:­«·s¶}¾÷¤§«e¥ý¼È°±©Ò¦³ºô¸ô¤¶­±

5. ½d¨Ò¡G

1.¤@¯ëªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌÁä¤Jreboot«ü¥Oªº®É­Ô¨t²Î·|­n¨D¿é¤Jrootªº±K½X

bash$ whoami

fat

bash$ reboot

Password:

2.¦pªG¬Orootª½±µ¿é¤Jreboot´N¥i¥H­«·sÃö¾÷¤F¡]¤£»Ý­n¥[¤W¥ô¦ó°Ñ¼Æ¡^

bash$ su root

Password:

[root@mgcc fat]# reboot

6. ¨Ï¥Î®É¾÷:

³q±`¦w¸Ë©ÎªÌ­×§ïµ{¦¡¥u»Ý­n¬å±¼process¤§«á­«¶]´N¥i¥H¥¿±`°õ¦æ,¦ý¦pªG¬O¨à¸Ë·sªºkernal®É©ÎªÌ¨ä¥L¯S®í­n¨D®É¤~»Ý­n­«·s¶}¾÷

¤@.

1. µ{¦¡¸ô®|¡G/usr/bin/md5sum
2. ©Ò»Ý¤§shared library¡G [root@mgcc fat]# ldd /usr/bin/md5sum libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x4001c000) /lib/ld-linux.so.2 => /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x40000000)
3. ¥Î³~¡G­pºâ¥H¤ÎÀˬdÀɮתºMD5Âø´ê¨ç¼Æ­È¡C³q±`¤U¸üISOÀɮɡA´£¨ÑISOªÌ³£·|´£¨Ñ¸ÓISOÀɮתºMD5Âø´ê¨ç¼Æ­ÈÅý¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¤U¸ü«á§Q¥Î¥»µ{¦¡§@ÀÉ®×Àˬd¬O§_¤U¸ü¦³¿ù»~¡C ¦p linux.cis.nctu.edu.tw/cd-iso/RedHat©³¤U ncftp /LINK/cd-iso/RedHat > ls

edc2d5e1ab6093e3d486cc38dc12511a seawolf-i386-SRPMS.iso 59f3333435378fb1645700731c91bc54 seawolf-i386-powertools.iso 9b57085d306b6c734f09a1b38186cded seawolf-docs-en.iso ªÅ®æ«á­±¬OÀɮצWºÙ¡A¦ÓªÅ®æ«e­±´N¬O¥LªºMD5­È¤F

4. °Ñ¼Æ -b or --binary : ¶}±Ò¾\ŪÀÉ®×¥H¤G¶i¦ì¼Ò¦¡Åª¶i -c or --check : Àˬd«ü©wÀɮפ¤ªºMD5­È¬O§_¥¿½T -t or --text : ¶}±Ò¾\ŪÀÉ®×¥H¤å¦r¼Ò¦¡Åª¶i --status : -w or --warm : ¦bÅçÃÒMD5­È®É·|¹ï©ó®æ¦¡¤£¥¿½Tªº¦æµo¥Xĵ°T --help : Åã¥Ü¨D§Uµe­± --version : Åã¥Ü md5sumµ{¦¡¤§ª©¥»¸ê°T

ª`·N¡G-b ¥H¤Î -t ¨â°Ñ¼Æ¥u¦b¤G¶i¦ìÀÉ¥H¤Î¤å¦rÀɦ³¤À§Oªº§@·~¨t²Î¤¤¤~¦³§@¥Î¡F¦bUnix¨â³o¨âºØ¼Ò¦¡¤£¤Àªº¨t²Î¤¤¡A¬O¨ S¦³®Ä¥Îªº°Ñ¼Æ¡C

5. ¨Ï¥Î½d¨Ò¡G 1.°ò¥»¥Îªk :# md5sum [filename] [root@mgcc hwtest]# md5sum ntp-4.1.0.tar.gz 5832eeeaa15f3bb66fff7d96da745f90 ntp-4.1.0.tar.gz

