Medical Terms

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*i'm SO almost done!*

A

Abduction- to move a limb or some other body part away from the medial part of the body

ABG- arterial blood gas- blood is drawn and tested for oxygen content. This tells doctors whether or not the patient is getting enough oxygen in their blood

Acetaminophen- a non-salicylate analgesic-antipyretic (Tylenol)

ACE- angiotension converting enzyme

ACLS- advanced cardiac life support; includes electricity and drugs for life threatening arrhythmias

Acute- sudden, intense flare-up

Acute MI- Acute Monetary Insufficiency

Adduction- to move a limb or some other body part towards the medial part of the body

Adenosine- a drug used to stabilize heart rhythms

Albuterol- a bronchodilator used on asthma patients and patients having bronchial spasms to dilate the bronchia and improve breathing

ALOC- abbreviation for Acute loss of consciousness

Alzheimer's Disease- a progressive disease where the patients brain has abnormalities and the patient suffers memory loss and progressive inability to function normally, even at simple tasks.

AMA- against medical advice or American Medical Association

Ambu Bag- handheld squeeze bag attached to a face mask (the thing that you use to "bag" someone)

Anaphylactic Shock- an extreme allergic reaction that usually involves heart failure, circulatory collapse, severe asthma-like breathing, may result in death

Ancef- a cephalosporin antibiotic

Anemia- chronically low hematocrit

Aneurysm- a balloon like swelling in the wall of an artery (most commonly in the brain or stomach)

Angina- a temporary blockage in the coronary artery, very painful, but the pain goes away after a while- until next time

Angioplasty- a surgical procedure in which a small catheter with a balloon tip is threaded into the coronary artery. The balloon is inflated to re-expand the clotted artery

Anterior- word used to describe the front surface of an organ or muscle

Aortic Dissection- a tear in the aorta

Aortic Rupture- when the aorta bursts

Arterial Stick- when an IV line is inserted in an artery

Arrhythmia- when the beat of a heart is no longer originating from the sinus node, the rhythm is abnormal

ASA- abbreviation for acetylsalicylic acid (Asprin)

Asystole- a condition in which the heart no longer beats and usually can not be restarted, resulting in death.

Ativan- a minor tranquilizer drug used for anxiety, tension, agitation or fatigue

Atropine- a drug used to increase heart rate

AWOL- Absent With Out Leave (someone leaves without permission)

 

B

Bactrim- an antibacterial agent especially useful for urinary tract infections

Bagging- manual respiration for a patient having breathing problems that uses an Ambu bag

BAT- an abbreviation for Blunt Abdominal Trauma

Betadine- povidone iodine, a preparation used as a surgical scrub that is available in liquid and aerosol forms

Bi-Polar- a disease (aka Manic Depression) where the patient suffers from severe mood swings and depression

Bilateral Hemothorax- blood in both sides of the pleura, the membrane covering the lung

Blood Culture- incubating a blood sample so that suspected infections can multiply and then be identified

Blood Gas- a test to determine the gas phase components of blood; including oxygen, carbon dioxide, PH balance, etc.

Blood Pressure- a measure of how well blood circulates through your arteries, listed in the format of the systolic pressure over the diastolic pressure. Normal blood pressure is about 120/80

Blood Swab- a sample taken with a cotton-tipped stick

Blown- a dilated pupil

BLS- abbreviation for Basic Life Support; this includes CPR

Bolus- a large dose of drug that is given at the beginning of treatment to raise blood-level concentrations to a therapeutic level

Bounce back- a patient who returns to the ER with the same complaint shortly after being released

Bowel Dissipation- manual removal of fecal matter from a patient's rectum

BP- abbreviation for Blood Pressure

Brady cardiac- a slowing of the heart rate to less than 50 beats per minute

Breath Sounds- the sounds heard through a stethoscope placed on the chest over a lung

BUN- abbreviation for blood urea nitrogen

 

