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Doctrina liberală (The Libertarian Doctrine)
Revoluţia conceptuală şi centrul
transcendent (The Conceptual Revolution and the Transcendent Centre)
Editura SEMNE, Bucureşti, 2000 —ISBN 973-654-035-9
English
language below the Romanian text.
Read the word of Professor Lucian Iordănescu on
launching the book
Tudor Georgescu ( TGeorgescu@hotmail.com ) este licenţiat în filosofie al Universităţii Bucureşti.
Îprima sa carte el abordează liberalismul prin prisma valorilor democratice,
iar în cea de-a doua, prefaţată de Dan A. Lăzărescu, critică democraţia prin
prisma valorilor liberale.
inginerie morală
inginerie
socială majoritate
morală
(Stânga)
(Dreapta)
Să privim
figura de mai sus: S.U.A., “pământul libertăţii”, au devenit adăpostul
democraţie a lumii. Facem observaţia că centrul imanent este variabil, spre
deosebire de scopul manipulării LAMBDA. Concluzia? Avem de-a face cu o morală
cu geometrie variabilă, instrument al puterii.
"An outstanding synthesis of several recent
foreign studies"
Dan A. Lăzărescu
Ad-Vitam Sovereign Grand Commander of the 33rd and Last Degree
Supreme Council for Romania
Tudor
Georgescu
The Notional Revolution
(conception of the year 1993)
—excerpts—
1. The Agrarian and Industrial Revolutions
Alvin Toffler, in his book The Third Wave exposes the
notion of revolution and, for the beginning of the study dedicated to the
informational revolution; he does a profound description of the first two
technological revolutions the humanity has known: the agrarian revolution and
the industrial revolution.
2. The Informational Revolution (W3)
During
recent past time, the thesis that the industrial society is being replaced with
another type of society, based of the processing of the information became a
public domain. Daniel Bell was among the first sociologists to notice the birth
of a new society he called post-industrial society, also noticing that the
information became the strategic resource. Alain Minc named this society
telematic, from telecommunications plus informatics, representing the two
components of the use of information: the exchange and the administration.
To glimpse
the wideness of the phenomenon, I'll use here a short example given by Robert
Reich, Professor of Economics at Harvard University: "The people think they
buy objects, solid products, but it is not so: the most important part of the
cost of a product is given by research and development, the marketing costs, by
the legal solutions embedded in the product, etc.". That is, more than
half of the cost of a product is given by an invisible content, by information.
John
Naisbitt, in Megatrends, notices how profoundly engraved the society
this economical phenomenon: "Starting with 1955, the number of white
collars surpassed the number of blue collars". The physical work has been
more and more replaced by certain intellectual activities, this process having
deep implications on the way the society works: a lot of principles and customs
necessary to the industrial production prove today useless, the rigidity of the
discipline and the punctuality being replaced by flexibility.
3. Passage Phenomena (W3-4)
In order
to see the way things care to evolve, let's consider the way in which the
second chapter noted informational activities are formed and what their
components that are most probably to evolve are. Important from this viewpoint
is that quota between the offer of information and the selection of information
because obviously, not all the information has the same value.
Working
with a fragmented press forces the individual to synthesis, the media being
unable to completely assume this task. As such, the image the actual stage of
development of the informational society offers is the following: all the
people are journalist, each producing, stealing and synthesizing the
information he wants (Loren Ghiglione, Ziaristul de mâine [Tomorrow's
Newspaperman], "Sinteza" nr. 87/1991). From here, the system
vision, interdisciplinarity and the generalism to which the modern man is bound
to appeal to.
The peak
technology (espionage satellites, the listening devices, etc.), on one hand,
and the press, on the other, question the definition of the secret. Having in
mind that this rests just a cumulus of data, costly to gather and difficultly
to valorise missing the specific know-how, we are witnessing the death of the
secret. The informative activities are sedimenting around the decision centres
of the society, these disposing of a richness of information. In Recviem
pentru oamenii invizibili [Requiem for the invisible men] ("Expres"
nr. 7/1993), Radu Budeanu notices the commensuration of the information
activities with bureaucratically means. The truth is that are required new
means that can realize the administration of the knowledge rather than
information. The economical espionage, quite abundant our days, is hunting less
mere information, but mostly know-how.
Indeed,
the richness of information the society disposes nowadays relatively facile
allows the elaboration of efficient technology for industry and agriculture.
The computers, though they master this increasing volume of information, they
are incapable of thinking, of creating concepts. So, we are imposing a
differentiation between the information and their creative use, as we can do
the difference between the copyright and the industrial property, by similarity
with the difference between copying and the conceptual discrimination invention
/ innovation. The problematic of industrial property is climbing on a plane
higher than the informational one. It is no longer mere copying, that makes the
object of the copyright, but of taking over structures, ideas and concepts.
The
passage from W3 to W4 can be named teaching revolution: the enormous flow of
thinking currents produces a great quantity of learning processes, today generally
considered as useful for mastering the information. In today's society,
everybody is being in the middle of a continuous process of learning. Each of
the media's communication, if not evident, is followed by an explanation.
Changing more than one career, the people of today are bound to learn
continuously. Each man that the life tangently brings him into contact with a
field is bound to learn something about that field in order to go on.
4. The Notional Revolution (W4)
Peter F.
Drucker wrote ("Society" nr. 198/1992) of the knowledge workers as
the new ruling class of the society. Few men and women do today the difference
between the information and the knowledge that grafts on it, ultimately being
more relevant, because the rule on the former. By his expression, which tried
at its time to anticipate the informational revolution, Drucker se equivocally
places himself between W3 and W4. James Burnham wrote him too, in 1941, a more
adequate work, The Managerial Revolution. Let's see what W4 is about.
