1. Name two biological communities that experience wildfires.
Many biological communities experience wildfires. These communities are forests, grasslands, wetlands, and deserts.

2. Describe the beneficial role of fire to an ecological community?

A fire can have a beneficial role to an ecological community. It can be good for forest regeneration, and can provide tangible benefits to local communities. Sometimes communities rely on wild fires for survival. It is also a key component of ecological succession in many communities. They are a natural form of population control.

3. Define the term succession and describe what role it plays in the evolution of an ecological community. Is fire an example of primary or secondary succession? Support your reasoning.

Succession is the act or process of following in order or sequence. The role it plays in the evolution of an ecological community is great. It is a predictable and orderly change in the composition or structure of an ecological community. It can increase species diversity. Some types of succession, such as secondary succession, reduce an already established ecosystem. Succession can occur as primary succession or secondary succession. Primary succession occurs in an environment when new substrates are deposited. Secondary succession is a process started by an event. A forest fire is secondary succession.

4. For one of the communities chosen above describe the 4 stages of ecological succession. Discuss the role (facilitation, inhibition, tolerance) of either a plant or an animal for each stage of succession.
A forest goes through ecological succession. It goes through four stages of ecological succession.
1. Primary succession begins with the appearance of simple plants, maybe lichen or mosses.
2. When these plants die, they decompose and create soil that more complex plants can spurt from, maybe grasses, herbs, and small shrubs.
3. Those plants die, decompose, and contribute to the growing layer of soil that can support even more complex plants, maybe larger shrubs and small trees.
4. Finally, taller trees start growing. This is known as the climax community.

5. Describe one fire management technique and one fire suppression technique used today by the US Forestry Service.
There are many fire management techniques and suppression techniques. The US Forestry Service uses many of these techniques. One Fire management technique is a thermal- imaging sensor developed by NASA Arms Research Center. This has made it easier for trackers to overview the fires in Santa Barbara. Even though this technique is still under development, it may be able to save lives, resources, and homes. One technique of fire suppression that is used today is fire fighter services and water spraying fire apparatus. Usually a group of 20 or more firefighters travel in fire trucks to the fire. Helicopters will watch the teams to make sure they are okay and track where they have to go and what they have today.

--Pisces

1. Wildlands that experience wildfires include forests, grasslands, wetlands, and deserts. The wild life and plants in these communities depend on fire for their survival.

2. Fires can be beneficial to an ecological community. They cleanse the forest floor by removing low growing underbrush and opening up the forest floor to sunlight. Fire also provides food and habitat for wildlife species by clearing wildlands and leaving room for new grasses. In addition, fire kills diseases and insects that prey on trees and provide valuable nutrients that enrich the soil. Finally, fire provides for new generations. Some species of plants are fir dependent. Without fire, trees would eventually succumb to old age with no new generations to carry on their legacy.

3. Succession is the observed process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time. Succession plays a role in the diversity of species. Diversity increases during early succession. Fire is an example of secondary succession. It's a process started by an event (fire) that reduces an already established ecosystem to a smaller population of species.

4. Ecological Succession can be described in 4 stages. The changes that take place during any form of succession depend on a variety of environmental factors, such as the amount of moisture, temperature, and wind.

Stages of plants going through ecological succession:

a. Begin with the appearance of simple plants.
b. Pioneer plants die, then decompose and begin to form soil in which other, more complex plants can begin to grow. These plants consist of grasses, herbs, and small shrubs.
c. Early statge of succession plants die and contribute to the growing layer of soil. Eventually, the soil will support more complex plants, such as larger shrubs and small trees
d. Finally, taller trees begin to grow. The final stage of ecological succession is known as a climax community.

5. One fire management technique used by the US Forestry Service is the one NASA has come up with. Engineers have developed a new thermal-imaging sensor that can accurately map a wildfire's behavior and pinpoint hot spots. One technique for fire suppression is using a portable fire extinguisher. the P.A.S.S. method is used: Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep.

-rilo kiley

1. Name two biological communities that experience wildfires.
Wildfires are detrimental to many communities. The hardest hit communities are forests, grasslands, wetlands, and deserts.
2. Describe the beneficial role of fire to an ecological community?
Although they may wreak havoc on communities, fires do have benefits. Fires allow ecosystem to regenerate. This is seen by the slash and burn method, where crops are planted and set on fire to create nutrients needed for other plants to grow.
3. Define the term succession and describe what role it plays in the evolution of an ecological community. Is fire an example of primary or secondary succession? Support your reasoning.
Succession is the process or act of the continuation of a progression in sequence. This plays a major role in the evolution of an ecosystem. Secondary succession may reduce an already stable ecosystem. It can also lead to increased species diversity or biodiversity. Primary succession occurs when certain particles, substrates are deposited into soil. Secondary succession, however, occurs as the result of another action; thus, fire is secondary succession.
4. For one of the communities chosen above describe the 4 stages of ecological succession. Discuss the role (facilitation, inhibition, tolerance) of either a plant or an animal for each stage of succession.
Forests go through ecological succession in four stages:
1. primary succession begins with the implantation of simple plants such as mosses or lichens.
2. as these plants die, they deposit nutrients to allow complex plants such as grasses, shrubs, and herbs to grow.
3. as these plants die, they create a soil sediment and allow other plants to grow
4. in the end, trees grow resulting in the “climax community.”


5. Describe one fire management technique and one fire suppression technique used today by the US Forestry Service.

There are many fire management techniques currently in service; however, two stand out. One fire management technique involves a thermal imaging sensor developed by NASA. This allows firefighters to locate fires in an efficient way. One fire suppression tool is a water-spraying apparatus, which is used to quickly put out fires.

--Red

1. Many biological communities experience wildfires. Two of these communities are forests and grasslands.
2. Fires can be beneficial to ecological communities. Fires can help regenerate ecosystems. In forests, when the trees and soil are burned, the nutrients become rich again so the soil is able to be used for growing crops again. This method is known as the slash-and-burn method.
3. Succession is the process of following in order. Succession helps increase diversity through the gradual change in the species composition of a given area. There are two types of succession; primary and secondary succession. Primary succession is the establishment of ecological communities from lifeless areas. Secondary succession happens as a result of something else occuring and in areas with soil. Fire is an example of secondary succession because it begins in an area with an already existing community.
4. Forests go through four stages of ecological succession.
1. First, primary succession begins and little plants grow on the forest floor.
2. Next, the plants die, decompose, and become rich nutrients for new communities. This process is known as facilitation.
3. The new soil acts as the beginning of secondary succession as the soil germinates.
4. Finally, new healthy forest plants and trees begin to grow. This is known as the climax community.
5. One fire management technique is a thermal imaging sensor created by NASA. This technique is able to map out the fire's behavior and point out the hot spots so the firemen know where to take out the fire. A fire suppression technique used by the US Forestry Service is a water spraying tool. This allows firemen to easily lessen the fire's power.
--beluga

1. Forests, wetlands and deserts are the areas that experience wildfires.

2. Wild fires can allow a forest to regenerate, as well as serve as a means to control the animal population. Also, a new type of species can generate as a wildfire progresses. In regards to regeneration, when a slash-and-burn technique is used, the vegetation is burned replenishing the depleted soil with much needed nutrients.