C

C-section- short for cesarean section, which is the surgical delivery of a baby through the abdominal wall

C-spine- short for cervical spine, or the neck

Calcium oxalate stone- a kidney stone

Calyx- a cup shaped part of the kidney

Cardiomyopathy- a disorder of the heart muscle that can be fatal

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)- When someone goes into cardiac arrest, you give chest compressions and breaths to keep a person alive until their heart can be defibrillated (Cardio- heart, Pulmonary- lungs)

Carotid pulse- the pulse on the neck, beside the esophagus

CAT scan- Computerized Axial Tomography (a big machine that takes a computerized "x-ray")

CBC- abbreviation for complete blood count; combining diagnostic evaluations of red blood cell count, white blood cell count, erythrocyte indices, hematocrit and a differential blood count

CC- abbreviation for cubic centimeters or Chief Complaint

Cellulitis- a skin infection

Central Line- the central location in the circulations of the vein used, usually the internal jugular and subclavian veins in the neck or the femoral veins in the groin. This sends more fluids into the body.

Cephalosporin- an antibiotic

Chem7- a battery of blood chemistry tests; the 7 parts of a chem7 are: sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, blood urea nitrogen, creatine and glucose

Chest Film- a chest x-ray

CHF- abbreviation for congestive heart failure- see pulmonary edema

Code Brown- a  term used when a patient doesn't make it to the bathroom in time

Compazine- a drug prescribed for severe nausea, and vomiting and also for treatment of psychotic disorders and anxiety

COPD- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Cordotomy- surgical severing of the nerves in the spinal cord to relieve intractable pain in the pelvis and lower limbs

Crasher- a person who passes out in the ER, often not a patient but a family member

Cricothyroidotomy- a procedure used to surgically establish an airway in the patients throat when intubation isn't possible because of swelling or bleeding

Crispy Critter- irreverent ER slang for a seriously burned patient

CT Scan- same as a CAT Scan

Cystic Fibrosis- a lung disease that causes the production of thick mucus in the lungs, making it hard to breathe

D

Darvocet- a drug prescribed for pain

DB- an ER abbreviation for a Dead Body

Dead Shovel- an ER abbreviation for a fat man who dies while shoveling snow

Debridement- cleaning an open wound by removing foreign material and dead tissue

Deep Vein Thrombosis- a blood clot in a deep vein

Defibrillation- the cessation of fibrillation of the cardiac muscle and restoration of normal rhythm

Delusional- having an irrational belief that can not be changed by a rational argument, often found in schizophrenia and manic-depressive patients

Demerol- a synthetic analgesic often used as a substitute for morphine (helps relieve pain)

Diagnosis- determining what's wrong with a patient by using the patient's symptoms, test results and medical background

Dialysis- the procedure to filter blood for patients with kidney failure, also to remove absorbed toxins from overdosing and poisoning

Diaphoresis- sweating during a heart attack

Diastolic- pressure during the relaxing of the heart

DIC- abbreviation for disseminated intravascular coagulation (no blood is clotting). ER personnel may also interpret it to mean Death Is Coming, since DIC usually means death is imminent

Digitalis- a drug for congestive heart failure

Dilantin- a drug used to prevent seizures

Disaster Protocol Color Coding- color tags are given to triage patients in a mass casualty event- Green: walking wounded, Yellow: urgent, Red: Critical, Black is DOA (Dead On Arrival)

Distal Pulse- the pulse farthest from the heart

Diuresis- an increase in the production of urine

DNR- the abbreviation for Do Not Resuscitate, meaning that the patient has signed on a form that if drastic measures (usually intubation) are needed to save their lives, they don't want it

DOA- abbreviation for Dead On Arrival

Dopamine- a drug used during surgery to increase cardiac output and renal blood flow

Dyspnea- shortness of breath

 

 

E

ECG- electrocardiogram, used to measure heart activity

EEG- electroenophalogram, used to measure brain activity

EKG- same thing as ECG

Eclampsia- a serious condition affecting pregnant women in which the entire body is affected by convulsions, the patient usually goes into a coma

Etopic Pregnancy- the development of the fetus (baby) in the fallopian tube instead of the womb

Edema- excessive accumulation of fluid

Electrolyte Analysis- tests the basic chemicals in the body; sodium, potassium, bicarbonate and chloride

Embolus- a blood clot

EMS- abbreviation for Emergency Medical Services (ambulances, etc.)

