Internet links:
page anchors:
- Void
Een HTML-weergave van een XML-document:
Stel je wilt met het oog op de toekomst, web-artikelen schrijven in xml-opmaak; opgeslagen als .xml-files, maar je weet nog te weinig van CSS en XSL. Dan kun je als volgt beginnen.
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!-- all elements here are explicitly in the HTML namespace -->
<html:html xmlns:html='http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40'>
<html:head><html:title>Frobnostication</html:title></html:head>
<html:body><html:p>Moved to
<html:a href='http://frob.com'>here.</html:a></html:p></html:body>
</html:html>
The Canvas
For all media, the term canvas describes "the space where the formatting structure is rendered." The canvas is infinite for each dimension of the space, but rendering generally occurs within a finite region of the canvas, established by the user agent according to the target medium. For instance, user agents rendering to a screen generally impose a minimum width and choose an initial width based on the dimensions of the viewport. User agents rendering to a page generally impose width and height constraints. Aural user agents may impose limits in audio space, but not in time.
ISO: The short name for the International Organization for Standardization, a worldwide federation of national standards bodies from more than 140 countries, one from each country. ISO is a nongovernmental organization established in 1947. The mission of ISO is to promote the development of standardization and related activities in the world with a view to facilitating the international exchange of goods and services and to developing cooperation in the spheres of intellectual, scientific, technological, and economic activity. See www.iso.org.
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XSLT stands for eXtensible Stylesheet Language - Transformation. The language was designed primarily for writing stylesheets that enable XML documents to be displayed to their readers. By writing more than one stylesheet, you can display the same information in different ways to different audiences, and tailor the presentation to the capabilities of different display devices, including web browsers, conventional print media, handheld devices, and digital TV. By authoring your information in XML, and rendering it using XSLT, you separate the tasks of the content author and the graphic designer, and you ensure that a uniform design is achieved across all your content. This approach also allows you to change the visual design without rewriting the content.
XSLT is also used increasingly for transforming data. For example, if you need to send electronic orders to your suppliers, then the XML message used for this purpose will have to conform to a schema agreed with the suppliers. If the data starts life in an Excel spreadsheet, you can export it in XML using the built-in capabilities of Excel, and then transform it to the format required by the agreed schema, by means of an XSLT transformation.
In the United States, there is a set of XML schemas that have been developed for use in exchanging data between one or more government agencies. The purpose was to develop a common set of data elements to simplify information sharing. The schema was developed as part of the National Information Exchange Model (NIEM) (http://www.NIEM.gov)
One can never have too many standards, it seems, so here's another: EAD = Encoded Archival Description
"A nonproprietary encoding standard for machine-readable finding aids such as inventories, registers, indexes, and other documents created by archives, libraries, museums, and manuscript repositories to support the use of their holdings."
In other words, EAD is for public data interchange between libraries and their users. Libraries publish their archival holdings using EAD. If you're searching for a manuscript or a rare book, EAD along with tools based on EAD are intended to help you find it.
EAD is supported by the Library of Congress and the Society of American Archivists. Despite being of US origin, EAD's design principles emphasize the need for accommodating internationally divergent practices and multi-language facilities. It was first developed in SGML, the latest version EAD 2002 is in XML.
see http://www.loc.gov/ead/
XMLweb services are a relatively new development, designed to become the fundamental building block in distributed computing on the Internet. In other words, web services allow business and personal users to interface online without the need for a third-party program.
Imagine having an application running on your computer. You enter information into that application, while a business partner in another part of the country does the same in an application they’re working with. Instead of you having to use an Instant Messenger or some other third-party program so that you can communicate with your partner (even simple e-mail is considered a third party in this example), the applications that the two of you are using share the information directly, providing both of you with the results. Now imagine that the applications that the two of you are using are simply built into a web page. That’s the integration of web services with XML.
When it comes down to it, all that web services are is a new way for users to interface with applications. The web services application uses an XML messaging system to make itself available over the Internet, and because the core of the communications is XML, it doesn’t even have to communicate with the systems that it would normally be compatible with. Windows can communicate with Unix, and Java can send messages to Perl. Web services use XML as a sort of "universal translator."
2-4-2008
OOXML en ODF
Bestanden van Miscrosofts nieuwe Office 2007-pakket worden opgeslagen in het OOXML-formaat, dat daarmee de opvolger is van onder andere .doc en .xls. Standaardisatie is belangrijk voor Microsoft, omdat steeds meer bedrijven en vooral instellingen over stappen op open standaarden. Dit vermindert leveranciersafhankelijkheid, omdat meerdere softwarepakketten met standaarden overweg kunnen. Volgens tegenstanders van OOXML is het helemaal niet nodig dat het formaat een ISO-standaard wordt. Het Open Document Format (ODF) is al een ISO-standaard en dat is afdoende, menen zij. Onder andere OpenOffice.org en Google gebruiken het ODF-formaat. Ook de Nederlandse overheid stapt over op ODF.
20-6-2008
Xopus xml-editor