3. Succession involves the predictable changes in the structure of an ecological community. It can be brought on by the formation of a new unoccupied habitat (primary succession), or by some type of disturbance in an existing community (Secondary succession). Species diversity initially occurs in the earlier stages of ecological succession. Fire would be an example of secondary succession, because it originates in an already established community.

4. Forests including the plants that live in them go through ecological succession. The process of succession involves the recycling of nutrients. Simple plants start to grow and when they decompose they allow their nutrients to be taken up into the soil. Because of this increase in nutrients, other more complex vegetation begins to grow. Eventually when these plants begin to decompose, they allow their nutrients and vitamins to replenish the soil. Finally because of this replenished soil, more complex trees and vegetation is able to grow. This is the point where the area has reached climax community.

5. Officials are able to fight fires if they accurately know where it is located. An example of a sensor device was tested on a remotely piloted unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). With this technology, officials are able to handle and process data, receiving it quickly so they can act quickly. This technology allows them to effectively track forest fires, thus aiding in their management of them. Images taken from a sensor and a scanner allows officials not only to track the current fire, but also to be bale to predict it’s next move. Using Google Earth, they can record patterns and temperatures predicting when the fire will move to next, thus they are able to send resources there before the fire actually spreads, suppressing the fire.

--Starfruit117

1. Name two biological communities that experience wildfires. They are forests, grasslands, wetlands, and deserts.

2. Describe the beneficial role of fire to biological communities that experience wildfires. Fire in these areas can kill disease, harmful organisms, and get rid of the growing underbrush that prevents growing plants.


3. Define the term succession and describe what role it plays in the evolution of an ecological community. Is fire an example of primary or secondary succession? Support your reasoning. Succession is the observed change in a species’ diversity. In the evolution of an ecological community, succession allows for lot more diversity among a species. Fire is considered a secondary succession because it is an event that causes a change in an established ecosystem.


4. For one of the communities chosen above describe the 4 stages of ecological succession. Discuss the role (facilitation, inhibition, tolerance) of either a plant or an animal for each stage of succession. The stages are as follows:
a. Begin with the appearance of simple plants.
b. Pioneer plants die, then decompose and begin to form soil in which other, more complex plants can begin to grow. These plants consist of grasses, herbs, and small shrubs.
c. Early statge of succession plants die and contribute to the growing layer of soil. Eventually, the soil will support more complex plants, such as larger shrubs and small trees
d. Finally, taller trees begin to grow. The final stage of ecological succession is known as a climax community.


5. Describe one fire management technique and one fire suppression technique used today by the US Forestry Service. In order to prevent the spread of wildfires is developed by NASA is a thermal imaging device that allows to pinpoint hotspots. Once these hotspots are detected, they can use water hoses or hand-held fire extinguishers to help quickly neutralize fires.


--Doc

1. Name two biological communities that experience wildfires.
Communities that experience wildfires are forests, grasslands, wetlands, and deserts.
2. Describe the beneficial role of fire to an ecological community?
Although fire is mostly seen as detrimental to an ecological community, fires can be beneficial as well. After a fire, the ashes of the organisms that were burned provide nutrients for the soil and let the life regenerate stronger as through the slash-and-burn method. Fires also kill diseases and insects that kill many organisms and serve to control population overgrowth.
3. Define the term succession and describe what role it plays in the evolution of an ecological community. Is fire an example of primary or secondary succession? Support your reasoning.
Succession is the act or process of following in order or sequence. Succession plays a major role in the evolution of an ecological community. Succession increases diversity through the gradual change in the species make-up of a given area. Primary succession refers to the establishment of life forms in a lifeless area. Secondary succession refers to the establishment of life after a natural disaster has wiped out all previous life in a specific area. Fire is an example of secondary succession because it is a natural disaster that can wipe out an ecological community but it can aid in the returning of life as well.
4. For one of the communities chosen above describe the 4 stages of ecological succession. Discuss the role (facilitation, inhibition, tolerance) of either a plant or an animal for each stage of succession.
The four stages of ecological succession for a forest are:
1. The appearance of simple plants (pioneer plants)
2. Pioneer plants die, then decompose and begin to form soil in which other, grasses, herbs, and small shrubs (succession plants) can begin to grow.
3. Succession plants die and contribute to the growing soil layer by adding nutrients. Eventually, the soil will support more complex plants, such as larger shrubs and small trees
4. Taller trees begin to grow. The final stage of ecological succession is known as the climax community.
5. Describe one fire management technique and one fire suppression technique used today by the US Forestry Service.
One fire management technique, created by NASA, is a thermal imaging sensor. The sensor maps out a fire and points out where the firemen should begin to put the fire out by identifying the hot spots. One fire suppression technique is a water spraying tool used by the US Forestry Service. It is a useful tool because it allows the firemen to put out the fire a lot easier.

--Bluedog16

1. Name two biological communities that experience wildfires.
Two biological communities that experience wildfires are Southern California, under the influence of the Santa Ana winds, and southeastern France.

2. Describe the beneficial role of fire to an ecological community?
Forest fires are a natural part of many ecosystems. They are sometimes essential for forest regeneration. Fires are also beneficial to an ecosystem because they create new conditions that encourage some species and discourage or eliminate others.

3. Define the term succession and describe what role it plays in the evolution of an ecological community. Is fire an example of primary or secondary succession? Support your reasoning.
Ecological succession is the gradual change in the species composition of a given area. During succession, colonizing or pioneer species arrive first. As environmental conditions change, they are replaced by others, and later these species may be replaced by another set of species. Primary succession involved the gradual establishment of various biotic communities in lifeless areas where there is no soil in a terrestrial community or no bottom sediment in an aquatic community. In secondary succession, a series of communities with different species develop in places containing soil or bottom sediment. In a way, secondary succession is assisted succession, so fire would be an example of secondary succession. A wildfire helps to eliminate some species, but allow new ones to thrive, and a wildfire is not a gradual process, it immediately reverts an area back to its primitive state and then the regrowth period is gradual.

