The Tuba
The Tuba comes from a long tradition of Trumpet - like instruments used in ancient China. Only a few notes could be played on these instruments made of animal horns and hollowed branches. By Roman Times, brass instruments were common at military and civilian events.
The first direct ancestor of the tuba was the serpent. a large wooden tube covered with black leather. Invented in the late 1500's, this low, mellow sounding instrument was shaped like a snake. It had six finger holes which the player could cover and uncover to play different notes. Following the invention of the valves, the tuba was developed to complete the choir of brass instruments in military bands. Manufacturers made tubas in many different shapes and sizes. One of the most successful, was an over the shoulder model, used in the United States during the Civil War. Near the end of the 19th century, the Sousaphone, was developed, and named in the honor of John Phillip Sousa. This circular instrument with a forward facing bell, could be carried on the shoulder, making it especially popular in the use of marching bands.
Today Tubas are played in concert marching bands, orchestras, and brass ensembles. Tubas are typically made of brass or other metals, usually silver plated, or lacquered .Instead of metal, some Sousaphones are also made of fiberglass or plastic.