CHRONOLOGY OF DIFFERENT CIVILIZATIONS IN SYRIA
Archaenological finds proves that Syria deep into the Stone Age.
About 4500 BC-2500 BC . Halaf period
About 2500 BC:The ealiest trace of civilization, with the city of Ebla,close to today ´s Aleppo. This was at the same time as the civilizations of Egypt and Mesopotamia.
About 2300: Ebla destroyed by the Akkadian dynasty of Sumer.
About 1800: Assyrian capital of Shubat Enlit is established by king Shamsi--Aadad, in the north eastern corner of Syria
About 1700: Assyria conquered by Hammurabi of Babylonia.
About 1600: Northern Syria conquered by the Hitties. The kingdom of Mitanni is established in the south.
About 1350: Mitanni is conquered by the Hittites.
About 1200: Immigration of Arameans .They established petty kingdoms. Pincipal ,Aram,near today ´s Damascus.
732:Assyria conquers Aram.
612:Assyria collapses.Syria falls under the rule of Nebuchadnezzar of Babylonia.
539: With the decline of Babylonia,Syria falls under the control of Cyrus the Great of Persia.
333-332:Alexander includes Syria into his empire.
301:Syria bocomes part of the Seleucid empire.
About 200:While governed by the great Seleucid kings of Antiochus 3 and 4,the name of Syrai is being used for the first time.
64:Selucid Syria is made into a Roman province by Pompey the Great.
AD
106 AD:As a Roman province,Syria absorbes the Nabatean kingdom.At time Antioch(now in Turkey), was one of the greatest cities.
395:With the division of the Roman empire, Syria falls to Byzantine(the easter part of the Roman empire)
636:After years of war,Syria is easily conquered by the Arabs and included in the Caliphate of the Caliphate of Islam.
661:Damascus becomes the new capital of the Caliphate,under the Ummawiyys.
750:End to Damascus position as the capital of the Caliphate, with the take-over by the Abbasids. 877:Syria is annexed by Egypt.
929:Syria is the central part of the Hamdan kingdom.
1060:Conquering by the The Turkish Seljuks.
1099:Western parts of Syria is incorporated in the Latin kingdom of Jerusalem.
1174-87:Saladin takes control over Syria. His heirs. the Ayyubids, bring stability back to the region, with postive influence on the economy.
About 1250: Egytian Mamelukes have taken control over most of Syria.
About 1300:The last crusaders are driven out of Syria. A well organised state is established. This is run by local officials. Strong persecution of local sects.
1401:Tamerlane devastates Syria.
1516:Syria is incorported into the Ottoman Empire.
1831:Syria is conquered by Egypt.
1840:With the pressure from Great Britain and Austria, Egypt withdraws from Syria.
1860: A massacre of Christians in Damascus.
1869:The opening of the Suez Canal leads to a decline i Syria ´s economical importance.
1916 May: The Sykes-Picot agreement between Great Britain and France, violating British guarantes on Arab independence that had been given to Hussayn Ibn Ali, the grand sharif of Mecca in January. Today ´s Syria and Lebanon become French area of influence, while today´s Israel, Palestine, and Jordan become British area.
1920:Local armed rebellion is supressed by the French.
1925-7:Uprising ,this time better organised than in 1920.
1938:Agreement between Syrian leaders and the French on substantial Syrian independence.The French refused to ratify this agreement.
1939:The area of Alexandretta , with the ancient Syrian capital Antioch,is ceded to the Turks. 1941:Syria,since 1940 under the administration of Vichy France, is occupied by British and Free French forces. Later the same year, both of these parties rocognised Syrian independence. 1943:Elections .A government is organised under the precidency of Shukri l-kuwatli.
1945:With the end o World War II, the French tried to uphold their influence over Syria,Syria becomes a charter member of United Nations.
1946:Britiish intervenes, and takes control over anti-French demonstrations.
1948:Syria participates in the Arab warfare
1949:March 30 General Husni l-Zaim and his junta takes power.
August 14 Zaim is overthrown by Syrian officers.Zaim was shortly after executed.
1950 September:A new constitution. Hashim l-Atasi is elected presiden.
1953:A new contitution, limiting civil liberties.
1954 March A militäry group forces Shishakli out of office,and reinstates Atasi,and restores the constitution of 1950.
1958 February 21: Establishment of the United Arab Republic, a union with Egypt. Gamal Abu l-Nasser becomes president of the Union.
March:Nasser dissolved all political parties of Syria. Nasser also introduced regulations on the Size of land property.
October 7:Joint ministers of the union, all stationed in Cairo.
1960 March 18:Several Syrians are appointed to the cabinet in Cairo.
1961 August16: Single UAR cabinet. Opposition has increased in Syria, much coming from the modernisation efforts taken by Nasser.
September 28: Army takes control over Damascus, and declares new independence for Syria . Nasser did not take any measures.
1963 March 8: Baathist(Resurrection) revolution proved to be a turning point in contemporary Syrian history.
1970 November 12:The(correction movement) President Hafez Al-Assad.Under president Al-Assad, Syria has for the first time since independence enjoyed a prolonged period of stability.