Not all
the information have the same usage value, either objective, either subjective.
A first step of underlining the value of the information is presenting it
structured. The structure, at its time, is revealed with the occasion of the
presentation, and it is not very useful to differentiate it from information,
can be unintelligently processed, being nothing else than the transposition of
the concept in patterns for the information. The different essence of the
concept can be easily revealed: a computer cannot elaborate concepts from
information, from particular aspects of it, and, though the generalization
operation can be simulated, the computer has neither intuition nor revelation,
by means of which to dynamically create useful concepts. If we think to the
definition of the concept: "association of particular aspects,
abstractization" (Dicţionarul de neologisme [The Neologisms Dictionary]),
we notice that the notion of abstractization supposes psychical phenomenon of
understanding, and we will never find a machine guilty of that. Making a
parallel with the noted industrial property, I can say that in relation with
the noted property, the relation concept-information is analogue to the
patent-machine relationship.
Example: a
meteorological satellite transmits towards the soil a considerable amount of
informational, but the knowledge deducted from the analysis of this amount is
rather few, being synthesized in data that explains the weather. This data,
gathered as simple information, on a longer interval and a larger area can make
the object of a theory, which really creates significant knowledge.
What is
the concept? This can be defined as the rational part of the idea. In several
languages (German, Latin, and others) to conceive means to catch, to grab. The
notion we can represent as perpendicular on the plane of information, with
which is linked by the structure. The operation of conceiving means the
reduction to the unity of a multitude of something.
The
structure is generally a multitude of objects plus a composition law. In our
case, the multitude is the information, and the law is the concept. The concept
is represented by a sign, the sign being beyond information, although fixed on
it, being made manifest only when interpreting the information—the same
information could have different values in different structures or conceptual
contexts, in different symbolic systems.
Integrated
into some social activities, the information belongs to W3, the logical
formulas (that are structures) to W3-4, as a passage, and the concept belongs
to W4.
Bernard
Conrad Cole in Beyond word processing—using your computer as a knowledge
processor, speaks of knowledge processing revolution and refers to knowledge
management.
Today we
can witness the beginning of a notional revolution, that will become
general because the creation of new philosophical objects—the concepts—gives
the information superior values. The concept as such comprises the
understanding of objects, state of fact, phenomena, etc. The creation of
concepts could mean a new systemic indicator, a new principle, a new theory,
etc. By the influence they have on the information connected activities, the
concepts optimize on a superior level the economical activity, the functioning
of some organizations, services, etc., and, in the climate that will precede
the actual conceptual revolution the quota of the intellectuality will grow,
because the main activities concentrate on the ideas as optimisers of
decisions.
5. The Development of the Notional Activities
A widely remarked
phenomenon in the new entrepreneurial climate remains without a satisfactory
explanation in the context of the simple informational revolution: billions of
dollars markets have been taken over from the grand companies by small
enterprises thanks to the exceptional ideas they put to work—not long ago firms
with just one employee made concurrence to concerns as Microsoft and IBM. The
economy of information has its own particular logics, different from the
managerial experience of the past. The boom has at its foundations the fact
that for a valuable idea is easier to conquer a small structure and then impose
on the market rather than directly conquering multinational mastodons that,
however determined, cannot rapidly and extensively assume the task of applying
the idea in the absence of a preliminary experimentation. Small, flexible
structures, disposed to wholly assume a responsibility are a more adequate
climate for developing ideas. The economical world learned this lesson right,
the organigrams changing accordingly: they changed from hierarchies to
networks. This is a combined effect of two revolutions: the informational one,
fully developed, that facilitated the communication, and the notional one,
being in an incipient phase and becoming to be felt.
The
information services appeal to a number of analysis and synthesis operation in
order to function optimally. The information banks are today a banality, as
well other informatics activities. Growing on their skeletons are new objects:
banks, networks and conceptual trusts and the actual university systems, that
undertake artisanal activities f exploiting the intellectual creativity. The
brainstorming and the synectics and other methods of stimulating the ideation
can become characteristically to W4. A few examples reveal the dimension of the
conceptual power: it becomes economical power. In France, e.g., the
"Negroes" realize about 20% of the books' total, offering services
similar to those of the sophists in the antique Greece, respectively making
available to the buyers services starting from the text's toilet to the
integral writing of a book based on an idea.
As many
other technologies the genetically engineering is facilitated by the
information explosion, but what determined its evolution is the notional
development, from Mendel's heredity to the HUGO project (the map of the human
genome). HUGO deserves and underline because it offers a clear image of the
distinction concept / information: the result of the project is a quantity of
information that, stocked on optical disks and distributed constitutes a
component of genetically engineering technologies. But all this immense volume
of work, developed in several American research centres for several years, was
generated by the (simple) idea of mapping the human genome. The billions of
dollars invested were attracted by the HUGO concept and not by the diskettes.
Of course, the idea seduced others competitors as well.
By
education, the conceptual power is accessible to almost any individual, group,
class or nation, but the weight of the mentalities characteristically for the
old orders represents a dimension of the society's exhaustion towards the new
production modalities (waves). Japan, as an example, had the chance of a
general catastrophe that cleaned the land and allowed the development of the
actual economy, with the price of moving the human concerns toward the martial
plane. For a poor country, the only way out of the underdevelopment trap is the
launch, with a gigantesque effort in the wave that begins (the 3rd
one being now a missed opportunity).
The 4th
wave modifies the human personality by pushing the man towards rationalism,
because the very wave is nothing else than a rational explosion, characterized by
the rational dialogue between society's members.