Entering and Listing Data

Describing Quantitative Data (1)

*--- SAS program: DESCRIBING_QUANTITATIVE_DATA_1.SAS ;

options nodate pageno=1;

*---Create Test Data;

data gold_price;

input year price @@;

cards;

1971 41.25 1972 58.61 1973 97.81 1974 159.7 1975 161.4

1976 124.85 1977 148.30 1978 193.50 1979 307.8 1980 606.01

1981 450.63 1982 374.18 1983 449.03 1984 360.29 1985 317.30

1986 367.87 1987 408.91 1988 436.93 1989 381.28 1990 384.07

;

run;

*---Using PROC MEANS;

proc means data=gold_price;

title 'Summary of Gold Price';

var price;

run;

SAS Output

Summary of Gold Price

The MEANS Procedure

Analysis Variable : price

N Mean Std Dev Minimum Maximum

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20 291.4860000 156.5263282 41.2500000 606.0100000

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*---Using PROC UNIVARITE;

proc univariate data=gold_price plot;

title 'Univariate Statistics of Gold Price';

var price;

run;

SAS Output

Univariate Statistics of Gold Price

The UNIVARIATE Procedure

Variable: price

Moments

N 20 Sum Weights 20

Mean 291.486 Sum Observations 5829.72

Std Deviation 156.526328 Variance 24500.4914

Skewness -0.0294286 Kurtosis -0.8839233

Uncorrected SS 2164791.1 Corrected SS 465509.337

Coeff Variation 53.6994326 Std Error Mean 35.000351

Basic Statistical Measures

Location Variability

Mean 291.4860 Std Deviation 156.52633

Median 338.7950 Variance 24500

Mode . Range 564.76000

Interquartile Range 242.49000

Tests for Location: Mu0=0

Test -Statistic- -----p Value------

Student's t t 8.328088 Pr > |t| <.0001

Sign M 10 Pr >= |M| <.0001

Signed Rank S 105 Pr >= |S| <.0001

Quantiles (Definition 5)

Quantile Estimate

100% Max 606.010

99% 606.010

95% 528.320

90% 449.830

75% Q3 396.490

50% Median 338.795

25% Q1 154.000

10% 78.210

Univariate Statistics of Gold Price

The UNIVARIATE Procedure

Variable: price

Quantiles (Definition 5)

Quantile Estimate

5% 49.930

1% 41.250

0% Min 41.250

Extreme Observations

-----Lowest----- -----Highest----

Value Obs Value Obs

41.25 1 408.91 17

58.61 2 436.93 18

97.81 3 449.03 13

124.85 6 450.63 11

148.30 7 606.01 10

Stem Leaf # Boxplot Normal Probability Plot

6 1 1 | 650+ *++++++

5 | | ++++++

4 1455 4 +-----+ | *+*+*++*

3 1267788 7 *-----* 350+ ** ****+*

2 | + | | ++++++

1 025669 6 +-----+ | +++*+** **

0 46 2 | 50+ *++++*+ *

----+----+----+----+ +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+

Multiply Stem.Leaf by 10**+2 -2 -1 0 +1 +2

*---Using PROC PLOT;

proc plot data=gold_price;

title 'Sequence Plot of Gold Price';

plot price*year;

quit;

SAS Output

Sequence Plot of Gold Price

Plot of price*year. Legend: A = 1 obs, B = 2 obs, etc.

price ‚

‚

600 ˆ A

‚

500 ˆ

‚

‚ A

‚ A A

‚

400 ˆ A

‚ A A A

‚ A A

‚

‚ A

300 ˆ A

‚

200 ˆ A

‚

‚ A A

‚ A

100 ˆ A

‚

‚ A

‚

0 ˆ

‚

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1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990

year

Note

OPTIONS NODATE suppresses dates printed on SAS output; PAGENO=1 sets the page number to 1 on SAS output.
The symbol @@ placed at the end of the INPUT statement allows multiple observations of the variable PRICE to be entered on each data line as long as the values are separated by blank spaces.
The MEANS procedure simple univariate descriptive statistics for numeric variables.
The UNIVARIATE procedure with the PLOT option will produce a stem-and-leaf display and a box plot for the variable specified in the VAR statement (e.g. PRICE).
The PLOT procedure produces two-dimensional plots. The variable plotted are specified on the PLOT commend line, separated by an asterisk. (The variable to the left of the asterisk is plotted on the vertical axis; the variable to the right on the horizontal axis.) When a time-ordered variable (e.g. YEAR) is used on the horizontal axis, a sequence plot is generated.

SAS Output