n[u;kd; kw;Wk; INuhg;gpa

jkpourd;

Kjd; Kjypy; fj;Njhypf;f kjk;jhd; ,d;iwa Gjpa gioa ghrprr; FOf;fSf;F mbg;gilahd "Antisemitismus" (nrkpbf; vjpu;g;G) a+j vjpu;g;ig KO INuhg;gpa ehLfspYk; fpwp];jt cyfpYk; tpijj;jd. neg;Nghypadpd; gilvLg;Gtiu a+jg; ngz;fs; jk;Milapy; a+j milahsj;ij ,l;Lf;nfhs;sTk; a+jMz;fs; jk; jiyapy; kQ;rs; epwj; njhg;gp mzpAk;gbAk; fl;lhar; rl;lq;fs; a+j kf;fisj; jdpNa gpupj;J milahsk; fhl;l Nghg;ghy; gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l rl;lq;fs; ,j;jhypapy; epytpd. 1808,y; neg;Nghypadpd; ,j;jhypg; gilnaLg;gpd; gpd;G ,it ePf;fg;gl;ljhapDk; gpd;G kPz;Lk; 1814,y; Nghg; Pius VII mr;rl;lq;fis nfhz;L te;jhd;. n[u;kdpapYk; neg;Nghypadpd; gilnaLg;gpd; gpd;Ng a+ju;fl;F Kjd;Kjypy; rkcupik toq;fg;gl;lJ. fj;Njhypf;f kjj;ijg; NghyNt kuGtopf; fpwp];jtk;> Gul;l];jhe;J kjq;fSk;> a+j vjpu;g;ig gy E}w;whz;Lfshfj; njhlu;e;J te;jd. Gul;l];jhe;J kjr; rPu;jpUj;jthjp khu;l;bd; Y}ju; fpq; Kjy; ,d;iwa gpd;etPdj;Jtthjpfs; Gfo;e;Njw;wpj; jpupAk; ePl;Nr (Nietzche) <whf jk; nrkpl;bf; vjpu;g;Gf;fspy; Cwpj;jpisj;jikapd; %yk; a+j vjpu;g;Gf;Fk; gpw;fhyg; ghrprj;Jf;Fk; n[u;kdpapy; murpay; ehw;WNkil jahupj;Jf; nfhLj;jdu;. ghrprj;jpd; mofpaiy tbtikj;Jj; je;jtDk; ePl;Nrjhd;. mtd; ûbermenschen (mjpcau;kdpjd;) gw;wpg;Ngrpdhd;. "Des Hôheren und des Niederen mensch" "cau;e;j kw;Wk; jho;epiykdpjd;" gw;wpa ePl;Nrapd; fUj;jpay;fs; ghrprj;Jf;Fk; mjd; rpj;jhe;jthjpfspy; xUtDkhd Rösenberg (Nuhrd;Ngu;f;) kw;Wk; Franz Schauwecker (gpuhd;]; rht;ntf;fu;) Nghd;NwhUf;F cjtpd. rpj;jhe;j mbg;gilfisf; fl;likf;f toptpl;ld.

njhopyhs tu;f;f rpe;jidia fhu;y; khu;f;]; tsu;j;njLj;jikapd; njhlu;r;rpapy; n[u;kdpapd; Kjy; njhopyhs tu;f;f mikg;ig y];yhy; njhlf;fpitj;jhu;. gpd;G r%f [dehaff;fl;rp (SPD)apd; ngd;];ild; (Benstein) > gTy;rpq;fu; (Paul Singer) > tpf;lu; Ml;yu; (Victor Adler) kw;Wk; 1918 Gul;rpapy; Nuhrh Yf;rk;Ngu;f;Fld; gq;Nfw;w ypNah Nahfp];r]; (Leo Jogisches), fhu;y; ulhf; (Karl Radak) cl;gl midtUk; a+j mbiar; Nru;e;jtu;fs;. n[u;kdpapy; Rje;jpu gaz; (Freistaates Beyern) gpufldg;gLj;jpa $u;l; I];du; (Kurt Eisner) ,q;Fk; a+j kugpNyNa te;jtu;. ,tiur; Rl;Lf; nfhd;;w ghrpr ,uhZtj;jpd; md;nuhd; fpuht; Mu;f;Nfh (Anton Graf Arco) nrhd;dhd; "I];du; xU Nghy;];tpf;. mtu; xU a+ju;. mtu; n[u;kdpau; my;y. mtu; jd;id n[u;kdpauha; czu;tjpy;iy. mtu; xU ehl;Lj; JNuhfp" md;W tsu;f;fg;gl;L ,Ue;j ghrpr czu;Tf;F ,J milahskhFk;. u];ahtpy; nuhl;];fp> fkNdt;> [pNdhyPt; Nghd;NwhUk; Nghye;jpy; njhopyhs tu;f;f ,af;fj;ij njhlf;fpitj;j Yl;tpf; thwpd;];fp (Ludwik Warynski) Nghd;NwhUk; rpWghd;ikahd xLf;fg;gl;l a+j r%fq;fspy; ,Ue;J te;jtu;fNs. vdNt rfy Kjyhspj;JtthjpfSk; ghrp];LfSk; gioa a+j vjpu;g;ig GJg;gpg;gjd;%yk; ciof;Fk; kf;fspd; If;fpag;gl;l> jkf;F vjpuhd Gul;rpfis rpijj;J tpl Kad;wdu;. ,uz;lhk; cyfAj;jk; a+j vjpu;g;G> Mupa Nkyhz;ikf; Nfhl;ghLfspy; njhlq;fp rfy kf;fisAk; mopf;fKad;W jhNd mope;J gl;lJ. vdpDk; gpd;Gk; mJ n[u;kdpapy; cs;@u; Kjyhspfspd; JizNahLk; Vfhjpgj;jpaq;fspd; mutizg;NghLk; jd;idg; Gdu; epu;khzk; nra;J nfhz;lJ.

n[u;kdpapy; ,uz;lhk; cyfAj;jk; gpd;ghf Köln efupy; cs;@u; murpay;thjpahf ,Ue;J Xa;Tngw;w goikthjpahd Nfhd;uhl; Mbd;Xtu; (Konrad Adenuer) Kjyhspa rf;jpfshy; Kd;Df;F nfhz;Ltug;gl;lhd;. 1949 nrg;nlk;gu; 15 Nju;jypd;gpd;G CDU, CSU, FDP Nghd;w fl;rpfNshL DP vd;w ghrprf; fl;rpAk; ,ize;J Nkw;F n[u;kdpapy; Gjpa muR cUthdJ. mNj khjk; 26k;jpfjp nfhd;uhl; Mbd;Xtu; ehrpfl;F nghJkd;dpg;G toq;Fk; $l;lj;ijf; nfhz;L te;J ehrp muR ,ae;jpuj;ijr; Nru;e;j 792 196 ghrp];Lfl;F kd;dpg;G toq;fpdhd;. ,jd; %yk; ghrprk; jdf;Fj;jhNd kd;dpg;Gk; kW mq;fPfhuKk; toq;fpf;nfhz;lJ vd;gNjhL kWgbAk; nfhk;a+dpr kw;Wk; a+j tpNuhjq;fl;fhf mzp fl;lg;gl;ld. n[u;kdpapy; ghrprj;ij Mjupj;j fj;Njhypf;f mikg;gpd; jiytdhd Köln efiur; Nru;e;j fu;jpdhy;-gpwpq;]; (Kardinal - Frings) mnkupf;f mjpgUf;F tpLj;j gfpuq;f Ntz;LNfhspy; nfhk;a+dprj;jpd; ‘rptg;G nts;sj;ij’ jilnra;a ehrpfl;F nghJ kd;dpg;G toq;fg;gLtJ mtrpak; vd;whd;. 1948,y; ehrpfspd; gaq;futhjj;Jf;F vjpuhff; Fiwe;jJ 85 000 tof;Ffs; njhLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;W ghjpg;Gf;Fs;shdtu;fs; kw;Wk; ghrpr vjpu;g;Gr; rf;jpfs; gupe;Jiu nra;j NghjpYk; 7 000 Ngu; tprhupf;fg;gl;L rpy E}WNgUf;F kl;LNk Fiwe;j gl;r jz;lidfs; gyj;j cyf epu;g;ge;jq;fl;F ,ilapy; toq;fg;gl;L ,Ue;jd. 5 243NgUf;F kuz jz;lid tpjpj;j> toq;ff; fhuzkhd 577 ehrp fhy ePjpgjpfs;> mur jug;G tof;fwpQu;fs; vtUk; jz;bf;fg;gltpy;iy vd;gNjhL ehrp fhy ePjpj;Jiw> nghyp];> ,uhZtk;> csTj;Jiw> ghrprf; fl;rp egu;fs; cl;gl rfyUk; Nritapy; <LgLj;jg;gl;ldu;. n[u;kdpa ,uhZtkhd Bundeswehr ehrp fhyg; ghrpr ,uhZtj;jpd; ];igly; nfsrpq;fuhYk; (Speidel - Heusinger), csTj;Jiwahd BNDahdJ ghrpr csTj;Jiwapd; (Cehlen) Nfnfy;d; ePjpj;Jiw (Schlage Felbings) rpyhf gPg;spq;]; MYk; Gduikf;fg;gl;ld. Mbd; Xtupd; muRj; Jiwr; nrayhsuhf ,Ue;jtd; epa+nud;Ngu;f; efupy; ,aq;fpa ehrp fhy Mupa ,d Ma;T kw;Wk; ,dj; J}a;ikf;Fg; nghWg;ghapUe;j FNshg;f; (Globke) vd;w ghrp];l; MFk;. ,g;gbahf Nkw;F n[u;kdpahdJ %u;f;fkhd a+j> nfhk;a+dpr tpNuhjq;fNshLk; ghrprj;jpd; mutizg;NghLk; gpwe;jJ. kW mtjhuk; vLj;jJ.