2.¤@¯ëISO´£¨ÑªÌ§@ªk : # md5sum [filename] >> [check_file] [root@mgcc hwtest]# md5sum mod_perl-1.25.tar.gz >file [root@mgcc hwtest]# cat file
c6a29600f54c62cb9b8a96eaf2be023a mod_perl-1.25.tar.gz [root@mgcc hwtest]# md5sum ntp-4.1.0.tar.gz >>file [root@mgcc hwtest]# cat file
c6a29600f54c62cb9b8a96eaf2be023a mod_perl-1.25.tar.gz 5832eeeaa15f3bb66fff7d96da745f90 ntp-4.1.0.tar.gz

3.Àˬd¤èªk: # md5sum -c [check_file] ¡] ­­¨î¡G»Ý±N­nÀˬdªºÀÉ®×¥H¤Î§t¦³MD5­ÈªºÀɮשñ¦b¦P¤@­Ó¥Ø¿ý©³¤U¡^ ¥¿½T±¡ªp¡G
[root@mgcc hwtest]# md5sum -c file
mod_perl-1.25.tar.gz: OK
ntp-4.1.0.tar.gz: OK
¿ù»~±¡ªp¡G
[root@mgcc hwtest]# md5sum -c file
mod_perl-1.25.tar.gz: OK
ntp-4.1.0.tar.gz: FAILED
md5sum: WARNING: 1 of 2 computed checksums did NOT match

4.-w¥Îªk ·í§t¦³MD5­ÈªºÀɮ׮榡¤£¥¿½T®É·|´£¥Xĵ§i [root@mgcc hwtest]# cat file
c6a29600f54c62cb9b8a96eaf2be023a mod_perl-1.25.tar.gz 5832eeeaa15f3bb66fff7d96da745f90
ntp-4.1.0.tar.gz
[root@mgcc hwtest]# md5sum -cw file
mod_perl-1.25.tar.gz: OK

md5sum: file: 2: improperly formatted MD5 checksum line
md5sum: file: 3: improperly formatted MD5 checksum line
[root@mgcc hwtest]# md5sum -c file

mod_perl-1.25.tar.gz: OK

6. ¸ê®Æ¨Ó·½: man md5sum, info md5sum

¤G.

1. /usr/bin/crontab
2. [root@mgcc fat]# ldd /usr/bin/crontab libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x4001c000) /lib/ld-linux.so.2 => /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x40000000)
3. crontab - maintain crontab files for individual users (V3)
4. °Ñ¼Æ: -u:«ü©w½s¿è¬Y¦ì¨Ï¥ÎªÌªºcrontab file -l:¦bstandard output¤WÅã¥Ücrontab file -r:²¾°£²{¦³ªºcrontab file -e:½s¿è²{¦³ªºcrontab file

1. -l:¦bstandard output¤WÅã¥Ücrontab file [bbs@mgcc fat]$ crontab -l

• DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE - edit the master and reinstall.
• (/tmp/crontab.24624 installed on Sun Jul 29 16:19:09 2001)
• (Cron version -- $Id: reboot.txt,v 1.1.1.1 2003/03/17 07:10:59 helpadm Exp $) SHELL=/bin/sh ###### ¦Û °Ê ¬å «H ###### 0 1 * * * /home/bbs/bin/expire /home/bbs 9999 9999 5000 >/home/bbs/log/delmsg.lst

2. -e:½s¿è²{¦³ªºcrontab file [bbs@mgcc fat]$ crontab -e ·|¶i¤J¹w³]ªº½s¿è¾¹½s¿ècrontab file
3. -u:«ü©w½s¿è¬Y¦ì¨Ï¥ÎªÌªºcrontab file [root@mgcc fat]$ crontab -u bbs -l [bbs@mgcc fat]$ crontab -l

• DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE - edit the master and reinstall.
• (/tmp/crontab.24624 installed on Sun Jul 29 16:19:09 2001)
• (Cron version -- $Id: reboot.txt,v 1.1.1.1 2003/03/17 07:10:59 helpadm Exp $) SHELL=/bin/sh ###### ¦Û °Ê ¬å «H ###### 0 1 * * * /home/bbs/bin/expire /home/bbs 9999 9999 5000 >/home/bbs/log/delmsg.lst 4.-u¨Ï¥Îªº®É¾÷ ¥Ñ©ó¦³¨Çª©¥»ªºsu³o¤§µ{¦¡³]­p¤£¦P¡A¦pªG´¿¸g°õ¦æ¹Lsu µ{¦¡ªº®É­Ô,³Ì¦n¦b½s¿ècrontab file®É«ü©w¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¡A§_«h¦³®É­Ô·|²V²c

6. crontab ¦p¦ó½s¿è ®æ¦¡¡G 0,30 8,9,10,11 * * * /bin/ls ^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^ ^ ^ ^ ^^^^^^^ minute hour monthday month weekday command ¤ÀÄÁ¡G0-59 ¤p®É¡G0-23 ¤ë¥÷¤é´Á¡G1-31 ¤ë¥÷¡G1-12¡A©ÎªÌª½±µ¥Î¦W¦r ¤@¶gªº²Ä´X¤Ñ¡G0-7¡]0©M7³£ªí¥Ü¬P´Á¤é¡^ ·í¨C¤@­ÓÄæ¦ì¦³§Û¹L¤@­Ó¥H¤Wªº­È¥Î","¤À¶}¦Ó¤»­ÓÄæ¦ì¥ÎªÅ¥ÕÁä¤À¶} ¯S®íªí¥Üªk¡G8-11»P 8,9,10,11¬Û¦P 0-23/2 »P0,2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22¬Û¦P

¤T.

1. /usr/bin/reboot
2. [root@mgcc fat]# ldd /usr/bin/reboot libgtk-1.2.so.0 => /usr/lib/libgtk-1.2.so.0 (0x4001c000) libgdk-1.2.so.0 => /usr/lib/libgdk-1.2.so.0 (0x4013c000) libgmodule-1.2.so.0 => /usr/lib/libgmodule-1.2.so.0 (0x40170000) libglib-1.2.so.0 => /usr/lib/libglib-1.2.so.0 (0x40173000) libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x40197000) libXext.so.6 => /usr/X11R6/lib/libXext.so.6 (0x4019b000) libX11.so.6 => /usr/X11R6/lib/libX11.so.6 (0x401a7000) libm.so.6 => /lib/libm.so.6 (0x4024b000) libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x40268000) libXi.so.6 => /usr/X11R6/lib/libXi.so.6 (0x4035d000) /lib/ld-linux.so.2 => /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x40000000)
3. °±¤î¨t²Î¹B§@¥B­«·s¶}¾÷
4. °Ñ¼Æ¡G -n:¦bÃö¾÷¤§«e¤£±Nbufferªº¸ê®Æ¼g¨ìfilesystem -w:¼g¤Jwtmp file¦ý¤£Ãö¾÷ -d:¼g¤Jwtmp file¥BÃö¾÷¡]¦P-n) -f:±j­¢­«¶}¾÷ -i:­«·s¶}¾÷¤§«e¥ý¼È°±©Ò¦³ºô¸ô¤¶­±
5. ½d¨Ò¡G 1.¤@¯ëªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌÁä¤Jreboot«ü¥Oªº®É­Ô¨t²Î·|­n¨D¿é¤Jrootªº±K½X bash$ whoami fat bash$ reboot Password: 2.¦pªG¬Orootª½±µ¿é¤Jreboot´N¥i¥H­«·sÃö¾÷¤F¡]¤£»Ý­n¥[¤W¥ô¦ó°Ñ¼Æ¡^ bash$ su root Password: [root@mgcc fat]# reboot
6. ¨Ï¥Î®É¾÷: ³q±`¦w¸Ë©ÎªÌ­×§ïµ{¦¡¥u»Ý­n¬å±¼process¤§«á­«¶]´N¥i¥H¥¿±`°õ¦æ, ¦ý¦pªG¬O¨à¸Ë·sªºkernal®É©ÎªÌ¨ä¥L¯S®í­n¨D®É¤~»Ý­n­«·s¶}¾÷