Write out answer to each of the following items.

 

Chapter 1

  1. List the types of issues does psychology deal with.
  2. What were each of the following people most known for:
    1. BF Skinner
    2. Edward Titchener
    3. Wilhelm Wundt
    4. Sigmund Freud
    5. John Watson
  3. Who was the 1st person to establish psychology?
  4. Know each of the following schools of thought and what their basic assertions were:
    1. Functionalism
    2. Humanism
    3. Behaviorism
    4. Psychoanalysis
    5. Gestalt Psychology
  5. Which school of thought said the whole was greater than the sum of its parts?
  6. What is a Freudian Slip?
  7. What type of therapy did Fred develop?
  8. Who is the founder of behaviorism?
  9. According to cognitive psychologists, what causes behavior?
  10. How are observable actions important to behaviorists?
  11. Which school of thought supports the idea that individuals have freewill and  have a need to grow to reach their full potential?
  12. Know and study the chart on page 12 showing the various perspectives
  13. What type of degrees do each of the following usually hold
    1. Psychiatrist
    2. Psychoanalyst
    3. Counselor
    4. Social worker
    5. Psychologist

 

 

 

Chapter 2

  1. List the steps in the scientific method
  2. what is the difference between a theory and an hypothesis?
  3. What is empirical data?
  4. describe each of the following methods of completing research:
    1. correlational method
    2. experimental method
    3. surveys
    4. naturalistic observation
    5. case study
    6. ex post facto study
  5. what is another name for the subjects who take part in a study?
  6. Explain the difference between the control group and the experimental group?
  7. what is a correlation coefficient?  What range is it expressed in?  How is the strength of the relationship shown in the number?  What does it mean to have a “-“ in front of the number, for example -.5 ?
  8. What are mean, median and mode?

 

 

Chapter 3

  1. What is a neuron?
  2. List the four major part of an neuron?
  3. What is the difference between afferent and efferent neurons?
  4. Which part of the neuron receives the information?
  5. What does the myelin sheath do?
  6. Where do sensory neurons carry messages to?
  7. Make a list of the neurotransmitters mentioned in your book. You just need to be able to identify the neurotransmitters (don’t waste time memorizing what each is responsible for, unless you are planning to take AP Psyc next year- then you can get a jump on it!)
  8. Which specific nervous system deals with voluntary responses?
  9. which specific nervous system deals with automatic responses?
  10. Which nervous sytem is know as the “fight or flight” system?
  11. What role does the cortex play in the brain?
  12. How many chromosomes does each human cell contain?  What is a chromosome?
  13. What does the central nervous system consist of?

Chapter 4

  1. What does the branch of developmental psychology focus on?
  2. What does neonatal mean?
  3. What is a teratogen?
  4. Why is Jean Piaget so influential in the field of psychology?
  5. Who developed the “visual cliff”?  Why was it developed?
  6. What is the difference between accommodation and assimilation?
  7. What is egocentrism?
  8. Explain Piaget’s stages of cognitive development and the major earmarks of each stage.
    1. For examples, what is the hallmark of the formal operational stage?
  9. Explain the following concepts
    1. Decentration
    2. Conservation
    3. Object permanence
  10. what is meant by temperament?
  11. List Kohlberg’s three levels of moral development

 

Chapter 8

  1. What are most behaviors caused by?
  2. Define learning?
  3. Explain the difference between a primary reinforcer and a secondary reinforcer.
  4. What name is most associated with classical conditioning?  Explain what classical conditioning is.
  5. What type of conditioning is most associated with Skinner? 
  6. List the four types of schedules of reinforcement.
  7. What is intrinsic motivation?
  8. what is extrinsic motivation?
  9. What other major way are things learned when they are NOT learned through reinforcement?
  10. What is punishment?  What is the difference between positive punishment and negative punishment?  When should punishment be used (for what goal?)
  11. What is shaping?
  12. List the major facts about punishment discussed in the book.

 

Chapter 9

  1. what is memory?
  2. explain the levels of processing approach
  3. describe each of the following types of memory storage
    1. sensory
    2. short-term
    3. long-term
  4. know each of the following terms that are related to memory
    1. chunking
    2. maintenance rehearsal
    3. elaborative rehearsal
    4. primacy effect
    5. recency effect
    6. von restorff effect
  5. when does decay occur?

Chapter 13

  1. Define personality.
  2. List the 5 stages of psychosexual development according to Freud. (know them in order)
  3. how many levels of consciousness did Freud believe there were?
  4. Explain the id, ego and superego.
  5. what is a trait?
  6. what is a type?
  7. What are dimensions according to the Big Five model of personality?
  8. what does it mean to be neurotic?

Chapter 16

  1. What is the DSM-IV-TR?  How many Axes does it contain?
  2. define abnormal behavior?
  3. Explain briefly each of the models of explaining abnormal behavior
    1. Psychodynamic
    2. Humanistic
    3. Behavioral
    4. Cognitive
    5. Sociocultural
    6. Evolutionary
    7. Medical – biological
  4. Who experiences anxiety?
  5. Explain what the following terms mean
    1. Hallucinations
    2. Delusions
    3. Phobias
    4. Obsessions
    5. Compulsions
  6. What is the major cause of depression according to the cognitive view?
  7. define a manic phase.
  8. Explain the following types of disorders
    1. Personality
    2. Behavioral
    3. Dissociative
    4. Mood
    5. Anxiety
  9. What is schizophrenia?