CDUtpd; neUq;fpa re;ju;g;gthjf; fl;rpahd FDPapd; Kf;fpa jiytu;fspy; xUtdhd yhk; ];Nlhu;t; (Lamps Dorff) 1952-1953 fhyfl;lq;fspy; M`d; efupd; FDP jiyikapy; ,Ue;jNghJ ehrp SS,d; jiytd; Ntzu; ng];l;Lf;F (Werner Best) nghJkd;dpg;G toq;fNtz;Lk; vd;W Nfhupf;iftpl;lhd;. ,e;j Ntzu; ng];l;Lf;F fPNoNa ghrp];l; ghJfhg;G mikg;ghd Reïchssicherheitshauptamt ,aq;fpaJ. ghrp];l; gaq;futhj murpd; nf];lg;Ngh (Gestapo), rprfdw; nghyprha; (Sicherheit polizei) vd;gd ,tdpd; fl;Lg;ghl;bNyNa ,Ue;jd. a+j kf;fs; Nkyhd mopg;igj; jpl;lkpl;L nraw;gLj;jpa SDapd; jiytuhd uapd;fhl; ifl;upr; (Reinhard Heydrich) ,tdpd; fPNoNa nraw;gl;lhd;. n`hyz;l; rpiwapy; ,Ue;j kw;nwhU ghrp];l;lhd Antoine Tousul rpiwapypUe;J jg;g Lambsdorff ,lkpUe;J cjtpNfhUksT ,UtupilNaAk; neUf;fk; epytpaJ. ,e;j Lambsdorffjhd; ,d;W ehrp fhy fl;lha Ntiyfl;fhd el;l <L Nfl;L a+ju;fspd; mikg;Gfs; njhlu;e;Js;s tof;Ffl;F vjpuhf ehrpfhyj;jpy; a+jkf;fis fl;lha mbik ciog;gpy; <LgLj;jp nghUs; Ftpj;j n[u;kdpapd; ngUk; epWtdq;fSf;F Mjuthf thjhl SPDahy; epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;s eguhFk;.

1950k; Mz;LfspNyNa n[u;kdpapd; ngUk; ghrpr epWtdq;fshd JG-Farben, Des Flick-Konzerns vd;gd kPz;Lk; MAj cw;gj;jpapy; <Lglj; njhlq;fptpl;ld. ghrpr ePjpj;Jiwapd; (Staatssekretär im Justizministerium) gaq;futhjp Cart Rothernberg,w;F Aj;jfhy el;l <lhf 190 000DM gzKk; 1962tiu khjh khjk; 2073,18 DM Xa;t+jpaKk; toq;fg;gl;lJ. n[u;kdpapy; cs;s fpl;lj;jl;l xU kpy;ypad; gioa ghrp];Lfl;F my;yJ mtu;fsJ FLk;gq;fl;F khjhe;jk; 1300 Kjy; 3000tiuapyhd njhif khjhe;j Xa;t+jpakhf toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,j;jhypapy; cs;s ehrp fhy SS gaq;futhjpfl;F Deutsche Renten (n[u;kdpa Xa;t+jpak;) Mf khjhkhjk; 600 000 lire (Rkhu; 600DM) n[u;kdpapy; toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ypj;JNtdpahitr; Nru;e;j 1500f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l ehrp SS gaq;futhjpfl;F khjhe;j Xa;t+jpak; toq;fg;gl;L tUfpwJ. ,tu;fNs Nehu;Nt> nld;khu;f;> nfhyz;l;> gpupl;ld;>gpuhd;];> ngy;[pak;> x];jpupah> gpd;yhe;J> RtPld; Mfpa ehLfisr; Nru;e;j gioa ghrp];Lfl;F n[u;kdpa murpd; Xa;t+jpak; toq;fg;gl;L tUfpwJ. ,tu;fNs ,e; ehLfspy; Gjpa ghrprf; FOf;fSf;F Mju;rkhfTs;sdu;.

1966,y; Gz;l]; fhd;rpyu; (Bundes Kanzler) MftpUe;j fPrpq;fu; (Kiesinger) 1974-1982tiu Gz;l]; fhd;rpyuhf ,Ue;j Nfy;%l; rpkpj; (Helmut Schmidt) n[u;kdpa muRj; jiytuhf ,Ue;j upr;ru;l; nghd; itNrf;fu; (Richard Von WeizSäker) Nghd;NwhUk; ehrpfspd; ,uhZtk; kw;Wk; muR ,ae;jpuq;fspy; ,Ue;J te;jtu;fNs. ePz;lfhykha; Gz;l]; fhd;rpyuhf ,Ue;jtDk; jw;NghJ Coy;fspy; khl;bAs;stDkhd nfy;Kl; Nfhy;> ghrpr ,isQu; mikg;ghd Hitler Jünger,y; ,Ue;J te;jtNd.

"Hamburger Ehrenbürger" (fk;Ngu;fd; kupahijf;Fupa gpuir) gl;lKk; Strasberg,y; "Einer der Grossen und Verdienstvollsten Europäer" vd;w cau;e;j INuhg;gpau; gupirg; ngw;wtDkhd (my;gpul; rp. nlg;gu; (Alfred C. Toepfer) xU gioa ghrp];l; Mthd;. 1995,y; Aachen efupy; mur cau;tpUjhd Bundesverdienst Kreuz ghrp];l; SS cj;jpNahfj;jdhd fhd;]; Vu;d;]; rpNdlu;f;F (Hans Ernst Schneider) toq;fg;gl;lJ. ,j;jhypapy; 335 ghrpr vjpu;g;Gg; Nghuhspfis Rl;Lf;nfhd;w vupr; gpupg;f (Erich Pribke) Mu;[d;Bdhtpy; xspj;J tho;e;jNghJ mq;fpUe;j n[u;kd; J}juhyak; mtdJ flTr;rPl;il njhlu;r;rpahfg; GJg;gpj;J te;jJ. 1942,y; nrf;Nfhrpythf;fpahtpy; 92Ngiuf; nfhd;w Fw;wj;jpw;fhfTk;> gpuhd;rpy; Oradour sur Glane,y; elj;jpa gLnfhiyfl;fhfTk; fpof;F n[u;kdpapd; Nrhrypr murhy; jz;lid tpjpf;fg;gl;L rpiw itf;fg;gl;L ,Ue;j ghrp];l; ifd;]; ghu;j; (Heinz Barth) n[u;kdpa ,izTf;Fg; gpd;du; 1997,y; tpLjiy nra;ag;gl;lhd;.

kWGwk; n[u;kdp> ghrprj;Jf;F vjpuha;g; Nghuhba Mapuf;fzf;fhd nfhk;a+dp];Lfs;> kdpjhgpkhd mikg;Gfs;> a+j kf;fspd; ghrpr vjpu;g;Gf; FOf;fs; ahtw;iwAk; js;sp tpl;L Strauffenberg, Haeften, Olbricht Nghd;w fpl;yUf;nfjpuhf mjpfhug; Nghl;b fhuzkha; rjp Kaw;rpfspy; <Lgl;l fpl;yupd; a+j mopg;gpYk; rfy kdpjg; gaq;futhjq;fspYk; Nru;e;jpUe;j ghrp];LfNs fpl;yupd; ru;thjpfhuj;Jf;F vjpuhd Nghuhspfsha; n[u;kdpahy; nfhz;lhlg;gLfpwhu;fs;. cjhuzkha;> 1944 a+iyapy; fpl;yUf;F vjpuha; Fz;Litj;j Strauffenberg ru;thjpfhuj;Jf;F vjpuha; Nghuhbatdha; epidT $ug;gLfpwhd;. ,tDk; ghrp];Nl. ehrpg; gaq;futhjj;jpy; ,Wjptiu gq;Nfw;wtNd. cz;ikahd ghrpr vjpu;g;Gg; Nghuhspfshd Vu;nd];l; Njy;khd; (Ernest Thalmann), tpy;nfk; gPf; (Wilhelm Pieck) Nghd;Nwhu; n[u;kdpa tuyhw;wpd; ,Ul;Lf;Fs; tplg;gl;ldu;.