4. For one of the communities chosen above describe the 4 stages of ecological succession. Discuss the role (facilitation, inhibition, tolerance) of either a plant or an animal for each stage of succession.
- during ecological succession, first colonizing or pioneer species arrives to a barren area. They gradually establish various biotic communities in lifeless areas. These pioneer species include lichens and mosses.
- Once the lichens and mosses take root in an area, they start the soil formation process by trapping wind-blown soil particles and tiny pieces of detritus, producing tiny bits of organic matter, secreting mild acids that slowly fragment and break down the rock.
- after many years, the soil may be finally ready for the growth and support of midsuccessional species such as herbs, grasses, and low shrubs.
- as the land grows even more lush, tree species grow and create shade, and are replaced by late successional plant specied.

5. Describe one fire management technique and one fire suppression technique used today by the US Forestry Service.
A new fire management thermal-imaging sensor developed by NASA Ames Research Center (ARC) is making it easier for researchers to get an accurate picture of the ongoing fires. The system is still in development, but the researchers say that it could ultimately save resources, property, and lives. Part of this process involves flying manned missions over the fire to map its location, hotspots, and the direction in which it's spreading. The key to fighting wildfires is accurately knowing the positional information of a fire--not just taking an image of the fire, but understanding where the fire is and how it's behaving. For fire suppression personnel are organized into fast attack teams typically consisting of 5–8 people. These fast attack teams are helicoptered into smaller fires or hard to reach areas as a preemptive strike force. They use portable pumps to douse small fires and chainsaws to construct firebreaks or helicopter landing pads if more resources are required. Hand tools are commonly used to construct firebreaks and remove fuels around the perimeter of the fire to halt its spread, including shovels, rakes, and the pulaski, a tool unique to wildland firefighting.
--Cake.

1. Name two biological communities that experience wildfires. Several biological communities experience wildfires. The communities that experience wildfires are forests, wetlands, deserts, and grasslands.

2. Describe the beneficial role of fire to an ecological community?
Wildfires have many beneficial roles in an ecological community. Firstly, fires may carry our there natural means, which means some fires will be allowed to burn, clearing out underbrush, restoring soil nutrients and thinning out tree canopies, also called the slash and burn method. It can also be beneficial in removing some of the old fuel and helping the plants rejuvenate. Also, it can be used to help control animal populations and maintain the biodiversity in a community.

3. Define the term succession and describe what role it plays in the evolution of an ecological community. Is fire an example of primary or secondary succession? Support your reasoning.
Ecological succession refers to more-or-less predictable and orderly changes in the composition or structure of an ecological community. Succession plays a role in the evolution in an ecological community since it introduces new species to areas, increasing biodiversity. Primary succession occurs when there is an ecological disaster and it destroys plants and animals allowing new species to colonize. Secondary succession, like a fire or windstorm, is when a disturbance in nature occurs, but does not completely wipe out the plants and animals. Fires do not ruin areas completely and they can help with removing underbrush, as seen in secondary succession, which allows for new plants to grow.

4. For one of the communities chosen above describe the 4 stages of ecological succession. Discuss the role (facilitation, inhibition, tolerance) of either a plant or an animal for each stage of succession. In forested areas there are several steps for ecological succession. It starts with pioneers, or soil builder. The plants then die to help facilitate the soil for the next group of plants to grow. Weeds and grasses begin to grow in this new soil, such as fireweed or lupine. Then the shrubs come in, like blueberry and then early trees develop. They are called early trees because they are quick to develop in the new soil. Finally, late trees grow such as the old- hickory or pine trees, this is also called the climax community.

5. Describe one fire management technique and one fire suppression technique used today by the US Forestry Service.

There are many fire management techniques and fire suppression techniques. One fire management technique is a new thermal-imaging sensor developed by NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), which is making it easier for researchers to get an accurate picture of the ongoing fires in Santa Barbara. They must fly manned missions, or a remotely piloted unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)over the area to get accurate pictures of the fires. A fire suppression technique is using a water tool or hose to suppress the fires.

--hibleaker

1. Two biological communities that experiance wildfires are forests and grasslands.

2. The benefical role of a fire to an ecological community apply mainly to the renewing of the specific enviornment. Some of the roles of the fire include clearing out underbrush, restores nutrients to the soil, controls populations of plants and animals by removing overgrown or unhealthy plants and animals. This in turn allows for new plants and animals to grow. Fires are sometimes started on purpose for these reasons and this is known as the slash and burn method.

3 Ecological succession is the gradual and orderly process of change in an ecosystem brought about by the progressive replacement of one community by another until a stable climax is established. A fire is an example of secondary succession because secondary succession because a fire does not completley destroy the enviornment in which it occurs. Also secondary succession allows for the rebirth of the enviornment with new plants and animals.

4. The stages of a forest's ecological succession are:

1. The emergence of pioneer plants (simple plants)
2. With the dieing and decaying of these pioneers plants, they are taken into the soil with the help of decomposers and are then used as nutrients for the regrowth of newer and larger plants.
3. The cycle repetes it self, as these plants die and are taken into the soil, newer larger plants begin to frow.
4. At this point trees and large plants welcome different types of species.

5. One fire management technique is the thermal imaging sensor which allows for the "firefighter" to accurately find the main source of the fire and put it out as quicly as possible. One fire suppression technique is a tool used to spray extremly large amounts of water at the source of the fire. This tool allows for firefights to put out fires at a much quicker rate.
--$

1. Name two biological communities that experience wildfires.
Although many communities can be victims to wildfires, the two most vulnerable communities are grasslands and forests (especially charapals).

2. Describe the beneficial role of fire to an ecological community?
Because fire is sometimes a natural occurrence in an ecological community, there are certain beneficial impacts. One of the most important impacts is that fires often regenerate the soil and replenish its nutrients. Fires are also important because they cause secondary succession in which the habitat is mainly destroyed but the soil is still intact. Fires also control the population of certain plants and animals and limit the growth of underbrush which can otherwise be detrimental to the overall wellbeing of the variety of plants in he community.

3. Define the term succession and describe what role it plays in the evolution of an ecological community. Is fire an example of primary or secondary succession? Support your reasoning.
Succession is the predictable and orderly changes in the overall structure of a community. Fire is an example of secondary succession because although the overall community and its organisms are greatly impacted, the soil remains intact as opposed to primary succession where the soil is completely destroyed.

4. For one of the communities chosen above describe the 4 stages of ecological succession. Discuss the role (facilitation, inhibition, tolerance) of either a plant or an animal for each stage of succession.
In forests, after a major ecological succession takes place the first plants to re-inhabit the area are small plants known as pioneer plants. These plants begin to form the basis of the community. After these plants establish themselves, they are able to reintroduce nutrients into the soil and break down the otherwise useless soil. After these plants, larger plants are able to move into the area. Finally, the climax community is reached when the area returns to a state similar to that before the succession.

