CHAPTER 13: ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

OBJECTIVES:

1. Compare and contrst the endocrine system and the nervous system.

2. Distinguish between an endocrine gland and an exocrine gland.

3. Define the term hormone and explain its general characteristics.

4. Distinguish between a steroidal and non-steroidal hormone, in terms of composition and action.

5. Locate the following endocrine glands (organs) on a diagram: hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal gland, thyroid, parathyroids, thymus, adrenals, pancreas, ovaries, and testes.

6. For each of the glands listed in #5 & #6 above, name the hormone(s) they secrete, identify the target organ of each hormone, and the effect of each hormone.

7. Describe the pituitary gland as the “MASTER GLAND”.

8. Define the term gonadotropin, name the two gonadotropins secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, and distinguish between them according to their actions.

9. Name the gland that requires iodine to produce most of its hormones.

10. Describe how calcium levels are maintained in the blood.

11. Name the two hormones that work together to regulate water and electrolyte levels in the blood and therefore regulate blood pressure.

12. Describe how glucose levels are maintained in the blood.

13. Explain why the thymus gland decreases in size as we age.

14. Name the gland (hormone) whose production is stimulated by sunlight.

15. Define the term gonad, list the primary gonads in both sexes, and name the hormones that target those gonads.

16. Explain what is meant by "secondary sexual characteristics", name the hormone that causes their development in both sexes, and list target organs.

17. Name the hormones secreted by the ovary, distinguish which particular portion of the ovary secretes each, and name target organs and actions of those hormones.

18. Distinguish between dwarfism, giantism, and acromegaly.

19. Compare and contrast cretinism, myxedema, Grave's Disease, and goiter.

20. Distinguish between Addison's Disease and Cushing's Syndrome.

21. Compare and contrast the two types of the disease Diabetes Mellitus.

22. Describe seasonal affective disorder (SAD) in terms cause, symptoms, and

treatment.