Covalent Bond

A covalent bond consists of a pair of electrons shared between two atoms, occupying two stable orbitals, one for each atom.

As the two atoms approach each other, a proton of one atom attracts an electron of the other, and vice versa, until the atoms are joined. As the two atoms draw near each other, their attractive force pull them together. In some molecules, the repulsion of the atom's electrons began to repel each other at a certain distance. At this point, the proton of one atom has drawn the electron of the other atom as close as possible before the repulsion forces act. A covalent bond is formed when the attraction of the nuclei and the electrons is greater than the nuclei and between the electrons of the two atoms.