5. Describe one fire management technique and one fire suppression technique used today by the US Forestry Service.
One fire management technique used by the US Forestry Service is the use of aircraft and sensors to detect fires and areas vulnerable to fires. For fire suppression, the USFS uses aircraft which dump large amounts of water at one time on a specific fire.

--Green12

1. Name two biological communities that experience wildfires.
Two biological communities that experience wildfires include forests and deserts. Wetlands and grasslands also experience wildfires.

2. Describe the beneficial role of fire to an ecological community?
The beneficial role of fire to an ecological community is that it allows new vegetation to germinate. Disturbances such as fires can create new conditions that encourage some species and discourage others by releasing nutrients and creating unfilled niches. Surface fires burn away flammable ground material and help prevent future fires.

3. Define the term succession and describe what role it plays in the evolution of an ecological community. Is fire an example of primary or secondary succession? Support your reasoning.
The gradual change in species composition of a given area is ecological succession. Ecological succession plays a role in the evolution of an ecological community because some species may modify the community such as producing soil. Fire is an example of secondary succession because that would be in an area where the natural community of organisms has been disturbed, removed, or destroyed.

4. For one of the communities chosen above describe the 4 stages of ecological succession. Discuss the role (facilitation, inhibition, tolerance) of either a plant or an animal for each stage of succession.
For the community of a forest the four stages of ecological succession that would occur would be:
1. The appearance of simple plants
2. The pioneer plants die and decompose and begin to form soil in which other, more complex plants can begin to grow such as grasses and shrubs.
3. Plants from the early stages of succession also die, decompose, and contribute to the growing layer of soil. This process takes place over hundreds or thousands of years, however. Eventually, the soil is able to support more complex plants, such as larger shrubs and small trees
4. In the final stages of succession, taller trees begin to grow. They, in turn, block out the sunlight needed by smaller trees and replace them. The final stage of ecological succession is known as a climax community.

5. Describe one fire management technique and one fire suppression technique used today by the US Forestry Service.
One fire management technique is to set controlled surface fires. One fire suppression technique is tying fire line into natural barriers to reduce soil disturbance and other environmental impacts.
--Tiny Bopper

1. Name two biological communities that expierence wildfires.
A: The biological communities that expierence wildfires are forests, grasslands, wetlands, and deserts.

2. Describe the beneficial role of fire to an ecological community?
A: For a long time we have been taught to think of wildfires as uniformly bad, but now we are learning that fire plays an important part in maintaining a number of ecosystems. Fire has a beneficial effect upon soil. Burning increases the availabilty of calcium, potassium, and phosphorous in the soul. In addition fires kill diseases and insects that destroy the trees and plants.

3. Define the term succession and describe what role it plays in the evolution of an ecological community. Is fire an example of primary or secondary succession? Support your reasoning.
A: Succession is the coming of one thing after another in order, sequence, or in the cause of events. Succession plays a great role in the evolution of an ecological community. As environmental conditions change, they are replaced by others, and later these species may be replaced by another set of species. Succession can be brought by two ways primary succession or secondary succession. A fire would be an example of secondary succession because it is an event that causes a change in an established ecosystem.

4. For one of the communities chosen above describe the 4 stages of ecological succession. Discuss the role (facilitation, inhibition, tolerance) or either plant or an animal for each stage of succession.
1. Primary succession starts with simple plants, lichen or mosses.

2. When the simple plants die, they decompose and create soil for more complex plants can grow, such as grasses, small shrubs, and herbs.

3. Next step in succession plants die and contribute to the growing layer of soil. Soil will then help even more complex plants, such as larger shrubs and small trees grow.

4. The last stage of ecological succession is a "climax community" where taller trees begin to grow.



5. Describe one fire management technique and one fire suppression technique used today by the US Forestry Service.
A: One fire management technique a new thermal-imaging sensor developed by NASA Ames Research Center is making it easier for researchers to get accurate picture of the ongoing fires in Santa Barbara. This could ultimately save resources, property, and lives. One fire suppression technique used is a water-spraying apparatus, which is used to put out the wildfires.
--snoopy

1. Name two biological communities that experience wildfires.
Two biological communities’ impact wildfires are the chaparral biome as well as forests (less common in boreal forests). The chaparral climate is prevalent throughout coastal regions of California as are forests which is the main reason that the recent fires have been running so rampant in the area. Also, wetland ecosystems can be plagued by wildfires. Much of the growth in wetlands is very flammable if not saturated wit water. Saw grass and its constituents are very flammable and should be approached with caution during the winter months.
2. Describe the beneficial role of fire to an ecological community?
Fire allows a community to replenish itself. The existing trees and animals are killed and through succession new ones come about. Often times the old trees and animals that are past their prime need a means by which to be disposed and wildfires are the perfect means. They eliminate most of the species present and serve as a form of population control.
3. Define the term succession and describe what role it plays in the evolution of an ecological community. Is fire an example of primary or secondary succession? Support your reasoning.
Succession occurs when a natural disaster eliminates all or most of the habitat in a particular geographical area. It allows for species to become adapted to varied forms of plants being that the disasters more than likely eliminate those previously inhabiting the region. Fire is an example of secondary succession, everything burns and smells somewhat like science lab C due to the toxic waste present in the back refrigerator.
4. For one of the communities chosen above describe the 4 stages of ecological succession. Discuss the role (facilitation, inhibition, tolerance) of either a plant or an animal for each stage of succession.
For a plant- all the plants die, that is of course the precursor to this other stuff taking place, once that happens we can being…
Simple plants grow and then die due to weak, and non- nutritious soil.
The continued perishing of these small shrubs and plants overtime provides nutrients to the soil as they decompose and form a top layer
Soon some higher quality plants being to grow as the soil is now more fertile and can tolerate them
A few more years pass, with some more dead plants to continue replenishing the top layer, and then we get the climax community
Please be advised this is a slow and dull process taking upwards of 15 years in many cases
5. Describe one fire management technique and one fire suppression technique used today by the US Forestry Service.
Fire management techniques thermal sensors which allow the firemen to determine the fires hot spots and then act accordingly. These infrared cameras are also used to determine if any people or important animals are present within the fire stricken areas. Also, sometimes ditches are dug to contain a fire, and prevent it from spreading past a certain point where civilians may be. To suppress a fire people fly up in helicopters and dump water and sometimes if they are lucky, foam. The use of air support supplements the efforts taken by the people on the ground and furthers their capabilities.

--SaveTheWorld

1) Two biological communities that experience wild fire are forests and wetlands.