nfhk;a+dp];Lfs; Nky; ntspg;gilahd kw;Wk; a+j ,d kf;fs;Nky; kiwKfkhd xLf;FKiwfs; n[u;kdpahy; Vtg;gl;lJ. nfhk;a+dp];Lfs; NkYk;> mtu;fspd; MjuTr; rf;jpfs; NkYk; fpl;lj;jl;l 150 000 Nkw;gl;l tof;Ffs; ,Jtiu njhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. vd;fpwJ Heinreh Hannover, Rolf Grössner ,UtiuAk; mq;fj;jtu;fshff; nfhz;l Fspu;fhy Aj;jj;jpd;NghJ n[u;kdpa ePjpj;Jiwr; nraw;ghLfs; gw;wp Muha;e;j FO. 1951-1968tiuahd fhyj;jpy; kl;Lk; 10 000f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l tof;Ffs; nfhk;a+dp];Lfs; Nky; Nghlg;gl;ld. 1932,y; n[u;kdpag; ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; 3tJ ngupa fl;rpahfTk; 100 ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdu;fisAk; 287 000 fl;rp cWg;gpdu;fisAk; nfhz;bUe;j nfhk;a+dp];l; fl;rp ghrp];Lfspd; mopj;njhopg;gpd; gpd;G nfhd;l;uhl; Mbd; Xtuhy; jil nra;ag;gl;L ngha; tof;Ffs; Nghlg;gl;ld. ‘nfhk;a+dp];l; fl;rpj;jil’ia vjpu;j;jikf;fhf 1935-1945tiu ehrpfspd; Buhenwald nfhiy Kfhkpy; Siemens epWtdj;jpy; fl;lha mbik ciog;gpy; <LgLj;jg;gl;ltuhd Krut Bachmann kPz;Lk; n[u;kdpapy; rpiwj; jz;lidf;F cl;gLj;jg;gl;lhu;. a+j mbiar; Nru;e;j ,tu; jdJ Jiztpia mT];tpl;];-er;RthAf;$lj;jpy; gwpnfhLj;jtu;. 1969,y; kPz;Lk; KPDia njhlq;fpatu;. 1946,y; "Racha" vd;w a+j mikg;GkPJ a+j kf;fis nfhiy nra;j ghrpr n[duy;fs; nfhiy Kfhk; nghWg;ghsu;kPJ nfhiy Kaw;rpapy; <Lgl;ljha; mjd; ghrpr vjpu;g;Gg; Nghuhspfs; ifJ nra;ag;gl;ldu;. Nahrg; fhu;kl;l]; (Joseph Hamatz), iyg;f Bnly; (Leipke Dietel) Nghd;w ghrpr vjpu;ghsu;fs;kPJ tof;Fj; njhlug;gl;lJ. gok; ngUk; ghrpr vjpu;g;Gg; NghuhspAk; nfhk;a+dp];Lkhd Prof Dr. Siegwart Horst, Nahrg; fhu;kl;]; (GJoseph Harmatz), mur mtJ}W nra;jjhy; 1995a+d; ifJ nra;J nghyprhuhy; jhf;fg;gl;lhu;. 1999a+dpy; mtu; Nky; tof;Fj; njhlug;gl;Ls;sJ. ,tu; ehl;Nlh gaq;futhjpfshy; ypgpah a+Nfh];yhtpah Nghd;w ehLfspy; mZf; fjpupaf;fk; cila cuhd; Fz;Lfs; (Urane Munition) ghtpj;jikia mq;F nrd;W Ma;Tfs; elj;jp ntspf;nfhz;L te;jtu;. ,tUk; a+ju;fSf;fhd jLg;G Kfhkpy; ghrp];Lfshy; rpiw itf;fg;gl;L capu; jg;gpatu;.

Gjpa ehrp ,af;fq;fspd; Njhw;wk;.

ghrprk; rhu;ghd mjidg; NgZk; rf;jpfs; epuk;gpa murpay; r%fr; #oy;fspy;jhd; Gjpa ehrpf; FOf;fs; tsu;e;J ngUfpd. 1931,y; Njhd;wpa Stalhelm vd;w mikg;NghL 1952,y; Wiking Jugend (tpf;fpq; Anfd;l;) capu;ngw;W "Kampf gegen der bolcheweismus" Nghy;];tprj;Jf;F vjpuhd Nghiug; gpufldk; nra;jd. Helfgemeinschaft für Nationale Politische Gefangene (,e;j mikg;G rpiwg;gl;Ls;s ghrp];LfSf;fhfg; gpur;rhuk; nra;jJ. Wehrport Gruppe Hoffmann (ntau;];Nghl; F&g;g nfht;khd;) MAjNke;jpa ghrprf; FOTk; ,aq;fpd.

1960f;Fk; 1970fspYk; Vuhskhd Gjpa ghrpr mikg;Gfs; Njhd;wpd. MUT der Front Soldat, Ring christe iche, Demokratischer Studentes, Jungenbünd Adler, Freiheitlichen Rat, NPD vd;gd ,aq;fpd. ,jpy; MUT md;iwa n[u;kdpapd; Ngau;z; khepy CSU,d; fyhr;rhu mikr;ruhd fhd;]; khau; (Hans Maier) mDruizNahLk; der Front Soldat n[u;kdpa ghJfhg;G mikr;ruhapUe;j kd;gpwpl; Ntzu; (Menfred wörner) CDUtpd; gpd;Gyj;jpYk; Student vd;w ghrpr mikg;G Beyern khepyj;jpd; ed;F mwpag;gl;l ghrp];l; Kjy; ke;jpupahd gpuhd;]; Nahnrt; ];wT]; (Franz Josef Strauss) CSU cjtp xj;jhirNahLk; ,aq;fpd.

1975-1980k; Mz;L gFjpfspy; Bundes Heimettreuer Jugend (BHJ) vd;gitNahL Die Republikaner mikg;G gioa SS- gaq;futhjp ghrp];l; gpuhd;]; Nrhz;Nfhguhy; (Franz Schönhuber) gioa ehl;Nlh ml;kpuy; b Fd;lu; (D. Günter) MjuNthL 1986,y; Beyern Nju;jypy; ,wq;fpaJ. ntspehl;lhu; vjpu;g;ig gpujhdg;gLj;jpaNjhL ntspehl;lhu; vapl;]; Nehiaf; nfhz;L tUtjhy; ntspehl;lhUf;F fl;lha vapl;]; Nrhjid elj;jg;glNtz;Lk; vd;wJ. Mdhy; n[u;kdpapd; vapl;]; Ma;Tg;gpupT n[u;kdpa ghypay; Rw;Wyhg; gazpfNs vapl;ir nfhz;L te;J gug;Gtjha; kjpg;gpl;lJ) murpay; jQ;rj; J\;gpuNahfk; ntspehl;ltUf;F thf;fspf;Fk; cupik ,y;iy Nghd;w RNyhfq;fisAk; gpujhdg; gLj;jpaJ.

rfyjpYk; Kf;fpakhd fl;rp NPD ,J 1964,y; njhlq;fg;gl;L 1966/1967 Baden würettenberg Nju;jypy; 9.8% thf;Ffisg; ngw;wJ. ,ijg; gpd;dpUe;J ,af;fpa ghrp];Lfshd vl;fhu; if];> vu;tpd; Nrhz;Nghd;> kpirNay; $dd; vd;Nghu; Kf;fpakhdtu;fs;. Muk;gj;jpy; ,jd; Kf;fpa jiytuhf jw;Nghija DVU,d; jiytuhd ghrprg; gpd;Gyd;fisf; nfhz;l Gerard Frey ,Ue;jhd;. ,JNt gaq;futhj ghrprf; FOf;fSld; njhlu;G nfhz;L ,Ue;jJ. ,jd; ,isQu; mikg;G Jungen Nationaldemokraten Deutsche Stimme, White Power vd;w gj;jpupiffisf; nfhz;Ls;sdu;. Die Auschwitz Lüge ‘mT];tpl;]; ngha;’ vd;w a+jkf;fSf;F vjpuhd ghrpr ntspaPlhf 100 000 Gj;jfq;fs; ntspaplg;gl;ld. ,J Auschwitz vd;w a+j kf;fis mopj;j rpj;jputijf; $lq;fs;> er;RthAf;$lq;fs; vd;gd epytNt ,y;iy vd;W rhjpj;jd. mit ‘mTl;];tpw;]; ngha;’ vd;W tuyhw;iwg; Gul;bd.

