Chair, Economics Dept, Assumption College; 1984-87

Professor, UP School of Economics; 1977-87

Professor, Mary Knoll College

Professor, St. Scholastica’s College

Assistant Secretary, Department of Trade and Industry; 1987-89

Executive Director, Garments and Textile Export Board; 1988-90

Undersecretary, Department of Trade and Industry; 1989-92

Senator, 1992-1998

Secretary, Department of Social Welfare and Development, July 1998-October 2000

Vice President, July 1998-January 20, 2001

President, January 20, 2001-present
Other positions held:

Chairman and President, UP Health Maintenance Organization (1989-1998)

Executive Director, Philippine Center for Economic Development (1994-1998)

Chairman, UP Economic Foundation (1994-1998)

Member, Presidential Task Force on Tax and Tariff Reforms (1994-1998)

Member, Technical Working Group of the Philippine National Development Plan for the 21st Century (Committee on National Framework for Regional Development and Macroeconomics Framework for Development Financing)
IV. MEMBERSHIP IN ORGANIZATIONS (Past & Present):

Association for Philippines-China Understanding (APCU)

Philippine Economics Society

Georgetown Club of the Philippines

Concerned Women of the Philippines
V. Elective Positions Held in Specific Years:

Senator, 1992-1998

Vice President, July 1998-January 20, 2001
VI. Awards / Commendations / Citations:

Magazine, Public Eye Magazine, Trade Union Congress of the Philippines, and by Emil Jurado (Manila Standard Columnist)

Woman of the Year, Catholic Education Association of the Philippines

Ulirang Ina, Ulirang Ina Awards Committee, 13 May 2001

One of Asia’s Most Powerful Women, Asiaweek

Making a Difference for Women – Women of Distinction Award, Soroptimist International of the Philippines Region, 30 May 2003

Most Distinguished Alumna, University of the Philippines Alumni Association (UPAA), 16 June 2001
VII. Others:

Doctor of Laws degree, honoris causa, Waseda University, Japan, May 2002

Honorary Degree of Doctor of Laws, Fordham University, 21 May 2003

Honorary Community College Associate Degree in International Relations, Honoris Causa, City College of San Francisco, August 2003

Doctorate Degree in Economics, honoris causa, Tsinghua University, 30 October 2001

Degree of Doctor of Humanities (honoris causa), Mapua Institute of Technology, 29 January 2004

Doctor of Laws (honoris causa), La Trobe University, 2000

Honorary Degree of Doctor of Law, honoris causa, Old Dominion University, April 2003

Recipient of the Rockefeller Foundation Scholarship (1978-1983)

Recipient of the Japan Foundation Grant (1976-1977)

Recipient of the UPSE Fellowship (1970-1971)