2) The beneficial role of a fire in ecological communities can include the creation of nutrient rich soil. Debris on a forest floor can be burned, allowing new vegetation room to grow and in addition, the burned forest debris adds nutrients to the soil.

3) Succession is defined as the periodic change or progression in furthering or limiting an ecological community. Succession’s role in an ecosystem is to keep it in equilibrium and balance. Once an ecosystem reaches its peak, succession returns it to stability. Fire is a secondary succession because a secondary succession is defined as an event that reduces the population of an already established ecosystem. As a community grows too large, a fire is inevitable as it can be a form of population control.

4) The four stages of ecological succession:
a) Simple, lower level plants begin to grow.
b) Eventually, these plants die and provide the soil with nutrients, allowing new, higher level plants.
c) The same process reoccurs, as these plants also die, add nutrients to the soil and allow even higher level plants to grow.
d) The ecosystem eventually reaches a point called the climax community, where relatively high level plants dominate the community.

5) Thermal imaging sensors are a form of forest fire management. This device allows firefighters and rescue teams to pin point the sources of the flames, allowing for faster control of the fire. Backfiring is a form of forest fire suppression; firefighters start small controlled fires to create a non-combustible gap between the fire and the unaffected portion of the forest.

--Pie

1. Name two biological communities that experience wildfires.
The biological communities that experience wildfires are forests, wetlands, grasslands, and deserts.
2. Describe the beneficial role of fire to an ecological community?
Fires can be beneficial to an ecological community. They create more food for wildlife because they clear the lands which allow new grasses to grow. Fires allow forests to regenerate because the ashes of the organisms that were burned serve as nutrients for the soil. The slash and burn method is a good example. Animal population control is another benefit of fires. Finally, the fires kill diseases and harmful insects that could kill other organisms.
3. Define the term succession and describe what role it plays in the evolution of an ecological community. Is fire an example of primary or secondary succession? Support your reasoning.
Ecological succession is the gradual change in species composition of a given area. Primary succession involves the gradual establishment of various biotic communities in lifeless areas where there is no soil in a terrestrial community of no bottom sediment in an aquatic community. Secondary succession is when a series of communities with different species develop in places containing soil or bottom sediment. All communities change their structure and composition in response to changing environmental conditions and the different types of successions categorize the different changes. Succession also introduces new species into ecological communities. A fire is an example of secondary succession because it disturbs, removes, or destroys the natural community, however soil or bottom sediment still remains.
4. For one of the communities chosen above describe the 4 stages of ecological succession. Discuss the role (facilitation, inhibition, tolerance) of either a plant or an animal for each stage of succession.
Succession in forests—
A. Primary succession commences and small plants begin to grow.
B. The small plants start to die and decompose and they contribute nutrients to the soil which, in turn, allow advanced plants to grow which is facilitation.
C. Then the new plants die and decompose which creates a layer of nutritious soil sediment.
D. New plants and trees begin to grow creating the forest which is the climax community.
5. Describe one fire management technique and one fire suppression technique used today by the US Forestry Service.

One fire management technique is by flying manned missions over the fire to map its location, hotspots, and the direction in which it’s spreading. The new thermal-imaging sensor makes it easier for researchers to receive an accurate picture of the ongoing fires. The key to suppressing a fire is to know the accurate position of it. A fire suppression technique is a water spraying tool that allows the firemen to put out the fire fairly easily.
--steve123

1. Name two biological communities that experience wildfires.

Two biological communities that experience wildfires are forests and grasslands.

2. Describe the beneficial role of fire to an ecological community?

The beneficial role of fire to an ecological community is its role in stopping more severe fires from forming. This occurs because a buildup of vegetation causes worse fires and if a minor fire occurs, then long-term, more severe fires would be prevented.

3. Define the term succession and describe what role it plays in the evolution of an ecological community. Is fire an example of primary or secondary succession? Support your reasoning.

Ecological Succession is, by definition, more-or-less predictable and orderly changes in the composition or structure of an ecological community. Basically, it refers to events that occur in a community that change the way it functions. Fire is an example of secondary succession. It is secondary because it is started by another event and subsequently reduces an established ecosystem. This process allows an ecological community to adapt to new circumstances and create a more dynamic environment.

4. For one of the communities chosen above describe the 4 stages of ecological succession. Discuss the role (facilitation, inhibition, tolerance) of either a plant or an animal for each stage of succession.

In forests, hardwood trees grow and cause increased shading of the floor. This increased shading of the forest floor facilitates the growth of other hardwoods and inhibits the growth pine-seedlings. However, the growth of the hardwoods causes the decline of the pine forest. In this example, the first stage, primary succession, occurs when the hardwood trees began to appear and increase in growth. The second stage is where the shading affects the growth of other plants. The third stage occurs when the hardwood growth prevents the growth of the pine seedlings. The fourth and final stage is where the hardwood growth causes the decline of the pine forest.

5. Describe one fire management technique and one fire suppression technique used today by the US Forestry Service.

A fire management technique used today by the US Forestry Service is the Fire Potential Index. The maps used by the FPI use satellite-derived information to assess the impact of vegetation on fire danger. It is also updated daily to reflect the dynamic weather conditions. A fire suppression technique used is by airplane. Members of the US Forestry Service use airplanes to fly over area suffering from wildfires and unload water onto the fires in an effort to weaken them.

--viv321

1. Two biological communities that experince wildfires are forests and wetlands.
2. Fire provides a beneficial role to an ecological community. Wildlife and plants depend on fire for their survival. A lack of periodic fires in the wildlife can result in a catastrophic wildfire. By trying to prevent a natural fire it results in larger damaging fires from the accumulation of flammable vegetation that results in property loss and damage, adverse health effects and impaired visibility from intense or extended periods of unmanageable smoke, loss of plant and animal species and their habitats and damage to soils and water quality. Also, using fire on national wildlife refuges, waterfowl production areas, national fish hatchery lands, and conservation easements is important for managing habitats that sustain migratory birds and other diverse wildlife populations.
3. Succession is the observed process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time. This plays a role in the diversity of species and allows one species in a community to replace other groups. There is primary succession which involves the gradual establishment of various biotic communities in lifeless areas with no soil. And there secondary succession which is when a series of communities with different species develop in places containing soil or bottom sediment. Fire is an example of secondary succession because its triggered by an event that reduces an established ecosystem to something smaller which is what a fire does.
4. Forests undergo four stages of ecological succession. 1. primary succession begins and little plants and weeds start to grow on the ground. 2. The plants then die and decompose and allow their nutrients to be taken up into the soil which allows other plants to grow which is know as facilitation. 3. The new soil begins secondary succession and the soil germinates. 4. New healthy forest plants and trees begin to grow, know as the climax community. Trees go resulting on climate community.
5. One fire management technique used by the US Forestry Service. Engineers have developed a new thermal-imaging sensor that can accurately map a wildfire's behavior and pinpoint hot spots. One technique for fire suppression is using a portable fire extinguisher. the P.A.S.S. method is used: Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep.
--Pink