1972,y; ,Ue;J NPDAld; njhlu;Gila Studenten Schlesein fpof;F n[u;kdp> Rtp];> ,j;jhypapd; Südtrirol> x];upah> Nghye;J> nrf;Nfh];ythf;fpahtpd; gFjpfis cs;slf;fpa Nkw;F n[u;kdpapd; jiyikapyhd kpfg;ngUk; je;ijapd; ehLgw;wpg; Ngrpdu;. 1987,y; Deutche Volks Union (DVU), Beyern khepyj;jpy; cs;s Mûnchener Verlag vd;w ntspaPl;L epWtd cupikahsDk; NPDapd; jiyikapy; ,Ue;jtDkhd Gerhard FreyMy; njhlq;fg;gl;lJ. Schlesische Jugend Rin Freiheitlicher Studen Kamred Junger Deutsche Volksgenosse Patrioten für Deutchland Europaischer Arbeiter Partei vd;gitAk; ,aq;fpd. Kamerad Junge Deutscher Volksgenosse n[u;kdpau;fs; fUf;fiyg;G elj;Jtij vjpu;j;jJ. tUlh tUlk; 800 000fUf;fiyg;Gfs; elg;gjhAk; ,jdhy; kpy;ypad; fzf;fhd n[u;kdpa kf;fs; njhif ,of;fg;gl;Ltpl;ljhAk; mNj rkak; ntspehl;ltu; kj;jpapy; Foe;ij gpwg;G tpfpjk; mjpfupj;J tUtjhfTk; gpur;rhuk; nra;jJ. n[u;kdpapy; thOk; Mrpa Mgpupf;f ehLfisr; Nru;e;j rpy ntspehl;L kf;fs; gpuptpduplk; FLk;gj; jpl;lkply;> FLk;gf; fl;Lg;ghL vd;git INuhg;gpa kf;fs; Nghy; mDl;bf;fg;glhtpbDk; mtu;fsplk; Foe;ij gpwg;G tpfpjk; tPo;r;rpaile;Nj te;jJ. 1984,y; 28%khf ,Ue;j Foe;ij gpwg;G tpfpjk; 1989,y; 20%khff; Fiwe;jpUe;jJ. Hamburg,y; ghrprf; FOf;fs; efu kl;lj;jpy; kl;Lk; ,aq;fpd. Hamburger Kampf Gegen Auslander Integration und Asylschwindel Nghd;w mjpjPtpu tyJrhup kw;Wk; ghrprk; ,ize;j %u;f;fkhd ntspehl;lhu; kw;Wk; mfjpfs; vjpu;g;G ,af;fq;fs; ,aq;fpd.

n[u;kdpaupd; ,aw;ifahd tho;tplk; ntspehl;ltu;fs;> a+ju;fs;> nfhk;a+dp];Lfs; vd;gtu;fshy; mopf;fg;gLtjhAk; ,tu;fshy; #iwahlg;gl;l jiyKiw ehk; vd;w gpur;rhuq;fSk; n[u;kdpa J}a;ik thoj; jFjpaw;witfis mopg;gJ vd;w ghrp];Lfspd; Nfhrq;fisAk; kPl;ldu;. a+j kf;fspd; ehrp fhy fl;lha ciog;G Kfhk;fisAk; gLnfhiyfisAk; epahag;gLj;Jk; a+ju;fspd; tho;tplk; ,dj; J}a;ikg;gLj;Jk; gpuNjrq;fs; vd;W ngaupl;ldu;.Ngu;ypdpy; cUthfp tUk; a+j kf;fSf;fhd epidTf; $l;lj;Jf;F vjpuhf KOg; ghrpr ,af;fq;fSk; ,ize;J Nationales Aktionbünnis, Frier Kamerad Schaften vd;w mikg;Gfspy; jpuz;Ls;sdu;. n[u;kdpapd; ,lJrhup Ma;T kw;Wk; ntspaPl;L epWtdkhd Das Hamburger Institüts Für Sozial forschung n[u;kdp KOtJk; elhj;jp tUk; ehrp ,uhZtj;jpd; mopT kw;Wk; Aj;jf; Fw;wq;fs; gw;wpa fz;fhl;rpahd Vernichtungs Krieg Verbrachen der Wehrmacht 1941-1945 vjpuhf murpay; kw;Wk; Cu;ty epfo;r;rpfis n[u;kdp KOtJk; rfy ghrprf; FOf;fSk; ,ize;J elhj;jp tUtNjhL nfhiyg; gaKWj;jiyAk; tpl;L tUfpd;wd. ,e;j Ma;T ntspaPl;L epWtdk; Saarbrucken efupy; elhj;jpa fz;fhl;rpiaAk; 1999 khu;r;rpy; Fz;L itj;Jj; jfu;j;jdu;;

,ijtpl ghrp];l; &Nlhy;t; n`]; (Rudolf Hess) fpl;yu; Nghd;Nwhupd; epidT ehisAk; n[u;kdpapd; gpujhd efuq;fspy; murpaw; $l;lq;fs;> Cu;tyq;fs; %yk; nfhz;lhbdu;. 12 khu;r; 2000,y; fpl;yu; x];jpupahit Mf;fpukpj;j 12 khu;r; 1938 epidTehisAk; x];jpupahtpd; Gjpa ghrp];l; iflUf;F (Haider) jk; $l;Lwitj; njuptpj;J ‘ehk; midtUk; xNu kf;fs;’vd;W Ngu;ypdpy; Cu;tyk; nra;jdu;. Beyern,d; PDS Ngr;rhspAk; <uhdpa Njrj;jtUkhd rPkh Nrhu;f;A (Sima Sorgyu) ‘nfhk;a+dpr tpgr;rhup’ vd;W gopf;fg;gl;lNjhL Beyern ,d; kw;nwhU PDS ghuhSkd;w ngz; cWg;gpduhd <th Gy;ypq; RNwhlUf;Fk; (Eva Bull) nfhiyg; gaKWj;jy; tpLf;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ. PDS jiytuhd fPrp (Gysi) mtuJ a+jg; gpwg;Gf;fhf gopf;fg;gLfpd;whu;. (PDS - fpof;F n[u;kdpapd; Kd;dhs; nfhk;a+dp];l; fl;rp)

Gjpa ehrpf; FOf;fs; fpof;F n[u;kdp fhyj;jpy; mjd; Kf;fpa gjtpfspy; ,Ue;j a+j mbiar; Nru;e;jtu;fs;kPJ ghrprj; jhf;Fjy;fs; njhLj;jdu;;. fpsT]; fPrp (Klaus Gysi) fyhr;rhu mikr;ru; ghrpr vjpu;g;Gg; Nghuhsp. fpwp];jt rkak; gw;wpa Ma;tpw;Fg; nghWg;gha; ,Ue;jtu;. fpof;fpd; ghrpr vjpu;g;G fiy tbtq;fs; gytw;iw cUthf;ff; fhuzkhf ,Ue;jtu;. khu;f;f]; Nthy;t; (Markes wolf) Stassi vd miof;fg;gLk; csTj;Jiwf;Fg; nghWg;ghapUe;jtu;. ,tUk; gioa ghrpr vjpu;g;Gg; Nghuhsp 2k; cyfAj;jk; gpd;ghf ehrpf; Fw;wthspfisj; Njbg;gpbj;jjpy; ngUk;gq;F tfpj;jtu;. fpof;F n[u;kdpd; murjug;G tof;fwpQuhAk; gpd;G ePjp mikr;ruhAk; ,Ue;j fpy;l; ngQ;rkpd; (Hilde Benjamin) gpuhq;Nghl; khu;f;rpaf; FOtpy; ,Ue;j Nty;l; ngQ;rkpdpd; rNfhjuupd; kidtpahtu;. ,tupd; Jiztu; a+jmopg;G Kfhkpy; nfhiy nra;ag;gl;l gpd; ,tu; kl;Lk; jg;gpg; gpioj;jhu;. SFD vd miof;fg;gLk; fpof;fpd; nfhk;a+dp];l; fl;rpapd; jfty; nra;jpj; njhlu;Gfl;Fg; nghWg;ghapUe;j my;Ngu;l; Nehu;ld; (Albert Norden), vOj;jhsu; ];Bgd; Nfu;k;spd; (Stehen Hermlin) cl;gl a+j gpwg;ig mbg;gilaha;f; nfhz;ltu;fis ,opTgLj;Jk; vjpu;g;Gg; gpur;rhuq;fs; rfy ghrprf; FOf;fsplKk; cs;s nghJthd mk;rkha; fhzg;gl;lJ. ‘ntwpnfhz;l nfhk;a+dp];l;’ (Fanatische Kommunisteten) rptg;G fpy;l; (Rote Hilde) vd;Nw ghrpr vOj;Jf;fs; Heide Benjamin Fwpj;J vOjpd. nfhk;a+dprk; a+ju;fspd; rjp vd;W gpur;rhuk; nra;jd.