EMT- abbreviation for Emergency Medical Technician (medical staff inside the ambulances)

Endocarditis- inflammation of cardiac tissue, usually caused by a bacterial infection

Endoscope- a long flexible tube with special lighting

EPL- adrenaline used to make the heart beat faster

Epidermis- the outer layer of skin

Epidural- an injection through a catheter of a local anesthetic to relieve pain during labor, usually injected in the lumbar of the spine

ETA- abbreviation for Estimated Time of Arrival

 

F

Feldene- a non-steroidal anti-flammatory drug prescribed for arthritis and other forms of bone inflammation

Fetal Distress- describing critical conditions that are threatening the live delivery of a fetus

FHT- abbreviation for fetal heart tones

Fibrillation- and uncoordinated, quivering of the heart muscle resulting in an irregular pulse

First-degree Burn- a burn affecting the outer layer of skin (epidermis) only. The color of the burn is red, capillary refill is present, it heals in five to ten days with no scarring

Flexion- movement that increases the angle of a joint

Fluoroscope- an x-ray machine

Focused H and P- a history and physical examination. It looks at the patients history to help make a diagnosis. Also, the patient is physically examined and then talked to regarding to their complaint. The focused means that only the area of complaint is examined

Foley- a foley (indwelling) catheter. This is a thin flexible tube inserted into the urethra in order to drain the bladder

 

G

Gastric Lavage- irrigation of the stomach when poisoning or bleeding is suspected, or to remove ingested toxins before they enter the blood stream

Gentamicin- an antibiotic

GGFI- abbreviation for Grandpa's Got a Fever, which is shorthand for a battery of tests performed when an elderly man presents with a fever of unknown origin. Tests include are a CBC, Chem7, Chest Film, U/A and blood cultures

Glasgow Coma Scale- used to quickly determine the status and degree of injury to a trauma victim to the head

Glove Up and Dig In- an ER term for Bowel Dissipation

Gomer- term used in the ER meaning Get Out of My Emergency Room

Gorked- an ER term meaning unconscious

Granuloma- a tumor

GSW- abbreviation for Gun Shot Wound

 

 

H

H and P- the initial evaluation and examination of a patient

Haldol- a drug used for psychotic disorders, tourette's syndrome, and hyperactivity in children

Heart/Lung Bypass- using a machine to breathe and circulate blood for a patient

Heimlich Maneuver- a first-aid measure used to dislodge something caught in someone's throat that is obstructing breathing

Hematocrit- the proportion, by volume, of red blood cells in a CBC

Hemorrhage- the dramatic sudden loss of blood

Hemoper fusion- dialysis of the blood to remove foreign substances (poison or drugs)

Hemopneumothroax- blood and air in the pleura. Also called a collapsed lung

Heparin- a blood anticoagulant

Hydralazine- a synthetic compound that lowers blood pressure

Hyperglycemia- high values of glucose in the blood

Hypertension- abnormally low blood pressure

I

Infarction- what doctors call a heart attack

Infiltrate- an abnormal substance (e.g. a cancer cell) in a tissue or organ

Intubation- the insertion of a tube in the esophagus to help an unconscious patient breathe

IV- abbreviation for intravenous, meaning through the vein

IV Push- injecting medication rapidly into a vein to hit the blood system all at once

 

J

Jaundice- the skin, whites of the eyes, and mucous membranes turn yellow due to an increase of bile in the pigments in blood which spill out into the tissues.