1. Biological communities that experience wild fires are, forests, grasslands, wetlands, and deserts.
2. In the biological communities, fire can kill disease, harmful organisms, and rid underbruch that hinders plant growth. Wild fires also allow a forest to regenerate. A natural slash burn takes place replenishing the depeleted soil.
3. Succession is the process of change in the species structure of an ecoloical community over time.The role it plays in an ecological community is predictable and orderly in the change of composition and structure. It increases species diversity. Secondary is the ecological succession in an area in which natural vegetation has been removed or destroyed but the soil is not destroyed. Fire is an example of this because its process is started by an event that reduces an already established ecosystem to a smaller population of species.
4. There are four stages of ecological succession, the first begins with primary succession. Little plants grow on the forest floor. The next step, the plants die, decompose, and become rich nutrients for new communities. The following step requires that the new soil acts as the beginning of secondary succession as the soil begins to germinate. In the fourth and final step, healthy forests begin to grow with new trees and plants. This is know as the climax community.
5. One fire management technique is a thermal imaging sensor. This device was developped by NASA Arms Research Center. This device makes fire tracking and predicting easier. Although this device is still under construction, in the future, it will be able to save lives, homes, and resources. A technique that is used for fire supression is the fire fighter services. In most cases, a group of twenty or more men travel to fire in proper fire fighting vehicles. These men also opperate and use water spraying apparatuses. Helicopters are constanly circling above to supervise the fighters, making sure they don’t get lost or hurt. These helicopters also serve as water apparatuses as some are engineered to dump gallons of water on top of the fire.

--GoldenGopher

1. Two biological communities that may experience wild fires are forests and wetlands.
2. Wild fires are seen as beneficial because they help with population control. The debris from the dead animals and trees serves as nutrients for the soil. The soil is then used to create new vegetation and wild life. The slash and burn method, for example, is a way to regenerate the wild life species.
3. Ecological succession refers to the often series of changes in an ecological community over time after a disturbance. It plays the role of how things evolve in each community. A wild fire would be secondary succession because it is a process started by an event that decreases an ecological community.
4. The first step of ecological succession in a forest is primary succession, such as smaller plants growing on the ground. Next, these small plants die and their nutrients provide growth for more complex plants such as grass, herbs, and shrubs. After these more complex plants eventually die, they provide nutrients for even larger plants such as trees. Finally, the climax community is created after more and more trees and large plants continue to grow.
5. A fire management technique used by the U.S. Forestry Service is to keep track of plant growth before and after each fire. They also reduce flammable invasive plants which increases protection to human communities. The USFS also has thermal sensors which can easily tell them where a fire may begin. A suppression technique is simply pouring great amounts of water over fires from a helicopter or small airplane.

--ben folds

1.Name two biological communities that experience wildfires.
Two biological communities that experience wildfires are forests, grasslands, wetlands, and deserts.

2. Describe the beneficial role of fire to an ecological community? Wildfires are nature’s form of performing the slash and burn method. Wildfires help clear out underbrush, restore nutrients to the soil, and control populations of plants and animals by removing overgrown or unhealthy plants and animals.

3. Define the term succession and describe what role it plays in the evolution of an ecological community. Is fire an example of primary or secondary succession? Support your reasoning.
Succession, ecological succession, is the gradual change in species composition of a given area. New environmental conditions allow one group of species in a community to replace other groups. Primary succession is the gradual establishment of various biotic communities in lifeless areas without soil, and secondary succession is where a series of communities with different species develop in places containing soil. Fire is an example of secondary succession because the soil remains after everything gets burned down, and secondary succession begins in an area where the community of organisms was destroyed.

4. For one of the communities chosen above describe the 4 stages of ecological succession. Discuss the role (facilitation, inhibition, tolerance) of either a plant or an animal for each stage of succession. The first stage of succession is when pioneer or early succession al species arrive and attach themselves to rocks. An example is lichens and mosses. Facilitation is what makes it easier for other species to move in. In forests, lichens start the soil formation process. Third, the midsuccessional plant species such as herbs, grasses, and low shrubs replace the species. Lastly, as the trees grow, new plants that can tolerate shade emerge. Trees can also inhibit plants from growing with sunlight.

5. Describe one fire management technique and one fire suppression technique used today by the US Forestry Service. One fire management technique is a new thermal-imaging sensor which makes it easier to get an accurate picture of fires. One fire suppression technique used today by the US Forestry Service is aircrafts which can pick up water from nearby bodies of water and dump it on the fires
-hershey

1. Name two biological communities that experience wildfires.
Forests, especially forests that have experienced a buildup of growth due to decades of over-zealous fire prevention, and wetlands, especially during times of drought, can experience frequent wildfires.

2. Describe the beneficial role of fire to an ecological community?
Small and more constant fires actually maintain an ecological equilibrium by preventing an accumulation of undergrowth and therefore preventing truly devastating, large fires. Fire can also play a beneficial role by clearing taller trees and allowing shade-intolerant trees to grow and flourish. In addition, fires can also aid certain trees in their reproductive process. Finally, fires can revitalize the soil by recycling key nutrients from trees back into the soil.

3. Define the term succession and describe what role it plays in the evolution of an ecological community. Is fire an example of primary or secondary succession? Support your reasoning.
Ecological succession is the process by which ecosystems change and develop over time. The perpetual nature of ecological succession makes it possible for ecosystems to adapt to changing conditions. Fire is an example of secondary succession because fire disrupts ecosystems that are already in place. Fire, by itself, cannot create a completely new habitat where one did not exist before.

4. For one of the communities chosen above describe the 4 stages of ecological succession. Discuss the role (facilitation, inhibition, tolerance) of either a plant or an animal for each stage of succession.
An example of secondary succession in a wetland begins with the gradual accumulation of sediment in deeper areas of fresh water. As sediment continues to accumulate, rooted and submerged plants like pondweed and stalwart are able to grow. These plants continue to lower the water depth and facilitate the arrival of more plants, like the yellow iris, which grows in relatively shallow water. As water levels gradually drop, willow, alders, and cedars may arrive. These trees inhibit the further growth of the submerged, swamp plants by reducing the water level. The plants intolerant of these lower water levels are replaced by slow-growing trees such as oaks, which eventually dominate the ecosystem.

