ISLAMIC/MUSLIM CULTURE I. Sunni Shiite Split Historical dispute over succession Schism 656 A.D. 1. Sunni Abu Bakr 1st Caliph chosen on merit 2. Shiite Ali supports legitimate bloodline Doctrinal Differences 1. Positions on religion & beliefs Religious Organization Differences 1. Role in Religion & Politics II. Islamic Political Movements Religious Message Opposition to West III. Growth of the Islamic Empire Period of Conquests 630s 650s A.D. 1. Islamic Unity 2. Fearless Fighters 3. Methods of Controlling Land & People IV. Umayyad Dynasty 661 747 A.D. Damascus, Syria Expansion India to France People of the Book Problems V. Abbasids 750 1258 A.D. Baghdad, Iraq Caliph Harun al Rashid reaches zenith 786-809 Ruled like Persian Kings Decline and division into independent states VI. Islamic Culture Foundations 1. Family 2. City Mosques dominate, Bazaar (Marketplace) 3. Country Water scarce but, effective farming Science 800-1300 A.D. Arts 4. Conquests 5. Religion Philosophy, Literature & History 6. Try to reconcile Greek philosophy with Koran 7. Koran, Rubaiyyat, The Arabian Nights 8. Examine history scientifically