Jungle Fever- Malaria

 

K

KUB- short for kidney, ureter and bladder tests

L

Lac- abbreviation for laceration

Laparotomy- any surgery needing an incision in the abdominal wall

Laryngoscope- an instrument for examining the larynx, also to visualize vocal cords for an intubation

Larynx- the voice box

LOL- abbreviation for Little Old Lady

Lithium- a drug commonly used to treat manic-depressive illness

Lumbar Puncture- the withdrawal of cerebrospinal fluid through a hollow needle inserted between the vertebrae. Also called a spinal tap

 

M

Macrodantin- a drug used to prevent and treat urinary tract infections

Medial- towards the midline of the body

Meds- short for medication

Meningitis- an inflammation of the ménages, the membranes around the brain and spinal cord

Meperedine- chemical name for Demerol

Metacarpal Fracture- a fracture of one of the bones that form part of the hand between the wrist and fingers

mg- abbreviation for milligrams

MI- abbreviation for myocardial infarction (a heart attack)

MRI- abbreviation for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, imaging done by a computer using a strong magnetic field and radio frequencies

MVA- abbreviation for Motor Vehicle Accident

Myocardial Infarction- destruction of heart tissue resulting from obstruction of the blood supply to the heart muscle

 

N

Narcan- a drug used to counteract drug overdose

Necrotic- dead

NG Tube- abbreviation for a nasogastric tube

NICU- abbreviation for the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (the ICU for babies)

Nitro Drip- an IV infusion of nitroglycerin

Nitroglycerine- an intiagonal agent

Normal Sinus Rhythm- normal heart rate

Nosocomial Infections- an infection contracted from the hospital

NS- abbreviation for normal saline solution

O

O neg- type O, Rhesus negative blood. Any human can receive this type of blood without complication

Orbital Fracture- a fracture of the bony socket that holds the eyeball

Osteosarcoma- Bone Cancer

Otitis Media- an infection in the middle of the ear

 

P

Palp- this refers to blood pressure taken under emergency conditions when listening for the systolic and diastolic pressures with a stethoscope is impossible. The pressure is then taken by feeling (palpation) the pulse

Pancreatitis- chronic or acute inflammation of the pancreas

Pancreatony- surgical removal of the pancreas

Papilledema- edema of the optic disk, often indicative of increased intracranial pressure

Paresis- partial or slight paralysis

Path Urine- urinalysis

Pavulon- trade name for the muscle relaxant pancuronium bromide

Pedal- related to the foot

Perfed Appy- when an infected appendix bursts and leaks into the gut

Pericardial Centesis- the draining of fluid from the pericardium

Pericardial Effusion- blood or fluid leaking into the pericardium

Pericardium- the sac that envelopes the heart

Peritoneum- a transplant membrane enclosing the abdominal cavity

PID- short for Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Pitocin- used to increase uterine contractions and is used to induce labor

Placental Abruption- the placenta separates from the lining of the womb too early, resulting in pain and bleeding

Platelets- components of blood designed to form clots from leaking arteries and veins

Pleura- lining around the lungs

Preeclampsia- the physical condition of a pregnant woman prior to Eclampsia. Symptoms include high blood pressure, persistent proteinuria (protein in the urine) and edema.