5. Describe one fire management technique and one fire suppression technique used today by the US Forestry Service
In a collaboration with NASA, the US Forestry Service have developed thermal imaging sensors that can be used to track fires. In combination with an unmanned aerial vehicle, this information is of crucial importance in fire suppression, as it enables firefighters and managers to respond quickly and efficiently to fires. The US Forestry Service also uses this imaging data, in combination with historical records and other information about past fires, to manage the aftermath of fires and to predict the outbreak of new fires.

--tim

1. These answers came straight out of the articles so if anyone answered it incorrectly they did not read the articles at all. I believe everyone answerred it right.
2. This answer also came straight out of the article, but Pink gave a rather fantastic answer. He/she incorporatd all the different ways and with a very in depth answer.
3. This answer came straight out of the article too but Steve123 gavea rather in depth and well written answer. It provided more examples and reasons than any other response.
4. The stages of ecological succession are rather similar for the different ecosystems and therefore everyone answered it very precidely.
5. Everyone answered this question perfectly because they are thinsg we have definatley heard about.
--Pisces

1. Everyone named the two basic answers, forests and grassland, but people also expanded on their answers and named wetlands and deserts.
2. Many people mentioned that fires on the litter layer can actually prevent large fires but not many people mentioned why. This is because the flammable material on the top of the soil is burned away so that a larger fire is prevented.
3. The definition of succession came right from the text book. Everyone mentioned that the role that succession played in evolution was the changing of species and the old species disappearing for new species to come in. Everyone classified fires as secondary succession.
4. There were many different answers for this question. The majority of the students chose either forests or wetlands. The more detail the better!
5. There were a variety of answers which shows that everyone really knows how to prevent or stop a fire.
--Tiny Bopper

1. The best answer for this was to list all the communities which was forests, grasslands, wetlands, and deserts.
2. It's important to mention that fires allow the communities to regenerate. Another important component is that fires kill the harmful bacteria or organisms that were deteriorating the ecological community.
3. Defining the three different types of succession was necessary for this question. These definitions came from the textbook.
4. This answer varies because it depends on which community the individual chose. However, it seems that the majority answered this question in detail.
5. A common answer for this answer was the NASA technique which is a good answer. It seems that everyone understood this answer! Way to go guys!
--steve123

1. Most everybody answered the question nicely. Some people even expanded upon these locations by listing wetlands and deserts.
2. Many people mentioned that fires allow topsoil to burn away and make way for new plants to grow. It was important for people to mention this part of the question as it highlights some of the good fires can do.
3. Textbook definition. Most people did a good job of answering these questions.
4. The majority of the people who answered this question did a good job of explaining in detail whichever community they chose.
5. Everybody answered this question correctly.
--Doc

1. Mostly everyone answered this question similarly. The most common answers were forests, deserts, wetlands, and grasslands.
2. Tim wrote about an ecological equilibrium, proving that fires help to maintain this equilibrium that will in turn prevent larger more devastating fires. This is true because when the surface litter builds up, it allows for a chance to have a more devastation and lasting fire, because it has more to burn.
3. Mostly everyones included that it aids in species diversity. Everyone agreed that fire is an example of secondary succession because it is in an area that is already existing, thus fulfilling the requirements to be in secondary succession.
4. Vivi321 mentioned that in the forest the hardwood trees provide shading for the smaller, thus faclilitating growth for other trees of its kind. This added information heightened the quality of the information. It provided specific detail into the workings of succession.
5. Pink mentioned an interesting invention, the P.A.S.S. mechanism, meaning, pull, aim, squeeze, and sweep. This is a fire extinguisher and thus helps to supress or maintain an on going fire.
--Starfruit117

1. In responding to question one, many students gave excess information and listed more than the required two biological communities.
2. Ben Folds did not answer the question. In his response, he avoided answering the questions. However unlike Ben Folds Hershey adequately answered the question.
3. Everyone defined the terms correctly and was able to support there reasoning for the second portion of the question.
4. Everyone despite their very different answers and examples were able to incorporate the key terms into their answers.
5. Everyone used very similar answers that came straight from the articles.

--tim

1. Everyone answered this question correctly because it was straight from the first website. The popular answer was wetlands, forests, deserts and grasslands.
2. Many people spoke about how fire is beneficial through the slash and burn method, which is completely correct. Pink makes a valid point saying that the fire helps maintain species and balancing the biodiversity of a community.
3. Everyone answered the definition correctly saying that it is a gradual change in a species. Also fire is an example of secondary succession. People had some different answers to support their reasoning behind it.
4. Most people used the forest as there community, and they used plants, instead of animals. Many people had similar answers, however some people did not include the explanation of facilitation.
5. Many people wrote about the thermal imaging sensor and water hose. Most people answered this question correctly.
--hibleaker

1. Everyone answered this question correctly because it was straight from the first website. The popular answer was wetlands, forests, deserts and grasslands.
2. Many people spoke about how fire is beneficial through the slash and burn method, which is completely correct. Pink makes a valid point saying that the fire helps maintain species and balancing the biodiversity of a community.
3. Everyone answered the definition correctly saying that it is a gradual change in a species. Also fire is an example of secondary succession. People had some different answers to support their reasoning behind it.
4. Most people used the forest as there community, and they used plants, instead of animals. Many people had similar answers, however some people did not include the explanation of facilitation.
5. Many people wrote about the thermal imaging sensor and water hose. Most people answered this question correctly.
--hibleaker

1. Everyone seemed to answer this question correctly with either wetlands, forests, or grasslands.
2. Steve123 had a very detailed answer and noted each beneficial fact about from killing the diseases to producing new foods.
3. Everyone answered these questions correctly because they were basically vocabulary terms. Hershey, however, gave specific examples.
4. Everyone seemed to answer this correctly also, and pink had a simple and easy-to-understand step by step process.
5. Green12 and hibleaker gave very specific answers from different fire departments. Great job everyone!
--ben folds

1. While we all got this answer correct, some of us forgot to read the question because the question only asked for 2 ecosystems.
2. We all understood that fire is important in the nutrient cycles in the soils. We can not forget that in many cases fires are natural occurances and have natural reasons for existing. These natural reasons could include population control or even nutrient recycling.
3. We all understood the definition and we all got that fire was a secondary succession due to the fact that the soil remains intact as opposed to something like a lava flow where the soil is destroyed.
4. We all seemed to use forests and most of us understood the steps taken before the forest can returned to normal. Some of us got very fancy and mentioned climax community and pioneer plants.
5. We all seemed to understand the technologies used and some of us got very detailed and should earn bonus points for specifically explaning how each technology is used and when they are used. Also, it is important to note the difference between fire management, and fire supression (stopping a fire)
--Green12

Have to agree with green12, but on antoher note chapparal is an ecosysterm that is vastly underrepresented, so please help the casue (chapparal conssits of a very small portion of the world's ecosystems).
2. Fire is the best, has anyone ever utilized a can of WD-40 to make a blowtorch, I heard its fun? On another note fires control popualtions and allow communities to regenerate. Seems that everyone got that correct.
3. Fire is seondary succession in that it does nto destroy all of the soil. A volcano destroys everythign in its path and is very relentless in its pursuit of the soil.
4. Forests are good examples and helicopters are good to mention as they are relatively new technology that help in fighting fires.
5. Good work everyone. Fire suppression using a water hose is somewhat inadequate, for fighting fires yow should use a Helitanker.

