Findings
Hypothesis 2
Hypothesis 2 stated that technical, professional and administrative staff in municipalities in their early birthand growing stages will perceive significantly less gap in actual versus desired norms of Task Support than their counterparts in municipalities that are more than twenty years of age.
A t-test of differences in means was used to measure the statistical significance of differences in culture gap scores on Task Support between staffs in community development and planning department in municipalities that are in their early birth and growing stages and those that are more than twenty years of age. Table 6 shows results of means scores of actual norms, designed norms, and culture-gap of the younger/growing cities and the older/mature cities.
As shown in table 5, the desired norms means score of young/growing cities is 6.7273, the actual norms means score of young/growing cities is 5.6364, and the culture-gap means score is 1.0909. The desired norms means score of older/mature city is 6.8000, the actual norms means score of older/mature cities is 5.4667, and the culture-gap means score is 1.3333.The results of t test are shown in table 6, and are interpreted as follows:
The result shows a t value of -.451. The critical value (CV) is ±2.000 at an alpha (a) of .05 (Jaccard 1997, 562), and p value of .654. Since the probabilities are greater than the level of significance at 0.05, the t-test results show that the technical, professional and administrative staff in municipalities in their early birth and growing stage do not perceive significantly less gap in actual versus desired norm of Task Support than their counterparts in municipalities that are more than twenty years of age. Thus, the null hypothesis of no difference cannot be rejected and the study hypothesis 2 is not supported.
Kilmann-Saxton Interpretation of Culture-Gap Score in Task Support
An analysis of the culture-gap score of younger/growing cities and older/mature cities using the guidelines presented earlier by Kilmann-Saxton indicates Task Support, with the averaged scores +1.0909 of the young/growing city and the averaged scores +1.3333 of the older/mature city are not considered as significant culture-gaps. According to Kilmann-Saxton, culture gap scores in excess of +2 must be reported for there is to exist a significant problem. Neither culture gap score is sufficiently in excess of +2 for management to be concerned. A score of +1 suggests an insignificant Culture-Gap. A score of +2 is borderline (Kilmann-Saxton 1997, 16).
Hypothesis 3
Hypothesis 3 stated that technical, professional and administrative staff in municipalities in their early birthand growing stages will perceive significantly less gap inactual versus desired norm of Task Innovation than their counterparts in municipalities that are more than twenty years of age.
A t-test of differences in means was used to measure the statistical significance of differences in culture gap scores on Task Innovation between staffs in community development and planning department in municipalities that are in their early birth and growing stages and those that are more than twenty years of age. Table 7 shows results of means scores of actual norms, designed norms, and culture-gap of the younger/growing cities and the older/mature cities.
As shown in table 8, the desired norms means score of young/growing cities is 6.5152, the actual norms means score of young/growing cities is 5.3636, and the culture-gap means score is 1.1515. The desired norms means score of older/mature city is 6.9000, the actual norms means score of older/mature cities is 5.4333, and the culture-gap means score is 1.4667.The results of t test are shown in table 8, and are interpreted as follows:
The result shows a t value of -.523. The critical value (CV) is ±2.000 at an alpha (a) of .05 (Jaccard 1997, 562), and p value of .603. Since the probabilities are greater than the level of significance at 0.05, the t-test results show that the technical, professional and administrative staff in municipalities in their early birth and growing stage do not perceive significantly less gap in actual versus desired norm of Task Innovation than their counterparts in municipalities that are more than twenty years of age. Thus, the null hypothesis of no difference cannot be rejected and the study hypothesis 3 is not supported.
Kilmann-Saxton Interpretation of Culture-Gap Score in Task Innovation
An analysis of the culture-gap score of younger/growing cities and older/mature cities using the guidelines presented earlier by Kilmann-Saxton indicates Task Innovation, with the averaged scores +1.1515 of the young/growing city and the averaged scores +1.4667 of the older/mature city are not considered as significant culture-gaps. According to Kilmann-Saxton, culture gap scores in excess of +1 must be reported for there is to exist a significant problem. Neither culture gap score is sufficiently in excess of +2 for management to be concerned (Kilmann-Saxton 1997, 16).
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