ghrpr ,irf;FOf;fs; kw;Wk; ];fpd;n`l;];

n[u;kdpapy; 1999 kjpg;gPl;bd;gb 93 ghrpr ,irf;FOf;fs; cs;sd. Blood Hanouer Hammer skins Kraft durch froide Geachte Faustrecht Gestapo Die Zillertamler Nlf;fd; N[fu; Herrenrasse mein bester kamerad Helden für Deutchlande Die Deutschen Kommen Gegen den untermenschen Germania Sieg wird unsersein vd;gd Nghd;w gytpj ghrpr ,irf; FOf;fs; ,aq;Ffpd;wd. 1970fspy; KISS vd;w ,irf;FO Kjypy; Gjpa ghrprf; FOf;fspd; MjuNthL ,aq;fpaJ. md;iwa fhyk; Pop, Beat, Rock ,irfs; gpugy;akha; ,Ue;j fhyk;. vdNt ghrp];Lfs; kf;fis mila md;iwa ,irg;Nghf;FfisAk; jkf;Fg; gad;gLj;j Kad;wdu;. KISS ,irf;FOtpd; urpfu;fs; vd;w Kiwapy; Kiss Armee vd;w ghrpr mikg;G 10 000 cWg;gpdu;fisf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. ,tu;fs; jkf;nfd;W ghrprf; fyhr;rhuj;ij (Nazi Cult) cUthf;fpdu;. ghrpr milahsq;fSldhd Milfs; ngy;l; rq;fpypfs; vd;gtw;iw mzpe;jdu;. nfhk;a+dpr tpNuhjj;Jf;Fg; ngau;Nghd Axel Springer epWtdk; ,tu;fl;fhd ntspaPLfisAk; ,irfisAk; ntspapl;lJ. mj;NjhL Skinhead FOf;fSk; ghrpr ,irf; FOf;fNshL xd;W fye;J ,Ue;jd. Skinhead FOf;fs; Njhd;wf; fhuzkhd mikg;G gpupl;ldpy; 1960,y; Modernist vd;w ngaupy; ,aq;fpaJ. ,jpypUe;J Mods vd;w mikg;Gk; ,jpypUe;J gpd;G skinhead FOf;fs; Njhd;wpd. ,itfs; Rocker FOf;fSf;F vjpuhf nray;gl;ld. Skinhead,d; xUgpupT Hard Mods vd;w ngaupYk; ,aq;fpd. ,itfspd; rpjwypy; ,Ue;J National Front gpwe;jJ. 1970fspy; n[u;kdpapy; Hamburg, Berlin Nghd;w efuq;fspy; Skinhead FOf;fs; cUthfpd. ,it gFjpaha; Punks vdg;gLk; `pg;gpfis xj;j FOf;fspy; ,Ue;Jk; cWg;gpdu;fisg; ngw;Wf;nfhz;ld. Sektion Berlin, Blood & Hanouer. ,itfNshL ngz;fspd; Skinhead mikg;Gfshd Skinheadgirl Frauenkreis Deutschland Mutter Kind Brauchtum Germanentum Nghd;witAk; n[u;kdpapd; Kf;fpa efuq;fspy; ,aq;fpd. ,g; ghrpr mikg;Gf;fs; jkf;nfd Skin-Kult nfhz;bUe;jd. Springerstiefel vdg;gLk; ,uhZtj;jpdu; mzptij xj;j Kul;Lr; rg;ghj;Jfs; Bombe jacke vdg;gLk; nkhj;jkhd Nkyhilfs; ghrpr SS milahsq;fs; ,itfis mzpe;jdu;. fpl;yupd; kpd;dy; Ntf Aj;jk; (Blitzkrieg) a+j kf;fspd; ,wg;ig ieahz;b nra;Ak; Auschwitz Jerk> ghrpr milahsq;fshd Hakenkreuz, Totenkopf Nghd;w jiyg;Gfspy; ghrpr ,irf;FOf;fs; ghly;fisg; ghbdu;.

Skinhead FOf;fSf;F vjpuhf ,lJrhupfs; Redskins, Sharp Rock, Gegen Rechts Nghd;w FOf;fis ghrpr ,irf; FOf;fSf;F vjpuhf cUthf;fpdu;. ,lJrhupfSk; kdpjhgpkhd mikg;GfSk; ,af;fq;fis elj;jpaNghJ 1980k; Mz;Lfspy; ghrp];Lfs; epwntwpj; njd;dhgpupf;f muir Mjupf;Fk; Hilfs Komitee Sudliche Afrika vd;w mikg;igj; njhlq;fp nts;is Mgpupf;fhTf;F MjuT nfhLj;jdu;. Weiss Waren Immer die besten Krieger (nts;isau;fs; vg;NghJk; rpwe;j Nghu;tPuu;fs;) vd;W epwntwpg; gpur;rhuk; nra;jdu;. ghrpr MjuT cijge;jhl;l urpfu; FOf;fshd Borussen Front, Hooligann, Hertha BBC vd;gdTk; ngUk;gFjp cijge;jhl;l urpfu;fs; kj;jpapy; gyk; ngw;W tpsq;fpd. ,it ahTk; jkf;fhd nfhbfs; epwk; Milfs; vd;gtw;iwf; nfhz;bUe;jd.

ghrprg; gj;jpupiffs; mfjpfis ,opTgLj;Jk; Asylanten, Schienasylanten, Wirtschaftsasylante, Kriminell easy lanten Nghd;w nrhw;fisAk; nghJthf ntspehl;ltu;fisf; Nftyg;gLj;j Auslanderflu+ (ntspehl;lhu; nts;sk;) FbNaw;wthjpfspd; miy Mgpupf;f Mrpa Mf;fpukpg;G a+ju;fs; Judensau Geldjuden vd miof;fg;gl;lNjhL nfhk;a+dp];Lfs; Neger freund (fWg;gu;fspd; ez;gd; vd;w nghUspy; ,J nrhy;yg;gLfpwJ. Rot terror (rptg;Gg; gaq;futhjp) vd;W ehkfuzk; ,lg;gl;ldu;.

Gjpa ehrpf; FOf;fspd; gaq;futhj eltbf;iffs;

1999k; Mz;L ,Wjp kjpg;gPl;bd;gb n[u;kdp KOtJk; 53600 Ngu; Gjpa ghrprf; FOf;fspy; mq;fj;jtu;fshf cs;sdu;. a+j vjpu;g;G kw;Wk; ntspehl;ltu;fs;> ,lJrhupfs;> mq;ftPdu;fs; ,tu;fs; Nkyhd jhf;Fjy;fis Gjpa ehrpf;FOf;fs; elhj;jp tUfpd;wdu;. 1993,y; a+jkf;fspd; Nkyhd clypay;uPjpahd jhf;Fjy;fs;> mtu;fspd; rtr;rhiy> topghl;blq;fs;> fyhr;rhu epiyfs; Nkyhd 652 td;Kiwr; rk;gtq;fs; ,lk;ngw;wd. ,J KiwNa 1994,y; 802> 1997,y; 2800Mf mjpfupj;jjha; n[u;kdpapd; Fw;wj; jLg;Gg; gpupthd BKA mwpf;if nrhy;fpwJ. 1991,y; 13 ntspehl;ltu;fs; Gjpa ghrp];Lfshy; nfhy;yg;gl;ldu;. 1992,y; nkhj;jk; 42 nfhiyfSk; 1993,y; 53 nfhiyfSk; 1994,y; 33 nfhiyfSk; ,lk;ngw;wd. n[u;kdpa ,uhZtkhd Bundeswchr 1998,y; kl;Lk; 320 jlitf;F Nkyhf ntspehl;ltu;fs; a+j vjpu;g;G eltbf;iffspy; <Lgl;lJ. ,jpy; 20%khdtu;fs; ,uhZtj;jpd; cau;gjtpfl;F cupatu;fs; - 1995,y; 53Ngu; ehrp eltbf;iffspy; <Lgl;ljha; ePjpkd;wj; jz;lid ngw;wdu;. ,it KiwNa 1994,y; 64NgUk; 1993,y; 43NgUk; 1996,y; 56NgUk; 1997,y; 110NgUk; jz;lid tpjpf;fg;gl;ldu; my;yJ ePjpkd;wq;fshy; tprhupf;fg;gl;ldu;. 1999 xf;Nlhgu; khjj;jpy; fpof;F n[u;kdpapy; cs;s INuhg;ghtpNyNa kpfg; ngUk; a+ju;fspd; rtr;rhiyahd "Der Judische Friedhof" - Berlin Weissancee,y; 103 epidTf;fw;fs; Nrjg;gLj;jg;gl;ld. mjpy; Bertolt Brecht (Ngu;Nuhy;l; gpnu/f;l;),d; epidTr; rpd;dKk; xd;whFk;. ahtw;wpYk; ehrpr; rpd;dKk; tiuag;gl;lJ.