--SaveTheWorld

1. those who added more then just 2 ecosystems went further into the discussion, which is what we want :]. everyone answered correctly with forests, wetlands etc.
2. All answered that fires get rid of debri etc. and allow for the regeneration of new soil. I agree that Pink gave a good answer.
3. All answered correctly by giving the definition of succession and noting that fire is a secondary succession.
4. Many talked about forests as one of their communities but Tim chose the wetland which was different. Good answer.
5. Everyone got this answer right by mentioning the thermal sensor and extinguisher. We know how to stop fires, wooohooo!

-rilokiley

1. Everyone answered this question correctly. However, some people went into more detail and named more than two ecosystems that experience wildfires, such as snoopy.
2. Everyone gave a general answer to this question. I like Steve123 gave a thorough answer describing different methods and the ways in which fire helps other species in the ecosystem.
3. Once again, Steve123's answer is very detailed. It explains succession, primary succession, and secondary succession. The answer went beyond what was being asked.
4. Most people used forests for their communities. Tinybopper's answer included more detail about the steps of ecological succession for forests.
5. Everyone answered this question correctly. Hibleaker's answer described more thoroughly the fire managing technique develped by NASA, the thermal-imaging sensor.
--beluga

1. Most people provided a sufficient answer to this question. However, Green12 went above and beyond by not only noting which communities exist, but also which communities are the most vulnerable. SaveTheWorld gave a very detailed answer as well.

2. Snoopy explained this subject very thoroughly and steve123 gave an excellent example through the slash and burn method which shows a complete understanding of this question.

3. Pisces talked about substrates which was great. Also, most people fully answered what was being asked.

4. Many people used forests as their example of a biological community. Hibleaker, however, included very pertinent information about the climax community that not many people did. Good work!

5. Pink was very original in discussing the P.A.S.S. method because she one the only one to do this. But, everyone else answered the question correctly as well.

--viv321

1. I liked everyone's answer to this question. Many people listed more than one community that is affected by wildfires. I especially liked Green12's answer to this because they stated which communities were the most vulnerable.

2. I agree with everyone who talked about the slash and burn method and how fires help control species population and disease control. I think hibleaker made an accurate response to this quesiton.

3. Most people fully answered this question. I really liked Cake's detailed response. They went into full detail about succession and how fires are part of secondary succession.

4. Mostly everyone chose forests as their example. And many people included all of the accurate steps incuding the climax community as Red did.

5. There were many accurate answers to this question. I really liked Cake's extremely detailed answer that not many people had.

--Bluedog16

1. Although the question only asked for two communities, many people included more. savetheworld had a very detailed answer.

2. There were many correct answers to this question. It was important to include the slash and burn method in the answer, but snoopy had a good answer as he explained the points that needed to be put accross.

3. For the most part everyone answered this question correctly. I liked steve123's answer as well as hershey's because they went into depth in their answer.

4. For the most part everyone chose forests as the biological community, and explained the steps to a climax community.

5. many people chose the thermal image sensor and the water sprayer as two of the techniques to help put out wildfires.
--$

1. Everyone seems to have adequately mentioned this answer, as it came directly from the readings.
2. I think this is an important question, because it clears up misconceptions about fire. Again, everyone did well answering the question.
3. This was another important question which shows ecosystem processes. I liked Ben folds response.
4. I think that this question was overlooked, as many people discussed forests.

5. I think this answer was answered well, as it came directly from the readings.
--Red

1. This answer came straight from the article.
2. Steve123 had a good answer with an explaination of slash and burn.
3.Cake's answer was very detailed.
4. Almost everyone used the forest example.
5. Pink was the only person who mentioned the P.A.S.S method
-hershey

1. Looking at all the responses everyone answered the question correct. Many people listed more than two communities that is affected by wildfires.

2. There were a number of different answers to this question. I thought an important beneficial role of fire that was not mentioned is it increased calcium, potassium, and phosphorous in the soil.

3. Everyone got this answer straight from the text book. Everyone came to the conclusion that fire is a secondary succession.

4. Majority chose to talk about the Forest community and explained the steps clearly.

5. Most people mentioned the technique developed by NASA which is one of the correct answers.
--snoopy

1. Everyone seems to have the correct answer since it is according to the article.
2. I think this is an interesting question because many of us dont know how important and essential fire is in our lives.
3. I liked Cake's response to this question because it very in dept and gives examples to help us understand.
4. For this question everyone basically used either forests or plants as their example.
5. Everyone answered this question correctly but some people got more detailed by mentioning the PASS method and NASAs thermal sensor.
-- Pink

1. Ok, so I definitely misunderstood question one. I see now from everyone else's answers that mine should have been something more along the lines of "Biological communities that experience wild fires are, forests, grasslands, wetlands, and deserts."
2. The universal agreement for this question seems to be that fires beneficially clear, restore, and contol the environment.
3. I agree with everyone that fire would be an example of secondary succession because they occur only in areas with established soil or bottom sediments; in other words, they are assisted.
4. I like how many people chose to break this question into four separate parts.
5. Though pretty much everyone mentioned NASA for this part, I learned from TinyBopper that one fire management technique is to set controlled surface fires.
--Cake.

1. For the most part, everyone had the same answers. They put either forests, deserts or wetlands.
2. Peoples answered were similiar. This question was good because it allowed for people to see the benefits of the fires, verses what the news portrays as negative. People put that is naturally replenished the soil.
3. I agree with people that put it down as secondary succession because this process is started by an event that reduces an already established ecosystem to a smaller population of species. People got the definition from the book and mostly interpretted it as secondary.
4. Everyone had the same response, listing the four steps. Some people took different approaches and listed them verses taking paragraph form. I would have taken this approach to see each step more clearer.
5. One item i would hav added was not only did helicopters drop water, but so did planes. I would have also discussed the portable fire extuingishers used by the ground fire fighters and the PASS method as mentioned by Pink.
--GoldenGopher