RU Type stem + "ru" stem ends in "i" or "e" U type stem + buffer consonant + "u" buffer consonants are "s" "k" "g" "t" "r" "n" "m" "b" or nothing Irregular "suru" and "kuru" Semi-Irregular "iku" "aru" and honorific verbs ending in "-aru" Non-past Past Affirm hana-s-u hana-s-ita Negative hana-s-anai Polite hana-s-imasu P.Neg hana-s-imasen TE form hana-s-ite
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