n[u;kdpapd; Njrpathj tyJrhup murpay;thjpfs; xt;nthU Nju;jy; rkaj;jpYk; ntspehl;ltu;fs; mfjpfs; gpur;ridfs; gw;wp tpthjq;fis jtwhky; fpsg;gpdhu;fs;. CDU, CSU, FDP, SPD vd;W ve;j murpay; fl;rpAk; ,jw;F tpjptpyf;fy;y. ,g;NghJ gjtpapy; cs;s SPDapd; Gz;l];fhd;rpyuhd Schröder "Kriminalle Auslander, Raus und zwar schnell" (Fw;wthspfshd ntspehl;lhu; cldbahf ntspNaw;wk;) vd;gjha; vupAk; n[u;kd; ngUe; Njrpathj ghrpr tpruhl;lj;jpw;F cUNtw;wpdhd;. 1994,y; vfpg;jpy; eilngw;w cyf kf;fs; njhif rk;ge;jkhd khehl;by; n[u;kd; gpujpepjpaha; fye;Jnfhs;s epakpf;fg;gl;l Charlotte Höhn (rhu;nyhl;Nlh Nfd;) "Mgpupf;fu;fs; kw;iwa kf;fistpl Fiwthd Gj;jpf;$u;ik cilatu;fs;" vd;W gj;jpupifahsu;fSf;F nrhd;dhd; CSUtpd; murpay;tho;T nfhk;a+dpr vjpu;g;G> ntspehl;ltu; vjpu;g;G ,itfisNa mbg;gilaha; nfhz;lJ. Gjpaehrpfs; "Mupa kdpjd;" gw;wpg;Ngrp Voll jüden (KO a+jd;) Halb jüden (miu a+jd;) Vietel jüden (fhy; a+jd;) Nghd;w fpl;yu; fhy ,dj; J}a;ikf; Nfhl;ghLfis mjd; GijFopAs; ,Ue;J kPz;Lk; Njhz;b vLf;fpd;whu;fs;.

n[u;kdpa nghJrd Clfq;fs; ehrpfis Traumtänzer (fdT eldf;fhuu;) Spinner (fpWf;fu;) Verüchtte (cs eykw;wtu;) vd;W Nfhgg; ghtidapy; nry;yk; nfhQ;Rtjw;F Nky; nry;Ytjpy;iy. Mdhy; ,lJrhup MAjg; Nghuhl;l ,af;fq;fshd RAF, AZ vd;gd gaq;futhj ,af;fk;> jPtputhjpfs; vd;gjha; tir ghlg;gl;ld. Gjpa ghrpr ,af;fq;fs; xUNghJk; gaq;futhj ,af;fq;fshf kjpg;gplg;gLtJ/vOJtJ fpilahJ.

n[u;kdpf;F ntspNaahd Gjpa ghrpr mikg;Gfs;

x];jpupah - ,q;F fpl;yUf;F Kd;Ndhbahf ,Ue;jtu;fs; "Deutschen Fortchrits Partei" iar; Nru;e;j Georg Ritter von schönerer (1842-1921) mj;NjhL christlich Sozialen Partei,d; Karl Lueger (fhu;y; YVfu;) ,UtUk; Mtu;. mj;NjhL fj;Njhypf;f kj mbg;gilapyhd gykhd a+j vjpu;g;Gthjk; mq;F ghrprg; Nghf;Ffl;F mbg;gilaha; ,Ue;jJ. ,d;iwa FPO - Haider,d; ghrprf; fl;rp 1970fspy; Bruno KreiskyMy; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lJ. ,tu;fs; a+ju;fs; ntspehl;lhu;fs; mw;w x];jpupah> n[u;kdp> cs;spl;l "ngUk; n[u;kdp" gw;wpg; Ngrpdhu;. FPO,d; ,d;iwa Haider ehrp ,uhZtkhd Deutschen Wehrmart,d; gioa ghrp];LfspilNa ngUk; nry;thf;Fg; ngw;Ws;shd;. ehrp ,uhZtk; Fw;wthsp my;y. khwhf xU ,yl;rpaj;Jf;fhfg; Nghuhb ghjpf;fg;gl;l tPo;e;j uhZtk; vd;W nrhd;dNjhL a+ju;fspd; Auschwitz xj;j Kfhk;fs; rpj;jputij kw;Wk; nfhiy Kfhk;fsy;y khwhf ed;dlj;ijf;fhd> Fw;wkpioj;j a+ju;fisj; jpUj;Jtjw;fhd Kfhk;fNs vd;W ghrpr tpsf;fk; je;jhd;. fpl;yupd; muR xOq;Fk; fl;Lg;ghLk; nfhz;lJ vd;W ghrprj; JzpNthL Ngrpdhd;. ,tdpd; mikg;igtpl "Bejuwarische Befreiungs armee" Nghd;w ghrprr; FOf;fSk; gytpj skinhead FOf;fSk; ,aq;Ffpd;wd. n[u;kdpapy; ,aq;Fk; mNj FOf;fs; ,q;Fk; nraw;gLfpd;wd. Bejuwarisch Befreiungs armee 25f;F Nkw;gl;l fbjf; Fz;Lfis a+ju;fs;> ntspehl;lhu;fs;> ,lJrhupfs;> ntspehl;lhu; MjT murpay;thjpfs; Nghd;NwhUf;F mDg;gpaJ. 4 nfhiy> 2 nfhiy Kaw;rp 21 Ngu; fhak; milar; nra;jJ. Gjpa ehrpfs; 5.2.1995,y; 4 Nuhkh ,d kf;fisf; Fz;L itj;Jf; nfhd;wNjhL me;j ,lj;jpy; "Roma Züruck Indien" (Nuhkh ,e;jpahTf;Fj; jpUk;G) vd;w ml;iliaAk; tpl;Lr; nrd;wdu;. 1980-1992 x];jpupahtpd; Gz;l]; fhd;rpyuhf ,Ue;j Waldheim gioa ehrp n[u;kdpapd; muRj; jiytdhf ,Ue;j Richard von weizsaker cld; xd;wha; Deutschen Wehrmacht ghrpr ,uhZtj;jpy; ,Ue;jtd; - gpw;fhyj;jpy; fz; Jilg;G tprhuiz ehlfq;fspy; jdpg;gl;l Fw;wq;fs; VJk; ,y;iy> fl;lisfis kl;LNk epiwNtw;wpdhd; vd;W tpLjiy nra;ag;gl;lhd;.

Rtp]; - jdJ tq;fp %yjdj; jpul;lYf;F Mjuthd ru;tNjr Coy; ru;thjpfhupfs; khgpahf;fspd; gzf;Ftpay;fl;fhd gJq;F Fopahf ,Ug;gjhy; mJ ve;j ehl;LlDk; njhlu;G nfhs;sf;$ba eLepiy Ntlk; fl;bahLfpwJ. vdpDk; mjd; Mjp%yk; ghrprj;Jld; njhlu;GilaNj. 1941,y; Schweizer 'A'rztemission vd;w ngaNuhL itj;jpau;fs; jhjpkhu;fs; mlq;fpa FOitAk; Freiwillingen vd;w ngaupy; NghuhLk; FOf;fisAk; ehrpfs; rhu;gpy; Nghupl Nrhtpaj;jpd; ngaupy; fpof;Fg; Nghu;Kidf;F mDg;gpaJ. 1945-1946fspy; a+ju;fsplkpUe;J nfhs;isaplg;gl;l ngUe;njhifahd jq;fk; rl;ltpNuhj topfspy; Rtprpy; Eioe;jJ. rfy ghrp];LfisAk; jk; ngUk; nry;tq;fis tq;fpfspy; gJf;fpdu;. 1941-1945fspy; FNuhrpahtpy; fj;Njhypf;fg; ghrp];Lfspd; (Ustasche) muR Nru;gpau;fs; a+ju;fsplkpUe;J nfhs;isapl;l jq;fj;ij Rtp]; Clhf tj;jpf;fhDf;F flj;jg;gl;lJ. a+ju;fspd; gLnfhiy Kfhkpy; kdpjg; gupNrhjidfs; elhj;jpa nrQ;rpYitr; rq;f flTr;rPl;by; njd;mnkupf;fhTf;Fj; jg;gpr; nrd;w Dr Josef Mengel RtpRf;F jd; tpLKiwf;F jilapd;wp te;J nrd;whd;. n[u;kdpapYk; x];jpupahtpYk; ,aq;Fk; ngUk;gFjp ghrpr FOf;fs; ,q;Fk; ,aq;Ffpd;wd.

