FRANKLIN
ROOSEVELT AND THE NEW
DEALNew
York
(Objectives: Understanding the Civic Personality, the Fall
of H. Hoover, and the Rise of FDR)
I. Rise of FDR and the Civic Personality
A. Emergence of Civic Personality in American Politics
1. What makes a country cohesive.
2. New media--new national focus
3. different groups come together New York
1. National Politics creates one community
a. President becomes both King and P.M
1. It is about public persuasion
2. Public presentation of your views
3. He must be principled moral man who has ability for states craft.New York
b. All seen through Intellect, Policy, Principles
2. So Why FDR Success and Hoover Failure?
a. Backgrounds should not be
b. Hoover and FDR
Hoover
1. engineer
2. Belgium Relief
3. Competent cabinet member
4. First president to use fed aid to help
4. Tried deficit spending
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York
a Personality
1. He was an intellectual
2. Principles of Mining
2. Agriculus de Rey Metalica
3. Bio of Wilson
4. He has a sense of the mindNew York
b. Principles
1. Not rigid ideologue, but tried to
bring presidency certain set of principled ideals.
a. Voluntarism
b. efficeince in govt
c. individual initiative, protestant work ethic, unwilliness to let
state do work that indiv can do.
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York
c. Politics
1. Presidency is not about politics
a. instead he is supreme administrator
b. He is a technocrat
c. not a glad-hander but an administrator
2. these served him well before 29, but fail him after 29.
a. put a rose in his hand it will wilt
b. But of Jokes--Babe Rth
c. Hobos look well fed.
3. Evils of the depression become associated with him
4. A vote for FDR is more a punch in the nose for Hoover
FDR
1. FDR is less princpled, intellectual light weight.
a. no interest in the lfie of the mind.
b. had a clear notion of how American people view intellectuals
c. Homless person "the professor."
d. Need to know that we are plugged into the best minds, but not let
them rule.
e. Not let the guardians of knowledge rule--suspicious of them.
2. Less principles
a. His admin is riddled with stories where he zig zags
b. takes one position then switches
c. His formula for defeating the depression baffles historians
looking for consistency
d. example of the tariff
3. Presidency was showmanship.
a. It was about public persuasion
b. About greeting people
c. About public presentation of your fviews.
d. Fireside Chats comes into homes in contrast to Hoover's refusal to
use it, and when he did
they were long intellectual facts and figures.
e. "All the Baramours rolled into one--We are the greatest Actors in
America.
f. News conferences were extraordinary performances.
4. But he must convey to the public that he is a principled, moral,
man who has practical gifts of state craft.
5. Presidency is Oximoranic--holds together two conflicting principle
and statecraft (often requiring compromise)
6. After FDR we have the mass presidency who must appeal to a wide
group of people
So how does his personality mesh with a wide ban of people?
FDR is wo peer in meetng with a mass public
a. Examples. In 1921 he had polio and faked walking with his son
b. media agreed not to film
c. Shkocked that he cold not walk
d. I have to run now
e. Cartoons--trainer, athlete, 'I don't expect to get a hit every
time, but I expect to have a high
batting average."
f. Slugger, and quarterback calling signals for his ND team
g. the election of 1944.
7. Hoover is overwhelmed and does not understand that the rules of the
game have changed.
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YorkB.
The Condition of America in 1932
1. Voters were in an ugly mood
a. Chimineys remained ominously cold
b. 13 million unemployed
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York
1. Unemployed, GNP, Exports
1. GNP down 1/2 from 1928.
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York
2. Psychologically depressed as well: Baker
II. The Election of 1932
A. Rep: Hoove again without enthusiasm
1. Hoover was sick at heart about the
depression
2. Republican renominate wo enthusiasm.
3. Platform called for more anti-depression policies,and promise to
repeal prohibition.
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York B.
Dem: MacAdoo (Garner), Platform, Convention
C. Largest swing in history
D. Interregnum and deepening panic
III. Franklin Roosevelt's First Administration 1933-37.
A. Interregnum, Inauguration, and deepening Panic
1. 20th Amendment
2. "Day of National Consecration--Nation at War"
3. Cabinet and Brain Trust, Moley, Berle, Tugwell
B. The First Hundred Days. (First New Deal?)
1. 100 Days flurry of "Experimentation"
2. March 5, 1933-Special Session of Congress
a. Bank holiday-"Fire Side Chat"
b. The Economy Act--15% cut in Federal wages
c. C.C.C.
d. National Industrial Recovery Act
1. Title I-Nat'l Recovery
Administration-Blue Eagle a. Industrial Codes
b. No anti-trust violation for price fixing
c. Minimum wage & maximum hours ($.25/44 hr)
d. Section 7a-collective bargaining (No childlabor
2. Title II-Public Works
Administration-Harold Ickes
e. Agricultural Adjustment Act
1. 1920s, McNary-Haugen and Dust Bowl
2. Parody at 1910 prices
f. Tennessee Valley Authority (WWI, Dams,
Yardstick)
g. Federal Emergency Relief Administration
(a dole)
h. Repeal Volstead Act
i. Securities and Exchange Commission
j. Continue Reconstruction Finance Corporation
3. Results-Need for Civil Works Administration
C. Problems with the New Deal and the Rise of "Extremists"
1. Huey P. Long-The "Fascist" Kingfish.
2. Radio Priest, Father Charles Couglin
3. Charles Townsend -$200 a month for elderly
4. Brandeis-Frankferter to FDR: "Move Now!"
D. Roosevelt Responds-The 2nd Hundred Days (or 2nd ND)