Barbarossa

 

            Barbarossa was a product of politics. In 1897, the Austrian Prime minister, Casimir Badenyi’s Languages’ Equality Act tried to put German and Czech on an equal footing. The de facto result punished German-speakers, as many Czechs already spoke German; few Germans spoke Czech. Demonstrations broke out all over Austria. Living in Graz, which Hausegger considered the most German city in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, he saw the agitation first hand. He was especially disturbed on one occasion to see a squadron of mounted policemen charge headlong into a group of demonstrators.

            His indignation at the perceived injustice to the German minority led him to thoughts of the emperor Friedrich Barbarossa and the distant days of glory under his reign. Barbarossa and his retinue are said to lie sleeping on stone tables inside the Kyffhäuser Mountain. The legend goes that when his beard grows round the table three times, he and his knights will awaken to save the German people in their hour of need.

            Musically, these thoughts took the form of a symphonic poem in three movements: The Distress of The People, The Magic Mountain and The Awakening. The first movement has a slow introduction, describing an idealized German landscape, then an allegro section, representing the woes of the people. Amidst the strife, a vision of the emperor appears. But the time is not yet right and the movement ends in a mood of desperation.

            The Magic Mountain depicts the legend of a peasant boy lost in the mists around the Kyffhäuser. Wandering into the mountain’s caves, he stumbles on the sleeping emperor. After a radiant preview of what Germany might become, the mists return and the music dissolves in pessimism.

            The Awakening opens with an outcry of frustration; the distress of the people is at its most intense. Yet, we hear distant trumpet calls growing nearer till, at last, the mountain splits open and Barbarossa emerges, ready to do battle. He and his knights drive out the oppressors; at last, the people are free. The work ends with a reprise of the introduction to the first movement, now transformed into a hymn of victory and thanksgiving.

            Hausegger wrote Barbarossa between Dec. 8th, 1898 and Sept. 3rd, 1899. He led its premier in Munich in 1900, with the Kaim Orchestra. Ries und Erler published the work in1901. Barbarossa lasts about 48 minutes and requires the following orchestra:

 

Piccolo, 2 flutes, 2 oboes, English horn, 2 clarinets, bass clarinet, 3 bassoons (contrabassoon)

4 horns, 4 C trumpets, 3 trombones, tuba

Tympani, 3 percussion- bass drum, 2 snare drums, crash and suspended cymbals, triangle, gong, glockenspiel

Harp (doubled or more if possible) 62 strings

 

  1. The Distress of The People
  2. The Magic Mountain
  3. The Awakening