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User Centered Design Processes

Providing solutions that best fits to the user requirements is not a simple job, it requires structured process that enable end users to participate and provide feedback while it is being developed. We at SSA Global follow this method to include user's insights and their mental models into the product. We aligned UCD processes to the development processes as explained below.

Identify the need of System:
This activity will be initiated by marketing and sales department as they frequently meet customers to study there need, they also foresee the need of product by market study. Once they identify the potential market for the product they prepare document that consists of set of requirements which we internally call as RDR (Requirement Definition Report). After this we (Usability Consultant, Product Architect and Business Analyst) brainstorm and do the mentioned activities to bring needed clarity to perform the next processes.

Identify the user groups
Plan for the site visits
Perform Competitive analysis

Deliverables
Initial Personas for each group

UCD Processes

Develop Requirements
Here in this phase great amount of time will be spent to understand the user requirements, and their current work processes through observing and interviews.

Task Analysis
Based on the budget and project need we will perform task analysis in two ways, firstly visiting on site and secondly based on the RDR and brainstorming to understand user's goals and their tasks that they follow to achieve each goal.

Task Design
Once we understand their goals and tasks we make task flow diagram, sequential models and scenarios of which the user performs regular and occasional activities.

Conceptual Design
After knowing our end users, their goals, and their tasks and scenarios, it is time to make a conceptual model that gives the user a known place while using the interface rather than an unknown place. It is to match the user's mental model to software by making the objects looks real and should be easily identifiable by end users. Navigation flow and structure of the product will be decided in this stage.

Lo-Fidelity Prototype
To get feel of software in early stage is to make quick paper sketches for critical tasks that user work most often and care a lot. This can be tested with end users or stakeholders to agree upon the way the software should be built. Based on the feedback from users it will be further refined and modified easily as it won't cost much.

Design
It is an iterative process which demands end user involvement for evaluation of the interactive prototype if they are not available it can be done with stakeholders, who can actually decide which function or technology will suitable at this moment.

Hi-Fidelity prototypes
Preparing Hi-Fidelity prototypes and getting users and stakeholder's feedback on the interactive prototype and refining it and retesting it until the user's goals are addressed properly with prototype. Its iterative processes which ensures product will be developed to address user's mental model and their scenarios.

Usability Walkthrough
Either users will be invited or we will visit the users place to get their feedback on the interactive prototype. User will interact with interactive prototype and they can feel the usefulness of the software in a early stage and they can tell if something doesn't work or functions that not obvious to them etc to us and we will note their feedback and refine the prototype and retest it they mentioned major changes else we will refine it and test with stakeholders.

Technical Design
We will provide detailed screen designs based on the prototype, developers starts coding the pages. We will provide any help that is required to them and together we will work on make design pages adheres to the UI standards.

Detailed Screen design
We will design screens for primary pages, secondary pages and error messages etc to provide complete look and feel of each pages

Usability Review
The purpose of a Usability review is to check if all the Pages of the product confirm to the guidelines defined in the Style Guides manuals as applicable and to identify as many existing usability defects as possible.
The focus of the review is emphasized on the individual page under review.

Visual Designs
Visual / Icon Design aims at enhancing the product's design through styles and layout, this also clarifies the product's structure, meaning and way of working. Each functional icon will tested with stakeholders or with users if possible to check its relevance to the function.

Verifications
Is to ensure the product meets the specified user's scenarios and find out if there are any errors in each page.

Usability Audit
The purpose is meant for testing the usability of a complete product. Besides the usability of individual screens, the consistency and navigation between the screens is also checked now.

Usability Test Plan
During this stage developers will be very busy fixing the usability and functional bugs. We need to plan usability test, screening users, fixing the date for test, planning for the gift or cash for participants, preparing scenarios etc. Once the product gets stable everything should be ready for execution.

Validation & Delivery
To verify the usability of the product, we perform a usability test on the product in our usability lab. This means that scenarios based on real user tasks are defined. Subsequently real-end-users are visited and are asked to perform these tasks with the product while thinking aloud.

During the test users navigation flow everything will be recorded to make sure no information is lost: the remarks of the user, the actions the user performs, the monitor output, number of mouse clicks, the expectations of the user, the duration of each task, the number of screens needed, etc.

In the end, the results will be analyzed and a usability test report will be written which contains suggestions on how to improve the usability of the product.

More on UCD and Usability

IBM User-Centered Design
Microsoft User Interface Design and Development
User-Centered Information Design Workbook
SAP User-Centered Design
User-Centered Design and Web Development
Usability Basics

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