];ngapd; - ,q;F Armagedon, The third Position Nghd;w Gjpa ghrprf; FOf;fs; cl;gl gytpj skinheads FOf;fSk; ,aq;Ffpd;wd. Los Pedriches fpuhkk; ehrpfspd; fl;Lg;ghlw;w $Lk; tjptplkhf cs;sJ. ru;tNjrg; ghrp];Lfs; ,q;Fk; jk; re;jpg;Gfis epfo;j;Jfpd;wdu;. gpuhd;];> Rtp];> n[u;kdp> x];jpupah> FNuhr;rpah> ,j;jhyp Mfpa ehLfisr; Nru;e;jtu; fye;J nfhs;fpd;wdu;. mj;NjhL ];ngapdpd; rpW jPthd Malloriatpy; n[u;khdpa skinhead ghrprf; FOf;fSk; jk; re;jpg;G ,lq;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sNjhL ,q;F xU Nghye;J ehl;ltUk; 2 tPlw;w njUtpy; thOk; kdpju;fSk; ,tu;fshy; nfhy;yg;gl;Ls;sdu;. a+ju;fs; rpe;jp kw;Wk; Nuhkh kf;fspdq;fl;F vjpuhf ,tu;fs; gpur;rhu eltbf;if kw;Wk; td;Kiwfspy; <Lgl;Ls;sdu;. mz;ikapy; nkhNuhf;Nfh ehl;Lj; njhopyhsu;fl;F vjpuhd fytuq;fspy; ,tu;fs; gq;Nfw;Ws;sdu;. mq;F jhk; "nts;is ,dj;jpd; Gul;rp tho;f" vd;W Kof;fkpl;lij n[u;kdpa Gjpa ehrpfspd; ntspaPLfs; ngUikNahL vOJfpd;wd.

,j;jhyp-tj;jpf;fhd; - 1939-1958 Nghg;ghf ,Ue;j Pius XII kw;Wk; x];jpupahtpd; fj;Njhypf;f gprg;ghd Alois Hudel (fpl;yNuhL kpfTk; neUf;fkhdtd;) cjtpNahL a+j kf;fis mopj;j Auswitz nfhiy Kfhkpd; kdpjg; gupNrhjidahsd; Dr. Josef Mengel, Treblinka Kfhk;> nfhiyahsp Franz Hudel Nghd;Nwhu; njd; mnkupf;fhTf;Fj; jg;gpNahbdu;. ngu;ypdpd; Gestapo nghWg;ghsp Heinreich Alois Müller tj;jpf;fhdpy; cs;s Deutsche Vatican Schule ,d; nghWg;ghsuhf 1973,y; kuzk; milAk; tiu Franz Alexander Kaminsky vd;w khw;Wg; ngaupNy Ntiy nra;jhd;. mNj rkak; ,];Nuypa kw;Wk; fpof;F n[u;kdpa csTg; gpupTfs; cynfq;Fk; ,tidf; fLikahfj; Njb te;jd. KNrhypdpapd; Ngj;jp ,j;jhypapy; ghuhSkd;wj; Nju;jypy; epw;fpwhs;. ,j;jhypapd; gioa ghrp];LfSk; Gjpa ghrprf; FOf;fSk; ,ize;J nraw;gLfpd;wd.

gpupl;ldpy; - Kombat-18, Hooligans cl;gl gytpj ghrprf; FOf;fs; ,aq;Ffpd;wd. ,jpy; Kombat 18 fle;j tUlq;fspy; ntspehl;ltu;fl;F vjpuhd Fz;Lj; jhf;Fjy;fis Nkw;nfhz;lJ. gpuhd;rpy; Jean Marie Lepen,d; Front National kw;Wk; 1995,y; nkhNuhf;Nfh ,isQidf; nfhiy nra;j ‘Oeuvre Français’ Nghd;w ghrpr mikg;GfSk; ,aq;Ffpd;wd. gpuhd;rpd; fle;j fhyj;jpa murfspYk; ghrprj;jpd; Ntu;fs; cs;sd. gpuhd;rpd; mjpguhapUe;j kpj;jNuhd;> ehrpfs; gpuhd;irf; ifg;gw;wpaNghJ cUthf;fpa cs;Su; gilapNy ,Ue;J ghrprj;Jf;F njhz;L nra;jtd; vd;gij mtdpd; tho;f;if tuyhw;iw vOjpa Jean Edern Halliger Fwpj;Js;shu;. gioa ke;jpupahd Maurice Papon ehrp fhyj;jpy; 1690 a+ju;fis nfhiy KfhKf;F mDg;g cjtpatd;. Jean Marie Lepen my;[Pupa tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; my;[Pupa kf;fisf; nfhd;wtd;.

RtPldpy; - gy ghrpr mikg;Gf;fs; cs;sd. Wolve Packs, VittArriskt Motstand (VAM) cl;glg; gy ghrpr ,af;fq;fs; ,aq;Ffpd;wd. Blood & Haneuer gpujhdkhd ghrpr ,af;fk;. ,J n[u;kdpapd; National Revolutioären Zellen gpupl;ldpd; Kombat-18 clDk; neUf;fKilaJ. Blood & Haneuer, Wehrwolf vd;gd RtPldpy; kl;Lky;y rfy ];fd;bNdtpad; ehLfspYk; cz;L. 1999 xf;Nlhgu; 12,y; RtPldpy; SAC njhopw;rq;fthjpAk; ghrpr vjpu;g;ghsUkhd Bjön Söderberg mtuJ tPl;by; itj;Jr; Rl;Lf;nfhy;yg;gl;lhu;. 1999 a+d; khjj;jpd; Expo vd;w ,lJrhupg; gj;jpupifiar; Nru;e;j Peter Karlson cld; mtuJ 8 taJf; Foe;ijAk; fhu;f;Fz;L %yk; nfhy;yg;gl;ldu;. mtupd; Jiztp Katarina Karlssonf;F njhlu;e;J nfhiyg; gaKWj;jy; tplg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ. ,f; nfhiyfis Wolve Packs vd;w Gjpa ghrpr mikg;Ng elj;jpaJ. ,tu;fs; nfhk;a+dp];Lfs; a+ju;fisf; Fwpitj;J ,aq;Ffpd;wdu;.

nld;khu;f;;fpy; 1999Kjy; ghrp];l; Rudolf Hess epidTehisf; nfhz;lhb tUfpd;wdu;. Nehu;Ntapy; Oslo efupy; cs;s a+j mikg;gpd; jiytUk; Auschwitz ,y; ,Ue;j jg;gpatUkhd Birkeaukai Feinberg 1995,y; Nehu;Nt Gjpa ehrpfshy; nfhy;yg;gl;lhu;. ,tuJ nfhiyapy; ngu;ypdpy; cs;s Gjpa ehrp ,af;fkhd Gruppe-FAP njhlu;G nfhz;bUe;jJ. ,jd; cWg;gpdd; Lars Burmeis ifJ nra;ag;gl;lhd;.

fpof;F INuhg;gpaehLfspy; Kjyhspa kPl;likg;gpd; gy;NtW ghrpr kw;Wk; skinhead ngUfpAs;sd. rpythf;fpahtpy; Jozef Tiso Nghd;w ehrpfSld; ,ize;J nfhk;a+dp];LfisAk; a+ju;fisAk; nfhiynra;j ghrp];Lfs; NjrpatPudhf Mf;fg;gl;L Zilina efupy; epidTr;rpd;dk; vOg;g Kaw;rpfs; elf;fpd;wd. gytpj skinhead FOf;fs; rpe;jp Nuhkh Nkyhd nfhiyfspYk; a+j vjpu;g;gpYk; nfhk;a+dpr vjpu;g;gpYk; ,wf;fp tplg;gl;Ls;sd. &Nkdpahtpy; 3000 a+jkf;fisf; nfhy;y ehrpfspw;F cjtpa ghrp];l; cs;s Oradeatpy; Antonescu ngaupy; tl &Nkdpa efuhd Oradeatpy; Marschell Antonescu tPjp cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mq;Fs;s n[u;kdpa ghrprf; FOf;fNshL ,ize;j ghrpr mikg;Gfs; rpe;jp> Nuhkh> a+ju;fl;F vjpuha; %u;f;fkha; ,aq;Ffpd;wd. fq;Nfupapy; 50 000f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l Gjpa ehrpfs; skinhead FOf;fs; cs;sd. 500 000f;F Nkw;gl;l rpe;jp Nuhkh ,dkf;fs; 800 000 a+ju;fspd; tho;T epr;rakw;w jd;ikf;F tplg;gl;Ls;sJ. Kd;dhs; a+f;Nfh];yhtpahtpy; FNuhr;rpau;fs; kj;jpapy; Ustasche Nghd;witAk; Nru;gpau;fspd; gFjpfspy; Schetniks Nghd;w ghrprthjf; FOf;fSk; ,aq;Ffpd;wd. my;ghdpahtpy; ,uz;lhk; cyf ghrp];Lfshd Balistenfs; capu;ngw;Ws;sdu;. nyj;yhe;jpy; 1995,y; Volkbewegung für Lettland vd;w ghrprf; fl;rp 15% thf;Ffisg; ngw;wJ. n[u;kdpa Gjpa ehrpfNshL njhlu;Gila ,f; fl;rp u];au;fs;> a+ju;fs;> nfhk;a+dp];Lfis jk; Kjy; vjpup vd;W gpufldg; gLj;jpaJ. ,jd; jiytu; Joachin Siegrist n[u;kdpapy; Axel Springer epWtd Vlhd Bild,y; Ntiy nra;jtd;. Gjpa ehrp eltbf;iffl;fhf n[u;kdpapy; jz;bf;fg;gl;ltd;. ,td; %u;f;fkhd nfhk;a+dpr tpNuhjp "Ich Hasse die kommunistern wie die Pest" (nfhk;a+dp];Lfisj; njhw;WNeha; Nghy ntWf;fpNwd;) vd;whd;. 16 khu;r; 2000,y; ,q;F 1000 gioa SS ghrp];Lfs; Cu;tykha; nrd;W nrk;gilia vjpu;j;Jg; Nghuhbr; nrj;j 50 000 ghrp];Lfl;F kyu; itj;J mQ;ryp nrYj;jpdu;.

