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THE CREED OF ISLAM
To become a
Muslim, one needs only to repeat with sincerity this simple creed:
La ilaha
il’ Allah,
Muhammadan
Rasoulu Allah
Translated, this means,
"There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is the messenger of Allah."
This is the Shahada (witness) and expresses the very heart of the Islamic creed.
Following this, the
true Muslim must accept five main articles of Iman (faith):
1.
Belief in Allah as the one true God.
2.
Belief in angels as the instruments of God’s will.
3.
Belief in the four inspired books: Torah, Zabur, Injil, and Quran, of
which the Quran is the final and
most complete.
4.
Belief in the twenty-eight prophets of Allah, of whom Muhammad is the last.
5.
Belief in a final day of judgment.
Allah
(God)
The first and
most important doctrine in the creed of Islam is the doctrine of Allah.
Muhammad knew from childhood the native pre-Islamic belief in Alilah, meaning
"the god," a vague high God who created the world and became Allah or
God. He also knew of the Najran tribe, which was almost totally Christian
and had considerable influence in northern Arabia. We should never forget
that Muhammad’s father’s name, Abd-Allah, means "the slave of
God." In other words, Muhammad was definitely aware of a belief in
the one God among his people.
The essence or
being of Allah includes his existence, eternity, unsubstantiality,
unembodiedness, essentiality, omnipresence, formlessness, and uniqueness.
His attributes include life, power, knowledge, will, sensibility, and speech.
Creation, preservations, revelation, and predestination constitute the works of
Allah.
By Islamic
tradition, there are ninety-nine most beautiful names of Allah. The titles
and the frequency of usage include: The Omniscient (158), The One (21),
The Mighty (44), The Unique (89), The Forgiving (96), and The Wise (95).
Infrequently used titles include The Slayer, The Provider, and The Avenger.
Every devout Muslim begins his conversation with "In the name of God, the
Merciful, the Compassionate."
The Quran focuses
on the absolute unity and uniqueness of God. Islam maintains and
uncompromising monotheism. The only unpardonable sin is Shirk, or the
associating or joining of other gods to the one God. While the Bible and
Christianity are also both uncompromisingly monotheistic, Islamic monotheism
denies the biblical doctrine of the trinity, misassociating it with tritheism.
Angels
A belief in angels
is essential to the acceptance of the manner in which Allah revealed himself
both to Muhammad and to various other prophets before him. This belief
includes all kinds of creatures inhabiting the invisible world.
Muslims believe in
four archangels: Gabriel (the angel of revelation), Michael (the angel of
providence), Israfil (the angel of doom), and Izra’il (the angel of death).
Ministering angels include recording angels, throne-bearers, and questioners of
the dead. A third category is the fallen angels, the chief of which is
Iblis, or Shaytan. A fourth group includes Jinn, a group of spirits midway
between men and angels, some good and some bad.
The
Holy Books
Islam recognizes
that four sets of scriptures contain revelations of Allah’s will. These
are the Torah of Moses, the Psalms of David, the Injil (Gospel) of Jesus, and
the Quran, which represents the final and complete revelation, superceding all
previous revelations and conflicting claims to truth. (Although Muslims
talk about the Torah, Psalms, and Gospel, they do not mean by those terms the
same Old and New Testaments that Christians have in their Bibles. They
believe that the original Torah, Psalms, and Gospel have been corrupted and
lost. What Christians have in the Old and New Testaments are not God’s
Word or revelation.)
Prophets
Islam claims to be
open to revelation from Allah whenever and wherever it occurs. This is
true at least in theory. Muslims believe their religion is simply
"the religion of God." God speaks and acts in history to reveal
Himself through prophets.
Twenty-eight
prophets are particularly recognized in the Quran. These include Adam,
Noah, Abraham, Moses, Isaac, Jacob, Ishmael, Joseph, David, Solomon, Elijah,
Elisha, and Jonah from Old Testament times. There are others from New
Testament times: Zachariah, John the Baptist, and Jesus. The five
prophetic predecessors to Muhammad specially mentioned are Adam, Noah, Abraham,
Moses, and Jesus. The Quran affirms the Virgin Birth of Jesus (although
not His eternal pre-existence), but teaches that the Crucifixion and
Resurrection did not happen as the Bible says. The Quran includes some of
the miracles and moral teachings of Jesus but does not mention His lordship or
His divinity.
Muhammad is
considered the last and the greatest of the prophets. He is the Seal of
the Prophets, after whom no more will come. Muslims believe that he was
"prepared for and attested to by all the preceding prophets."
The Muslims consider Islam as, not the youngest, but the oldest monotheistic
religion in the world.
Resurrection
and the Hour of Judgment
Readers of the
Quran soon find that Allah is portrayed as stern and harsh rather than
compassionate. Allah’s harshness is intensified in the Quranic
description of Judgment Day and its consequences. Muhammad’s original
message warned people of the terrible divine judgment that was to come.
About 852 verses of the Quran emphasize this fearful theme.
Judgment Day will
be preceded by signs, then announced by a trumpet blast (see 1 Thessalonians
4:16-17). The dead will arise bodily from their graves and join the
living, then all will be examined one by one and assigned to Paradise or hell.
No one can escape this judgment. vivid pictures are given of the balance
scales which will be used to weigh the good and evil deeds of each soul, even to
the weight of a mustard seed. Pious believers in Allah can expect abundant
sensual pleasures in Paradise. There will be perpetual luxury, physical
comfort, food, clear water, mansions, servants, lovely maidens, and virgins.
The wicked will suffer and swelter in the hot blasts, foul smoke, and molten
metal of hell.
Predestination
The sixth belief,
predestination, is not mandatory, but it is still accepted by many Muslims.
"If Allah wills it" is the comment of the devout Muslim.
Predestination is the belief that all events are determined by Allah. The
function of humans is to submit to that divine determination with obedient
thankfulness. However, the predestined must still face Allah’s justice.
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