SCAC: Sup Reading: Chinese Cuisine Systems
菜系1因地理、气候、习俗2、经济、交通等诸多3条件4,形成不同的地方风味,可简单概述5为:"三大流域孕育6了四大菜系"。
菜系的划分7单就汉族的饮食特点而言8,目前有四大菜系、八大菜系、十大菜系之说,而且划分7系类9仍有继续增加的趋势10。笔者11认为,我国菜系划分以四川、广东、江苏、山东之说较妥12。从菜系的命名13看,虽以省命名14,但是它影响所及15则远远超出16省的界限17,凡在饮食18习俗2方面都受其影响15,口味、烹调19都一般相同,这就是菜系的范围20。当然在一个菜系之内,还有不少流派21或分支,这只不过是"大同"之中的"小异22"。就鲁、川、粤、苏23四大菜系而论8,鲁菜的范围除山东外,还有华北平原、京津地区、东北三省以及晋陕24都是山东菜的口味和食俗的地域,成为北方菜的主干25。川菜则以是以天府之国26为中心扩展27至长江中上游、两湖28、云贵29一带的广大地区。粤菜主要是珠江流域,闽贵30也都受影响。苏菜又叫淮扬31菜,为淮河、长江下游的广大地区,以及沪、杭、宁32等城市亦属33这一范围20。当然这只是概略34地划分,接壤35地区有些是交叉36的。
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1. cai4xi4 cuisin system; 2. xi2su2 habits and customs; 3. zhu1duo1 many; 4. tiao2jian4 condition; 5. gai4shu4 roughly describe; 6. yun4yu4 give birth to; 7 hua4fen1 classification; 8. jiu… er2 yan2: as far as … is concerned; 9. xi4 and lei4: gategories; 10. qu1shi4 tendency; 11. author self reference; 12. tuo3 proper, appropriate; 13 ming4ming2: naming; 14. name by province names; 15.ying3xiang3 suo3ji2: where its influence reaches; 16. chao1chu1 exceed; 17.jie4xian4: limit; 18. yin3shi2 drinking and eating, food; 19. peng1tiao2: cooking; 20. fan4wei2; range;
21. liu2pai4: schools, varieties; 22. yi4: difference; 23 code names: lu3shangdong, chuan1- sichuan, yue4guangdong, su1 jiangsu; 24. code names jin4shan1xi1, shan3 shan3xi1; 25. zhu3gan4: main part; 26 Sichuans nickname: heavenly country;
27. kuo4zhan3: expand; 28 Hunan and Hubei; 29 Yunnan and Guizhou; 30 min3: Fujian
31. huai2yang2 : Huai River and Yangzhou City; 32. hu4, hang2 ning2: shanghai, hangzhou, nanjing; 33 yi4shu3: also belong; 34. gai4lue4: rough, crude, not detailed; 35 jie1rang3: bordering, adjacent; 36. jiao1cha1 -- overlap