CHAPTER 20: URINARY SYSTEM

OBJECTIVES:

1. Name the major functions of the urinary system.

2. Name, locate (on a diagram) and list the functions of the organs that compose the system.

3. Explain what the term renal refers to.

4. Define the term retroperitoneal.

5. Using a cross-section diagram of a kidney, locate the renal capsule, renal cortex, renal

medulla, renal pyramids, minor calyces, major calyces, renal sinus, renal pelvis, and

ureter.

6. Discuss the nephron as the functional unit of the kidney.

7. Trace the pathway of blood through the major vessels within a kidney.

8. Explain what is meant by, the components of, and the significance of the

juxtaglomerular apparatus.

9. List the three major steps involved in urine formation, name the portion of the nephron

where each occurs, and discuss each process fully.

10 Explain how the glomerulus filtrate is produced, describe its composition.

11 Explain how various factors affect GFR and how this rate is regulated.

12. Explain the process by which most reabsorption occurs in the PCT, and list the

substances that are reabsorbed here.

13. Explain the significance of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)

13. Define tubular secretion and explainits role in urine formation.

14. Explain the structure, location, and function of the ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra

15. Discuss micturition.

16. Discuss the differences between male and female urethras.

17. Trace a drop of urine from its initial collection point as the "glomerular filtrate".

18. Describe hemodialysis.

19. Be familiar with disorders of the urinary system.