fpl;yiuAk; ghrprj;ijAk; Kwpabj;j u];a g+kpapy; xf;Nlhgu; Gul;rpf;F Kd;G ,Ue;j "fWg;G E}w;Wtu;" vd;w ghrprf; FO kPz;Lk; Njhd;wp fpl;yiu jk; Mrhdhf mwptpj;Js;sJ. kpjthjg; ghrp];Lfshd tpshbkpu; rpupNdt;];fp Nghd;NwhUk; skinhead FOf;fSk; ,aq;Ffpd;wdu;. a+j vjpu;g;Gk; K];ypk; kf;fs; Nkyhd vjpu;g;GfisAk; ,it nfhz;Ls;sd.

mnkupf;fhtpy; nkj;jkha; 809 tyJrhup mikg;Gfspy; 2 kpy;ypad; cWg;gpdu;fs; cs;sdu;. 60f;F Nkw;gl;l Gjpa ehrp kw;Wk; Ku-Kuux-Klan mikg;Gfspy; 40 000f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l ghrp];Lfs; cs;sfdu;. White Aryan Rassistence (WAR) Ku-Kuux-Klan Blood and Hanouer Skinhead front wolf Ariyan Nghd;w ,af;fq;fs; Mrpa> Mgpupf;f kf;fs;> a+ju; fyg;gpd kf;fs;> mnkupf;ff; fWg;gpd kf;fs; MfpNahUf;F vjpuha; nraw;gLfpd;wdu;. ,it n[u;kdpapd; Gjpa ghrprf; FOf;fNshL neUf;fkhf njhlu;Gilait. mnkupf;f ehrpahd Lauck Wirck INuhg;ghtpy; 11 nkhopfspy; ghrprg; gpur;rhuq;fis ntspapLtjw;Fg; nghWg;ghapUe;jik nld;khu;f;fpy; ,td;kPJ ele;j tpruizfspd;NghJ njupa te;jJ. 1997,y; mnkupf;f khepykhd xf;fyNfhkhtpy; (okolokoma) 168Ngu; kuzkile;J 500NgUf;F Nky; fhakile;j fWg;G kw;Wk; Mrpa kf;fs; tho;e;j khbj; njhlu;kPjhd Fz;Lj; jhf;Fjypy; gq;Nfw;w n[u;kdpa Gjpa ehrpahd Andreas n[u;kdpa ,uhZtkhd Bundeswehr,y; ,Ue;jtd;. White Aryan Rassistencef;Fk; Vida rpy ghrprf; FOf;fSf;Fk; ,uhZtg;gapw;rpahsdha; ,Ue;jtd;. 1995,y; mnkupf;f ,uhZtj;jpypUe;j Gjpa ehrp Ku-Kuuk-Klan FOf;fs;gw;wp Neues Week nra;jp ntspapl;lJ. tl Caralinatpy; mnkupf;f ,uhZtj;jpypUe;j ghrprf; FO xU fWg;gpd Nrhbia Rl;Lf;nfhd;wJ. n[u;kdpapy; ,Ue;j mnkupf;f ,uhZt Kfhk;fSld; n[u;kdpag; ghrprf; FOf;fspd; njhlu;Gfs; ePz;lfhykha; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. 1998,y; mnkupf;f Nevada khepyj;jpy; ghrprf; FOf;fs; ntspehl;L kw;Wk; fWg;gpd kf;fs; thOk; ,lq;fspy; er;RthAj; jhf;FjYf;Fj; jpl;lkpl;L ,Ue;jik fz;L gpbf;fg;gl;lJ.

,yj;jPd; mnkupf;f ehLfshd gpNurpy;> M[d;uPdh> guhFNt> rpyp Nghd;w ehLfspYk; ghrpr kw;Wk; nts;is ,dthjf; FOf;fs; ,aq;Ffpd;wd. Mu;[d;uPdhtpy; PNOSP (Gjpa r%f xOq;Ff;fhd Njrgf;jf; fl;rp) 6000 cWg;gpdu;fs; cz;L. ,jpy; n[u;kdpapy; ,Ue;J jg;gpr;nrd;W mq;F thOk; gioa ehrpfs; Kf;fpakha; cs;sdu;. ,tu;fs; muR> ,uhZtk;> ,itfshL kpfTk; neUf;fKk; nry;thf;Fk; cilatu;fs;. PNOSPapd; jiytd; Ivan Franze a+j vjpu;g;NghL fWg;gpd kf;fs; nrt;tpe;jpa kf;fSf;F vjpuhd nts;isg; ghrprj;ij gfpuq;fg;gLj;Jfpd;whd;.

rpypapy; n[u;kdpapy; ,Ue;J FbNawpa n[u;kdpa nts;is ,dthjpfshYk; n[u;kdpapy; ,Ue;j jg;gpr;nrd;w gioa ehrpf; Fw;wthspfshYk; epu;tfpf;fg;gLk; Deutsche Colonia Dignidad gFjp 1973-1990tiuapyhd fhyj;jpy; nfhk;a+dpr vjpu;g;G ,af;fj;jpd; ikakha; tpsq;fpaJ. rpypapd; gpdhNra; ,uhZtf; Fk;gNyhL njhlu;Gila ,tu;fs; nfhk;a+dp];LfisAk; Vida kdpjhgpkhd rf;jpfisAk; muR csTj;JiwNahL ,ize;J nfhiy nra;jdu;.

,d;W cyfpy; ghrprk; gpujhd mghakha; kPz;Lk; tsu;e;J tUfpd;wJ. INuhg;ghtpy; 1994,y; kl;Lk; 40f;F Nkw;gl;l Nuhkh ,dkf;fs; ghrp];Lfshy; nfhiynra;ag;gl;Ls;sjha; Nuhkh mikg;G njuptpf;fpwJ. njd;Mgpupf;fhtpd; nfhk;a+dp];l; fl;rpapd; jiytUk; ePz;l fhy nts;is ,dthj muRf;F vjpuhd NghuhspAkhd Chris Haniiaf; nfhd;wtu;fshd Derby Lewis, Janusz Walusz ,UtUk; Gjpa ehrpf; FONthL njhlu;Gilatu;fs;. ,e;jpahtpy; ,e;Jkjj;jpd; ngauhy; ghrprk; Ml;rpajpfhuj;ij ifg;gw;WksT gyk; nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,yq;ifapy; tPutpjhd> rpq;fs gyNtfa Nghd;w ngUe;Njrpathj ntwpau;fs; tsu;fpd;wdu;. kWGwk; jkpo;kf;fspd; Njrpa tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lk; Gypfspdhy; FWfpa jkpo;j; Njrpa ntwpahAk; ,uhZtthj rpj;J tpisahl;LfspYk; rpije;J rPuope;J epw;fpwJ. rhjhuz rpq;fs kf;fis vjpupahf;fp mtu;fs;; Nky; gaq;futhjj;ij VTk;Gypfis jkpo;g; gFjpfspy; ,Ue;j K];ypk; kf;fisj; Juj;jpa Gypfis ,e;jpa ,e;Jg; ghrpr ntwpadhd ghy; jf;fNu Nghd;Nwhu; ‘Gypfspd; clypy; XLtJ ,e;J ,uj;jk;’ vdg; ghuhl;LtJk; rfy r%f czu;T nfhz;l rf;jpfspd; ftdj;Jf;F cupajhFk;. ,e;jg; Nghf;Ffis vjpu;nfhs;sty;y murpay; khu;f;rpaj;jhy; jahupf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. jkpo;kf;fspd; Njrpa vOr;rpia rpq;fs kf;fspd; r%ftpLjiyNahL If;fpag;gLj;Jk; murpaiy Kd;nkhopa Ntz;Lk;.

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