Lecture 2 The Integumentary System

(4) Types of membranes:

1. serous –

2. mucous –

3. cutaneous –

4. synovial –

The Skin and Its Tissues

Skin:

· Largest organ of the body (WHY AN ORGAN?)

Functions of the Skin

Skin Consists of (2) Tissue Layers

1. epidermis –

2. dermis –

The two layers are separated by a ____________________________

Beneath the dermis the skin is bound to the underlying organs by the _____________________

Subcutaneous injections –

Intradermal injections –

Intramuscular –

Hypodermic –

Epidermis

· .

Stratum corneum

· .

Calluses and corns:

Dermis-

· .

Divided into (2) layers:

1. papillary layer –.

2. reticular layer –

· .

bed sores (decubitus ulcers) -

Subcutaneous Layer:

Accessory Organs of the Skin

1. Hair Follicles-

2. Sebaceous Glands –

3. Nails –

4. Sudoriferous glands –

5. Skin receptors:

a. Mechanoreceptors –

b. Thermoreceptors –

c. Pain receptors –

Skin and Thermoregulation

Heat is a byproduct of cellular metabolism, excessive heat production triggers structures in the skin to promote heat loss:

When the body loses too much heat:

Skin Color

Melanocytes –

Exposure to sun – increases melanin production

Oxygen rich blood –

Low oxygen –

Cyanosis -

Blushing, anger –

Fear –

Erythema –

Pallor, blanching –

Jaundice –

Hematomas (bruises) –

Excessive Sun Exposure

Burns