Preemie- a baby that is born before it is full term, usually weighing less than five and a half pounds

Ptosis- drooping of the eyelid

Pulmonary Edema- fluid in the lungs

Pulmonary Embolism- a blood clot in the lungs

Pulsatile- beating, as in a Pulsatile mass

Pulse- a pulsating artery that gives evidence that the heart is beating

Puls/ox- pulse oximetry, a measure of the saturation of hemoglobin by oxygen, or how well the person is breathing

Pulsus Paradoxus- a condition in which the pulse pressure declines during respiratory inspiration

PVCs- premature cardiac ventricular contractions

 

Q

:( none yet :(

 

R

Rape Kit- used on rape victims to collect hair, sperm and blood samples, as well as the official reporting forms

Rapid Infuser- a device that transports blood into the system at a fast rate to help prevent a lack of blood in the system (hypohemia)

Reflux- moving backward in the esophagus

Renogram- x-ray of the kidneys

Respirations- breathing, the act of inhaling and exhaling

Ringers Solution- a mix of potassium, salt and calcium boiled in water used to treat dehydration

 

S

Saline Solution- a blood volume solution made of salt and water, a temporary substitute for lost blood

Schizophrenia- a mental disorder that involves hallucinations, delusions and disintegration of the thought process

Scoop and Run- used by EMTs and ER personnel for a situation where no treatment is possible at an accident scene and all they can do is "scoop" up the victim and "run" with them to the ER

Sepsis- a very severe infection

Shock- a circulatory disturbance marked by a drop in blood pressure, rapid pulse, clammy skin and a rapid heart rate

Solu-medrol- a powerful steroid

Spinal Tap- the withdrawal of cerebrospinal fluid through a hollow needle inserted between the vertebrae. Also called a Lumbar Puncture

Spleen- helps filter blood of bacteria and impurities

Splenectomy- surgically removing the spleen

Statis- the slowing of blood flow

Stat- immediately

STD- short for Sexually Transmitted Disease

Sternotomy- surgical opening of the breast bone

Stomach Pumping- a large tube called an Ewald is inserted into the stomach, through the esophagus, the contents of the stomach are sucked out and the stomach is flushed with clear water, charcoal and a cathartic

Stridor- what breathing sounds like when the larynx or trachea is obstructed

Subdural- outside the brain

Sublingual- a medication that is taken by dissolving under the tongue

Systolic- pressure during the contraction of the heart systolic murmur- a cardiac murmur that occurs between the first and second heart sounds

 

 

T

Tachycardia- an extremely rapid heart rate, usually signified by a pulse over 100 beats per minute

Tamoxifen- the chemotherapy drug of choice for postmenopausal metastasis breast cancer

Tension Pneumothorax- a collapsed lung

Thoracotomy- surgery on the thoracic (chest cavity)

Thorazine- a drug that is a sedative, antimetic, antispasmodic, and a hypotensice.

Thrombosis- a blood clot

Tox Screen- toxicological analysis of the blood, ordered when a drug overdose is suspected and the drugs need to be identified

TPA- abbreviation for tissue plasminogen activator, used to break up blood clots during a heart attack

Tracheal Shift- a physical shift of the windpipe due to trauma

Trauma Center- an emergency room with a trauma surgeon on duty

Triage- the system of prioritizing patients in an emergency room

TUBE- Short for Totally Unnecessary Breast Exam <--- (JUST for Sarah)

Type and Crossmatch- blood typing to identify a patients blood type

 

 

U

U/A- urinalysis, used to look for kidney failure, diabetes, bladder or kidney infections

Ultrasound- a test similar to an x-ray, but it uses sound waves

Unstable Angina- angina in which the cardiac pain has changed patterns

UTI- abbreviation for Urinary Tract Infection

V

Venipuncture- drawing blood from a vein

Vitamin H- what ER personnel call haldol

V-fib- ventricular fibrillation

V-tach- ventricular Tachycardia (extremely rapid heart rate)

 

 

W

WBC- abbreviation for White Blood Cell Count, used to determine the amount of white blood cells in the body

Wheezer- a patient with asthma or trouble breathing

Whipple- a procedure where the distal stomach, gallbladder and duodenum are usually taken out and they leave a little of the distal pancreas behind

 

X

Y

Z

 

 

 

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*Disclaimer-ish thingy: I am not a doctor or nurse nor do I know much about medicine, so I have researched some terms on the internet and put them here. Hopefully they are accurate.*